scholarly journals EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF TRAFFIC INDEX DATA TO ANALYZE ESSENTIAL TRAFFIC IMPACT IN DEVELOPING CITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2020 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
T. Moyo ◽  
A. Kibangou ◽  
W. Musakwa
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Traffic Impact ◽  
Congestion Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract. In developing countries, metropolitan cities, due to their economic activities, attract an increasing amount of commuters on a daily basis. This has led to major freeways and roads experiencing high levels of congestion and consequently high pollution levels. In 2020, due to a global pandemic of an outbreak of Corona Virus (COVID-19), the national government declared a national shutdown with only essential traffic being allowed to operate. Given the scenario of the national lock-down this allows for the statistical analysis of the impact of essential traffic on the overall transportation system. Consequently the aim of the paper was to assess the congestion and CO2 emission impact of essential traffic for the City of Johannesburg. Using an exploratory approach, we monitored and collected traffic congestion data from the Tomtom traffic index for the metropolitan city of Johannesburg, South Africa. We develop a relationship between congestion and pollution to visualise the daily variations in pollution and congestion levels. We demonstrate this by comparing variations in congestion levels in two epochs, viz the period without movement restrictions and the period whereby movement is restricted. The results reveal essential traffic on the congestion index to be below 22 percent for both weekends and weekdays. A scenario common only during weekends in 2019. Whilst for the emission index, CO2 levels are approximately less than 45 percent throughout the week. The paper concludes the investment into mining and analysing traffic data has a significantly role for future mobility planning in both the developed and developing world and, more generally, improving the quality of commuting trips in the city.

A case study of noise pollution levels during the restrictions period due to COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
David Montes-González ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽  
Ana Cristina Bejarano-Quintas ◽  
Manuel Parejo-Pizarro ◽  
Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led to the need for drastic control measures around the world to reduce the impact on the health of the population. The confinement of people in their homes resulted in a significant reduction in human activity at every level (economic, social, industrial, etc.), which was reflected in a decrease in environmental pollution levels. Studying the evolution of parameters, such as the level of environmental noise caused by vehicle traffic in urban environments, makes it possible to assess the impact of this type of measure. This paper presents a case study of the acoustic situation in Cáceres (Spain) during the restriction period by means of long-term acoustic measurements at various points of the city.

“Air pollution arrested not imprisoned”: The impact of laws invoked on Covid-19 city lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mensah Aboagye ◽  
◽  
Nana Osei Owusu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution continues to be an environmental problem that poses a lot of health risks to the young and aged. Developed countries have invested heavily to curb this environmental problem, causing severe threats to human lives, yet the results do not look convincing. In developing countries, the situation is difficult than they can imagine, resulting in governments borrowing to fight what looks like a lost battle [1-3]. The in-depth study of this environmental menace - air pollution, suggests that the government enacts stringent measures to help fight this battle. This is because air pollution has natural (volcanic eruption) and anthropogenic (human activities) causes. In December 2019, the deadly Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak was soon declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) [4]. Majority of countries have had their share of the impact of this outbreak. Many countries resorted to city lockdown to strictly control the movement of people and economic activities as recommended by WHO.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Soundscape Factors Influencing Perceptions of Square Dancing in Urban Streets: A Case Study in a County Level City in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieling Xiao ◽  
Andrew Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Daily Basis ◽  
County Level ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Square dancing is a popular music-related group physical exercise for health benefits in China mainly participated by mid-aged women and elderly people. This paper investigates the soundscape and enjoyment of the square dancing in urban streets through a case study in Lichuan, a county level city in southwest China, in December 2017. It examines the impact of gender, age, participation and places on perceptions of square dancing soundscape. Two sites along two main urban streets in the city were selected to conduct onsite investigations where residents spontaneously perform square dancing on a daily basis. Ethnographical observations were conducted to identify the social-physical features and sounds of both sites during the dance and without dance. Sound pressure measurements (LAeq and LAmax) were also conducted under the two conditions. An off-site survey was distributed through the local social media groups to understand residents’ everyday experiences and perceptions of square dancing in the city; 106 responses were received for the off-site survey. T-tests and Chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis of the survey data. The results show gender does appear to be a factor influencing the regularity of participation in square dancing, with a bias towards more female participants. Participation frequency of square dance has an impact on the enjoyment of square dancing. There is no correlation between the dislike of watching square dancing, or dislike of the music and a desire to restrict locations for square dancing.

scholarly journals Social media: an exploration of the outcomes of social media use for homeless youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Donath
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The purpose of this project was to explore how young adults are experiencing relationships when using social media. Using a qualitative design young adults between the ages of 16-25 were asked questions about their experience with social media in the city of Toronto. Qualitative interviews were conducted with three homeless participants who used social media and had access to the internet and a mobile device. The researcher analyzed the data by looking for themes within the participant’s answers. Discussion focuses on the impact of social media, their experiences as a homeless youth and the interaction with social media on a daily basis. The findings also suggest future research for technology amongst homeless youth

The Impact of The Pico Y Placa Policy On Fine Particulate Matter In Lima, Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yovitza Romero ◽  
Priyanka deSouza ◽  
Fabio Duarte ◽  
Patrick Kinney ◽  
Carlo Ratti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Particulate Matter Concentration ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Matter Concentration

Abstract Lima has been ranked among the top most polluted cities in the Americas. Vehicular emissions are the dominant source of pollution in the city. In order to reduce congestion and pollution levels during the XVIII Pan- and Parapan-American Games, Lima government officials enacted the pico y placa policy to restrict the number of vehicles on certain heavily trafficked roads in the city at rush hours between Monday to Thursday based on the last digit of their license plates. This policy was retained after the Games. In this paper we evaluate the impact of this policy on fine particulate matter concentration levels (PM2.5) at a background site in the city using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that the policy resulted in increases on PM2.5 levels on Monday-Thursday compared to Friday-Sunday levels after the policy was enacted, compared to previous years. However, such an increase was not significant. These results suggest the need for additional policies to reduce pollution due to traffic in Lima. It also suggests the need to track the response to this policy over time to evaluate its efficacy.

scholarly journals Applying a Model for Trip Assignment and Dynamic Routing of Automated Taxis with Congestion: System Performance in the City of Delft, The Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (8) ◽  
pp. 588-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia ◽  
Bart van Arem
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This paper proposes a method of assigning trips to automated taxis (ATs) and designing the routes of those vehicles in an urban road network, and also considering the traffic congestion caused by this dynamic responsive service. The system is envisioned to provide a seamless door-to-door service within a city area for all passenger origins and destinations. An integer programming model is proposed to define the routing of the vehicles according to a profit maximization function, depending on the dynamic travel times, which varies with the ATs’ flow. This will be especially important when the number of automated vehicles (AVs) circulating on the roads is high enough that their routing will cause delays. This system should be able to serve not only the reserved travel requests, but also some real-time requests. A rolling horizon scheme is used to divide one day into several periods in which both the real-time and the booked demand will be considered together. The model was applied to the real size case study city of Delft, the Netherlands. The results allow assessing of the impact of the ATs movements on traffic congestion and the profitability of the system. From this case-study, it is possible to conclude that taking into account the effect of the vehicle flows on travel time leads to changes in the system profit, the satisfied percentage and the driving distance of the vehicles, which highlights the importance of this type of model in the assessment of the operational effects of ATs in the future.

scholarly journals The Sosio-Economic Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic in Lhokseumawe City

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angga Syahputra ◽  
Mukhtasar Mukhtasar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractThe Indonesian government has taken various policies to protect its citizens from the Covid-19 outbreak. Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) to impose a curfew have become several policies taken by several cities in Indonesia to stop the spread of Covid-19. Since WHO declared a pandemic, Covid-19 has had an impact on all aspects of life including socio-economics. Lhokseumawe is an industrial city which is mostly inhabited by residents from outside the city which is designated as a red zone. Various policies issued, such as the imposition of curfews, prohibitions on gathering in cafes, social distancing, wearing masks, and other policies, generally have no significant impact on socio-economic aspects. For this reason, researchers want to see the impact of Covid-19 on the socio-economic aspects of the people of Lhokseumawe City. The method used in this study used qualitative methods with the main data source obtained from observations, as a complement used literature studies and the results of previous research. As of October 2020, Lhokseumawe is still a red zone, but many people do not heed government policies, even socio-economic activities appear to be running normally. The results also showed that there was no significant change in the socio-economic aspects of the community in Lhokseumawe City. This research also explains important steps that are useful for stakeholders to decide on Covid-19 and anticipate its impact.

scholarly journals Economic Increase and Concentration of Economics Activities in Secondary Markets in Cotonou: From 2013 to 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. p172
Author(s):  
Hortensia Vicentia ACACHA-ACAKPO
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Secondary Markets ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Effect

Accelerating municipal revenues is very important for good decentralization. In Benin, despite the difficulties, the municipality of Cotonou is trying to put in place mechanisms to significantly improve its income. Thus, this research aims to analyze the impact of the concentration of economic activities on the increase in non-revenue taxation in the city of Cotonou specifically on secondary markets from 2013 to 2016. Results from an estimate of an ARDL model show that, in the short term, market rights and revenues from public latrines have a positive impact on non-tax revenues. The effect of place rights on the market is not significant, while revenues from the operation of public latrines have a significant impact on non-tax revenues. In the long term, the study reveals that marketing rights have a positive effect on non-tax revenues, but not in a very significant way. Revenues from the operation of public latrines, on the other hand, still have a positive impact on non-tax revenues. It is therefore urgent to find adequate answers since marketing rights and public infrastructure revenues must be the driving force behind the growth of non-tax revenues and, in turn, total revenues.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Relation Between Political Borders and Ecosystems in Creating Green Infrastructure Opportunities - the City of Prague

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenan Hussein ◽  
May Salama ◽  
Peter Kumble ◽  
Henry.W.A Hanson IV
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
City Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Political Borders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Cities are small on earth’s surface but they are the most attractive places for people to live and work; cities are developing quickly, thus it’s important to keep it a better quality place to live as it has the major of the economic activities and more job opportunities and other social and economic advantages to be a more green and sustainable place. Seeking to achieve sustainable use of ecosystems and conserve natural resources in the city of Prague; integrating ecological sustainability goals, the political borders as a reflection of urban development in the city, and ecosystems edges in blue and green functions impact the city development, and present opportunities to create strategies for green and blue infrastructure and clarifying threats could slow down the process to achieve the sustainability and greenery application. Also checking possible urban areas for development like brownfields and clarifying their relationship with political borders and ecosystems to find possible areas to add for sustainable green use, which will create better places for people to live and raise the value of life as well.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment Approach of Toll Road Operator

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Talavirya ◽  
M. B. Laskin
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
The Road ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Toll Lanes ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Collection Point

The purpose of the article is to assess the risks of a toll road operator arising in the event of traffic congestion at toll collection points. In the Russian Federation, in infrastructure projects, including toll road projects, the organizational and legal form of public-private partnership is often used. State authorities have the right to control the quality of the road management by the operator; the state can charge penalty points for low operational efficiency, leading to traffic congestion. The return on investment in infrastructure projects is of a long-term nature, therefore, the task of assessing the risks of possible losses by the toll road operator is quite relevant.Materials and methods. The main research tool is simulation modeling in the AnyLogic software environment, the analysis of the data obtained as a result of simulation was carried out in the environment of the statistical package R. The choice of tools is determined by a large number of subjective (sometimes technical) factors that significantly affect the road capacity at toll collection points, but do not lend themselves to strict formalization. Such factors include refusals to read electronic tolls, drivers changing lanes in the toll collection points, lack of money at the time of travel through the automatic toll lane, and others. All such factors are modeled in the AnyLogic environment as random variables with a rich choice of distribution functions and their parameters.Results. A simulation model of a toll collection point at an exit from a toll road has been created to analyze the throughput of a toll booth with various configurations of toll lanes, various levels of user behavior errors and the provision of drivers with electronic means of travel registration. Using the example of a toll collection point for the “Western High-Speed Diameter” motorway, the parameters of traffic congestion that occur when the number of operating toll lanes on the toll collection point decreases are estimated. In the event of congestion, for each configuration, estimates of the number of vehicles in the congestion, the length of the congestion, the waiting time in the queue at the entrance to the toll collection point at different times of the day, and the time of congestion are determined.Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, an assessment of the risks of non-compliance by the road operator with the standard for ensuring throughput can be carried out. To assess the risks of a toll road as a whole, it is advisable to use an individual simulation model for each toll collection point, taking into account the peculiarities of its geographical location, the composition of traffic at the facility, the regularity of user correspondence, as well as the impact of the surrounding transport, logistics and social infrastructure. In pronounced industrial and logistics areas of the city, in the border zones between the city and the region, an additional assessment of traffic intensity may be required to analyze the throughput of toll collection points, taking into account the daily, weekly and seasonal unevenness of the traffic flow.

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