scholarly journals Advances in pedestrian travel monitoring: Temporal patterns and spatial characteristics using pedestrian push-button data from Utah traffic signals

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Humagain ◽  
Patrick Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Push Button ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Pedestrian Travel

In this study, we advanced pedestrian travel monitoring using a novel data source: pedestrian push-button presses obtained from archived traffic signal controller logs at more than 1,500 signalized intersections in Utah over one year. The purposes of this study were to: (1) quantify pedestrian activity patterns; (2) create factor groups and expansion/adjustment factors from these temporal patterns; and (3) explore relationships between patterns and spatial characteristics. Using empirical clustering, we classified signals into five groups, based on normalized hourly/weekly counts (each hour’s proportion of weekly totals, or the inverse of the expansion factors), and three clusters with similar monthly adjustment factors. We also used multinomial logit models to identify spatial characteristics (land use, built environment, socio-economic characteristics, and climatic regions) associated with different temporal patterns. For example, we found that signals near schools were much more likely to have bimodal daily peak hours and lower pedestrian activity during out-of-school months. Despite these good results, our hourly/weekday patterns differed less than in past research, highlighting the limits of existing infrastructure for capturing all kinds of activity patterns. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that signals with push-button data are a useful supplement to existing permanent counters within a broader pedestrian traffic monitoring program.

scholarly journals Annual rhythms in adults’ lifestyle and health (ARIA): protocol for a 12-month longitudinal study examining temporal patterns in weight, activity, diet, and wellbeing in Australian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel G. Curtis ◽  
Timothy Olds ◽  
François Fraysse ◽  
Dorothea Dumuid ◽  
Gilly A. Hendrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Multi Level

Abstract Background Almost one in three Australian adults are now obese, and the rate continues to rise. The causes of obesity are multifaceted and include environmental, cultural and lifestyle factors. Emerging evidence suggests there may be temporal patterns in weight gain related, for example, to season and major festivals such as Christmas, potentially due to changes in diet, daily activity patterns or both. The aim of this study is to track the annual rhythm in body weight, 24 h activity patterns, dietary patterns, and wellbeing in a cohort of Australian adults. In addition, through data linkage with a concurrent children’s cohort study, we aim to examine whether changes in children’s body mass index, activity and diet are related to those of their parents. Methods A community-based sample of 375 parents aged 18 to 65 years old, residing in or near Adelaide, Australia, and who have access to a Bluetooth-enabled mobile device or a computer and home internet, will be recruited. Across a full year, daily activities (minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity, light physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) will be measured using wrist-worn accelerometry (Fitbit Charge 3). Body weight will be measured daily using Fitbit wifi scales. Self-reported dietary intake (Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies V3.2), and psychological wellbeing (WHOQOL-BREF and DASS-21) will be assessed eight times throughout the 12-month period. Annual patterns in weight will be examined using Lowess curves. Associations between changes in weight and changes in activity and diet compositions will be examined using repeated measures multi-level models. The associations between parent’s and children’s weight, activity and diet will be investigated using multi-level models. Discussion Temporal factors, such as day type (weekday or weekend day), cultural celebrations and season, may play a key role in weight gain. The aim is to identify critical opportunities for intervention to assist the prevention of weight gain. Family-based interventions may be an important intervention strategy. Trial registration Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ACTRN12619001430123. Prospectively registered on 16 October 2019.

scholarly journals Ecological specialization, variability in activity patterns and response to environmental change

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 20180115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talisin T. Hammond ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
Eileen A. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Individual Level

Differences in temporal patterns of activity can modulate the ambient conditions to which organisms are exposed, providing an important mechanism for responding to environmental change. Such differences may be particularly relevant to ecological generalists, which are expected to encounter a wider range of environmental conditions. Here, we compare temporal patterns of activity for partially sympatric populations of a generalist (the lodgepole chipmunk, Tamias speciosus ) and a more specialized congener (the alpine chipmunk, Tamias alpinus ) that have displayed divergent responses to the past century of environmental change. Although mean activity budgets were similar between species, analyses of individual-level variation in locomotion revealed that T. alpinus exhibited a narrower range of activity patterns than T . speciosus . Further analyses revealed that T. alpinus was more active earlier in the day, when temperatures were cooler, and that activity patterns for both species changed with increased interspecific co-occurrence. These results are consistent with the greater responsiveness of T. alpinus to changes in environmental conditions. In addition to highlighting the utility of accelerometers for collecting behavioural data, our findings add to a growing body of evidence, suggesting that the greater phenotypic variability displayed by ecological generalists may be critical to in situ responses to environmental change.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Aedes aegypti Oviposition Temporal Patterns and Their Relationship with Environment and Dengue Incidence

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Verónica Andreo ◽  
Ximena Porcasi ◽  
Claudio Guzman ◽  
Laura Lopez ◽  
Carlos M. Scavuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Machine Learning Classification

Aedes aegypti, the mosquito species transmitting dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses, is fully adapted to thrive in urban areas. The temporal activity of this mosquito, however, varies within urban areas which might imply different transmission risk. In this work, we hypothesize that temporal differences in mosquito activity patterns are determined by local environmental conditions. Hence, we explore the existence of groups of temporal patterns in weekly time series of Ae. aegypti ovitraps records (2017–2019) by means of time series clustering. Next, with the aim of predicting risk in places with no mosquito field data, we use machine learning classification tools to assess the association of temporal patterns with environmental variables derived from satellite imagery and predict temporal patterns over the city area to finally test the relationship with dengue incidence. We found three groups of temporal patterns that showed association with land cover diversity, variability in vegetation and humidity and, heterogeneity measured by texture indices estimated over buffer areas surrounding ovitraps. Dengue incidence on a neighborhood basis showed a weak but positive association with the percentage of pixels belonging to only one of the temporal patterns detected. The understanding of the spatial distribution of temporal patterns and their environmental determinants might then become highly relevant to guide the allocation of prevention and potential interventions. Further investigation is still needed though to incorporate other determinants not considered here.

scholarly journals Health Care Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Mobile Device Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jueyu Wang ◽  
Noreen McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Delivery ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Medical Visits

Transportation disruptions caused by COVID-19 have exacerbated difficulties in health care delivery and access, which may lead to changes in health care use. This study uses mobile device data from SafeGraph to explore the temporal patterns of visits to health care points of interest (POIs) during 2020 and examines how these patterns are associated with socio-demographic and spatial characteristics at the block group level in North Carolina. Specifically, using the k-medoid time-series clustering method, we identify three distinct types of temporal patterns of visits to health care POI. Furthermore, by estimating the multinomial logit models, we find that socio-demographic and spatial characteristics are strongly correlated with both the intensity and trend of medical visits during the pandemic. The results suggest that the ability to conduct in-person medical visits during the pandemic has been unequally distributed, which highlights the importance of tailoring policy strategies for specific socio-demographic groups to ensure health care delivery and access in a timely, equitable, and safe manner.

scholarly journals On the relation amongst limnological factors and fish abundance in reservoirs at semiarid region

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo César Gurgel-Lourenço ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Sousa Rodrigues-Filho ◽  
Ronaldo Angelini ◽  
Danielle Sequeira Garcez ◽  
Jorge Iván Sánchez-Botero
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Predator Species

Aim:To evaluate possible nycthemeral and seasonal temporal patterns in fish assemblage associated with limnological aspects and biotic factors in two reservoirs in semarid Northeastern Brazil.MethodsFish were sampled with gillnets in nycthemeral cycles throughout the dry and rainy season in two reservoirs (Paulo Sarasate/PS and Edson Queiroz/EQ). The stomach contents of the predator species were surveyed. The limnological variables were submitted to principal components analysis, while their relation to fish abundance was determined by canonical correspondence analysis. Temporal patterns in relative fish species abundance were detected with nMDS.ResultsTemperature and dissolved oxygen levels segregated the reservoirs physico-chemically. Turbidity and chlorophyll-a levels differed between seasons, and the relative abundance of species differed between the reservoirs. Predators were more abundant in PS, while detritivores were more abundant in EQ. Triportheus signatusand Plagioscion squamosissimus were the most abundant species in both reservoirs. In general, predator abundance was positively associated with high temperature and dissolved oxygen (PS>EQ) and negatively associated with turbidity. The activity patterns of P. squamosissimus could not be explained by fluctuations in environmental variables. Non-predators tended to cluster around the vectors chlorophyll-a, pH and turbidity. Predators had a more diversified diet in PS in accordance with food availability, while predators in EQ ate only fish and shrimp. Nycthemeral patterns varied for the same species depending on the reservoir. Generally, in PS predators were more active during daylight hours while non-predators were more active after dark. However, in EQ predators and non-predators displayed similar nycthemeral activity patterns. Regardless of the reservoir, predators were more abundant in the rainy season. No seasonal trend was observed for non-predators.ConclusionsLimnological differences between PS and EQ influenced temporal species abundance patterns. The species distribution was determined by predation conditions and physiological attributes.

The recording of odorant-induced mucosal activity patterns with a voltage-sensitive dye

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1804-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Kent ◽  
M. M. Mozell
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Amyl Acetate ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Voltage Sensitive Dye ◽  
Pixel Array ◽  
The Times ◽  
Humidified Air ◽  
Triton X

1. Fluorescence changes in the dye (WW 781) were monitored at 100 contiguous sites in a 10 x 10-pixel array on the bullfrog and salamander olfactory mucosas every 10 ms in response to odorous stimuli. The odorants were d-limonene, butanol, and amyl acetate, each presented at two concentrations with a 3:1 ratio. 2. The fluorescence signals elicited by these odorous stimuli were nearly identical in shape and time course to the electro-olfactograms (EOGs) recorded from the same animal under identical conditions. Like the EOGs, the fluorescence signals exhibited adaptation and were abolished by both Triton X-100 and ether. There was no measurable fluorescence when the tissue was not stained with the dye, and there was no change in fluorescence when, for stained tissue, nonodorized, humidified air was presented as the stimulus. 3. This technique presumably monitors the same events as the EOG, but has the advantage of simultaneously recording the odorant-induced activity from multiple sites across most of the mucosa. Thus this technique preserves subtle differences heretofore lost by other techniques both in the coarseness of their matrices and in the variability generated by trying to piece together, into one collage, results from numerous presentations given at different times. 4. In all preparations, there was a larger difference in the inherent activity patterns (derived from response magnitudes) between different odorants than between different concentrations of the same odorant. These differences were largest on the mucosa lining the floor of salamander's olfactory sac. d-limonene and butanol gave their largest responses near the internal and external nares, respectively, whereas the responses for amyl acetate were more uniform across the mucosal sheet. In contrast to the salamander, smaller differences were observed for both the roof and the floor of the bullfrog's olfactory sac. For the floor, both amyl acetate and d-limonene elicited similar patterns of response magnitude, whereas butanol differed from each of these odorants by eliciting a larger response on the anteriolateral aspect of the mucosa and a lesser response on the remainder. For the roof, different odorants produced different activity patterns, which had profiles not simply described as regions of maximal and minimal responsiveness. 5. Different inherent activity patterns based on temporal characteristics of the fluorescence responses were also observed for different odorants. Each odorant produced a different pixel-by-pixel pattern for the times at which the responses started and ended. For any given odorant, these temporal patterns paralleled the patterns given by response magnitudes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Characteristics of Non-Smokers’ Exposure Using Indirect Smoking Indicators and Time Activity Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9099
Author(s):  
Byung Lyul Woo ◽  
Min Kyung Lim ◽  
Eun Young Park ◽  
Jinhyeon Park ◽  
Hyeonsu Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Exposure Biomarkers ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Since the global enforcement of smoke-free policies, indoor smoking has decreased significantly, and the characteristics of non-smokers’ exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has changed. The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal and spatial characteristics of SHS exposure in non-smokers by combining questionnaires and biomarkers with time activity patterns. To assess SHS exposure, biomarkers such as cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-3-(pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine and nicotine in hair were collected from 100 non-smokers in Seoul. Questionnaires about SHS exposure and time activity patterns were also obtained from the participants. The analysis of biomarker samples indicated that about 10% of participants were exposed to SHS when compared with the criteria from previous studies. However, 97% of the participants reported that they were exposed to SHS at least once weekly. The participants were most exposed to SHS in the outdoor microenvironment, where they spent approximately 1.2 h daily. There was a significant correlation between the participants’ time spent outdoors and self-reported SHS exposure time (r2 = 0.935). In this study, a methodology using time activity patterns to assess temporal and spatial characteristics of SHS exposure was suggested. The results of this study may help develop policies for managing SHS exposure, considering the time activity patterns.

Influence of Environmental Design on Pedestrian Travel Behavior in Four Austin Neighborhoods

1997 ◽  
Vol 1578 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Shriver
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Pedestrian Travel ◽  
Similar Density

Results of a pedestrian survey conducted in two pairs of Austin, Texas, neighborhoods that possess either pedestrian-oriented or automobile-oriented transportation system, land use, and design characteristics but similar density, housing, and sociodemographic characteristics are reported. Survey results identify the influence of contrasting neighborhood forms on structural characteristics of walk-activity patterns and attitudes as mediated by personal characteristics. Walk-activity patterns significantly vary between neighborhoods with different accessibility characteristics. In the physically accessible neighborhoods, walks are predominantly short and frequent utilitarian trips that involve more secondary activities. Activity in the less accessible neighborhoods is characterized by longer, less frequent recreational walks that involve fewer secondary activities. Results support the conclusion that neighborhood transportation, land use, and design characteristics influence walk distance, duration, purpose, and number of secondary activities. The importance of walking in general and for specific purposes also varies with the relative levels of environmental variables. In the traditional neighborhoods, walkable distances, access to transit, shops, and work are more important, as is the opportunity to be outdoors. In the modern neighborhoods, walkway continuity, trees, and interesting things to look at are more important environmental attributes, as is the opportunity to maintain health. Accessibility affects walk activities as well as associated attitudes, but it is mediated through personal factors such as number of household cars, number of children, and household size. Evidence that pedestrians more highly value the available opportunities for walking suggests that latent predilections towards walking shape residential preferences.

scholarly journals Monitoring program for mammals in a protected area of Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Germán Jiménez ◽  
Natalia López-Cepeda ◽  
Andrea Delgado ◽  
Ana María Guevara ◽  
Laura Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

<p>Between the second semester of 2009 and the first semester of 2011, camera traps were set up in conserved and disturbed habitats in the Otún Quimbaya Flora and Fauna Sanctuary. From a sampling effort of 2,066 camera-days, 673 photographs of 157 independent events were obtained for eight species of wild mammals and a domestic one. Their activity patterns were mainly nocturnal even for those species reported as diurnal. The impact of human interference and exotic species was evident for two species: <em>Tapirus pinchaque</em> and <em>Cerdocyon thous</em>. The former was observed below its altitudinal range with activity patterns mainly crepuscular and nocturnal. The second was observed in the same habitats where domestic dogs were found, with activity patterns mainly crepuscular and nocturnal. These findings suggest that both species have altered their activity patterns. Actions must be focused on decreasing the interaction of these mammals with humans and domestic dogs.</p>

Spatial and temporal patterns of water loss in heterogeneous landscapes: using plaster models as amphibian analogues

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.E. Peterman ◽  
J.L. Locke ◽  
R.D. Semlitsch
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscape ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Plaster Models

Water balance is critical to survival, growth, and performance of many terrestrial organisms because it can influence foraging time, limit dispersal, and curtail courtship activities. Water loss can vary in time and space across the landscape, and can also be modulated by behavior. Amphibians are particularly sensitive to water loss because their skin provides little to no resistance to evaporative water loss. Our study sought to quantify rates of water loss across a heterogeneous landscape using plaster of Paris models as analogues for the Western Slimy Salamander (Plethodon albagula Grobman, 1944). Models were validated within a controlled laboratory setting prior to field deployment, and were shown to approximate rates and magnitudes of water loss observed in living salamanders. In the field, we tested both adult- and juvenile-sized models, and found that juvenile-sized models lost water at a greater rate under all contexts. The rates of water loss measured at night (1.5%/h–4.5%/h) was nearly half of those measured during the day (2%/h–10%/h). Rates of water loss were greatest on ridges with southwestern aspects during the day (5%/h–10%/h) and lowest in ravines with northeast aspects at night (1.50%/h–3.75%/h). The results of spatial and temporal patterns of water loss corroborate field observations of salamander activity patterns and distribution across the landscape, providing a physiological mechanism driving fine-scale habitat use and distribution. Although we tested plaster models as analogues for salamanders, this approach should be generalizable to other amphibian taxa, providing an efficient means of measuring rates of water loss in the field under biologically meaningful contexts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document