Minimising The Counter-Therapeutic Effects Of Coronial Investigations: In Search Of Balance

For more than a decade analyses of coronial processes inspired by both therapeutic jurisprudence and restorative justice have identified the potential for maximising the therapeutic and public health benefits of the investigative functions of coroners’ courts and minimising their counter-therapeutic potential. The focus of both scholarly literature and law reform proposals has been upon addressing deficits in respect of the role of families in coronial investigations and especially coroners’ inquests. This has been a constructive contribution and has improved sensitivity to the risk that family members will be disenfranchised and alienated at a highly vulnerable time after they have been bereaved. This article chronicles the development in awareness of such issues. However, the potential for adverse effects on parties other than family members has been inadequately recognised in the literature, save for empirical studies conducted in 2011 for the Coronial Council of Victoria and another study published in 2014 in New Zealand. This article seeks to redress that imbalance. It argues that it is appropriate also to have regard to such potential in endeavouring to provide an approach to the work of coroners that is influenced by the sensibilities of therapeutic jurisprudence and seeks to reduce, so far as possible, counter-therapeutic outcomes for all parties, at the same time prioritising accurate and robust fact-finding and formulation of constructive recommendations to avoid avoidable deaths. It calls for further empirical research on the impact of coroners’ investigations on all affected parties and argues in favour of extension of improved funding to enable approaches to be informed by therapeutic jurisprudence and in particular to enhance eligibility for the services of counselling services attached to coroners’ courts.

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International Arbitration as a Tool of Global Governance

The Oxford Handbook of Institutions of International Economic Governance and Market Regulation ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900571.013.23 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sophie Nappert

Keyword(s):

Global Governance ◽

Rule Of Law ◽

International Arbitration ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

Arbitration Process ◽

Fact Finding ◽

Exercise Of Discretion ◽

The Impact

It has been posited that the international arbitration process carries with it not only fact-finding and lawmaking functions but also a governance function insofar as “arbitrators … can and do engage in autonomous normative action while still adhering to the rule of law.” This contribution explores the role and ambit of the exercise of discretion by international arbitration tribunals and its interplay with the tribunals’ governance function, as arbitrators must consider “the impact of their rulings on states, persons or entities not directly represented in the case before them.” It questions whether the use of discretion is suited to the governance role of arbitral tribunals and serves, rather than compromises, the effective exercise of that role. It asks what measures ought to be considered to make arbitrators better prepared for the exercise of their governance function.

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The Effect of Using Social Media in the Modern Marketing Communication on the Shaping an External Employer’s Image

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144177 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4177

Author(s):

Agnieszka Izabela Baruk ◽

Grzegorz Wesołowski

Keyword(s):

World Literature ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Communication Channels ◽

Primary Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Marketing Communication ◽

Chi Square ◽

The Impact

The aim of this article was to determine the significance of modern marketing communication channels used in the process of shaping the external image of an enterprise as an employer. An analysis of the world literature on marketing, management, marketing communication and human resource management was used to prepare the theoretical part. The results of the analysis indicate a cognitive and research gap regarding the use of modern communication channels for building the external image of an enterprise in the role of an employer. In order to reduce the gap, empirical studies were conducted among young Polish potential employees, in which the survey method was used to gather primary data. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, during which the following methods and statistical tests were applied: the analysis of average values, exploratory factor analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test (KW), Pearson chi-square independence test and V-Cramer coefficient analysis. The results of the analyses conducted indicate, inter alia, that statistically significant diversity was identified in the case of non-professional media in terms of respondents’ opinions on whether the employer’s image created by modern media is better than the employer’s image created on the basis of classical marketing communication channels. In the case of professional and non-professional media, the age of the respondents was not a differentiating feature. Moreover, neither for professional media nor for non-professional media were statistically significant dependencies identified between respondents’ opinions on the impact of actions undertaken by enterprises on shaping their positive external image as an employer and respondents’ opinions on whether the employer’s image created on the basis of modern marketing communication channels is more beneficial than the employer’s image created on the basis of classical marketing communication channels. The results obtained on the basis of the research have a cognitive and applicability value, characterized by originality. Until now, the importance of using modern marketing communication channels in shaping the employer’s external image has not been analysed. This also applies to enterprises operating on the energy market.

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Parental perspective: The role of prostheses and prosthetics services in adjusting to a child’s upper limb difference

Technology and Disability ◽

10.3233/tad-200300 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tara Sims

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Peer Support ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Family Members ◽

Parental Adjustment ◽

Prosthetic Devices ◽

The Family ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND: The impact of paediatric upper limb difference may extend beyond the child themselves to their parents and other family members. Previous research has found that feelings of shock, numbness and loss are common amongst parents and that peer support can be a buffer against stress. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to explore the experiences of parents of children with limb difference, and the role of services and prosthetic devices in these experiences. METHODS: Nine parents of children with limb difference participated in either a group (n= 2) or individual (n= 7) interview. RESULTS: Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed four themes – ‘grief and guilt’, ‘prosthesis as a tool for parental adjustment’, ‘support’ and ‘fun and humour’. CONCLUSIONS: Parents may employ coping strategies to help them adjust to their child’s limb difference, including use of a prosthesis, accessing support from statutory services and peers, and use of fun and humour within the family.

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Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 mediates transforming growth factor-beta-induced hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78056-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jonghwa Kim ◽

Wonseok Kang ◽

So Hee Kang ◽

Su Hyun Park ◽

Ji Young Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Focal Adhesion ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Family Members ◽

Type I ◽

Tyrosine Kinase 2 ◽

The Impact ◽

Tgf Β1

AbstractHepatic fibrogenesis is characterized by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). The impact of ECM on TGF-β-mediated fibrogenic signaling pathway in HSCs has remained obscure. We studied the role of non-receptor tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family members in TGF-β-signaling in HSCs. We used a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mice model to evaluate the effect of FAK family kinase inhibitors on liver fibrosis. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of its target genes; α-SMA, collagen, Nox4, TGF-β1, Smad7, and CTGF. Pharmacological inhibitors, siRNA-mediated knock-down, and plasmid-based overexpression were adopted to modulate the function and the expression level of proteins. Association of PYK2 activation with liver fibrosis was confirmed in liver samples from CCl4-treated mice and patients with significant fibrosis or cirrhosis. TGF-β treatment up-regulated expression of α-SMA, type I collagen, NOX4, CTGF, TGF-β1, and Smad7 in LX-2 cells. Inhibition of FAK family members suppressed TGF-β-mediated fibrogenic signaling. SiRNA experiments demonstrated that TGF-β1 and Smad7 were upregulated via Smad-dependent pathway through FAK activation. In addition, CTGF induction was Smad-independent and PYK2-dependent. Furthermore, RhoA activation was essential for TGF-β-mediated CTGF induction, evidenced by using ROCK inhibitor and dominant negative RhoA expression. We identified that TGF-β1-induced activation of PYK2-Src-RhoA triad leads to YAP/TAZ activation for CTGF induction in liver fibrosis. These findings provide new insights into the role of focal adhesion molecules in liver fibrogenesis, and targeting PYK2 may be an attractive target for developing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

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Selonsertib Alleviates the Progression of Rat Osteoarthritis: An in vitro and in vivo Study

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.687033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jiyuan Yan ◽

Yingchi Zhang ◽

Gaohong Sheng ◽

Bowei Ni ◽

Yifan Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Cartilage Degradation ◽

Degenerative Joint Disease ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Exact Role

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease. Its development is highly associated with inflammatory response and apoptosis in chondrocytes. Selonsertib (Ser), the inhibitor of Apoptosis Signal-regulated kinase-1 (ASK1), has exhibited multiple therapeutic effects in several diseases. However, the exact role of Ser in OA remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the anti-arthritic effects as well as the potential mechanism of Ser on rat OA. Our results showed that Ser could markedly prevent the IL-1β-induced inflammatory reaction, cartilage degradation and cell apoptosis in rat chondrocytes. Meanwhile, the ASK1/P38/JNK and NFκB pathways were involved in the protective roles of Ser. Furthermore, intra-articular injection of Ser could significantly alleviate the surgery induced cartilage damage in rat OA model. In conclusion, our work provided insights into the therapeutic potential of Ser in OA, indicating that Ser might serve as a new avenue in OA treatment.

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The Role of Cyclodextrins in the Design and Development of Triterpene-Based Therapeutic Agents

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23020736 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 736

Author(s):

Alexandra Prodea ◽

Alexandra Mioc ◽

Christian Banciu ◽

Cristina Trandafirescu ◽

Andreea Milan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Solubility ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Starch Derivatives ◽

Solubility Enhancers ◽

Low Solubility

Triterpenic compounds stand as a widely investigated class of natural compounds due to their remarkable therapeutic potential. However, their use is currently being hampered by their low solubility and, subsequently, bioavailability. In order to overcome this drawback and increase the therapeutic use of triterpenes, cyclodextrins have been introduced as water solubility enhancers; cyclodextrins are starch derivatives that possess hydrophobic internal cavities that can incorporate lipophilic molecules and exterior surfaces that can be subjected to various derivatizations in order to improve their biological behavior. This review aims to summarize the most recent achievements in terms of triterpene:cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and bioconjugates, emphasizing their practical applications including the development of new isolation and bioproduction protocols, the elucidation of their underlying mechanism of action, the optimization of triterpenes’ therapeutic effects and the development of new topical formulations.

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Crianças com incontinência urinária: impacto na convivência dos familiares

Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line ◽

10.5205/1981-8963-v12i7a234837p2061-2073-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 2061

Author(s):

Ivanda Araújo Matias Issa de Oliveira ◽

Cristiane Feitosa Salviano ◽

Gisele Martins

Keyword(s):

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Family Members ◽

Health Science ◽

Related Family ◽

Calidad De Vida ◽

Family Routine ◽

As Stress ◽

The Impact

RESUMOObjetivo: Identificar fatores que impactam na convivência dos familiares de crianças com incontinência urinária. Método: Estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa, com busca de artigos no mês de setembro de 2017, nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE e CINAHL. Considerou-se o recorte temporal de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2017, utilizando os Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS) controlados e não controlados no idioma inglês e português. Resultados: Foram incluídos 11 artigos, publicados entre 2012 e 2016, destacando-se três categorias: 1) O nível educacional dos pais como um fator de impacto; 2) O impacto na qualidade de vida dos familiares; e 3) As mudanças que impactam no cotidiano familiar. Conclusões: A incontinência urinária afeta a rotina familiar e pode provocar transtornos psicológicos como estresse, ansiedade e depressão nas crianças e em seus familiares. Houve escassez de produções que relacionassem a percepção do familiar ante a incontinência urinária diurna e fecal com o nível escolar dos pais. Evidencia-se o papel do enfermeiro que atua em uropediatria sobre a importância da compreensão da convivência familiar, a fim de contribuir com o delinear de orientações voltadas para a educação e compreensão das experiências vividas pelos cuidadores. Descritores: Incontinência Urinária; Família; Cuidadores; Crianças; Enurese; Incontinência Urinária por Estresse.ABSTRACTObjective: To identify factors that have an impact on the coexistence of family members of children with urinary incontinence. Method: Bibliographic, descriptive, integrative review type study with search of articles in September 2017, in LILACS, BDENF, MEDLIN, and CINAHL databases. We considered the temporal cut from January 2012 to December 2017, using controlled and uncontrolled Health Science Descriptors (DeCS) in English and Portuguese. Results: We included 11 articles, published between 2012 and 2016, highlighting three categories: 1) The educational level of parents as an impact factor; 2) The impact on the quality of life of family members; and 3) The changes that impact on daily family life. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence affects the family routine and can cause psychological disorders, such as stress, anxiety, and depression in children and their family members. There was a shortage of productions that related family members' perceptions of diurnal urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence to the parents' education level. The role of nurses working in pediatric urology was evident with respect to the importance of understanding family coexistence in order to contribute to the delineation of guidelines aimed at the education and understanding of caregivers' experiences. Descriptors: Urinary Incontinence; Family; Caregivers; Children; Enuresis; Urinary Incontinence Due to Stress.RESUMENObjetivo: Identificar factores que impactan en la convivencia de los familiares de niños con incontinencia urinaria. Método: Estudio bibliográfico, descriptivo, tipo revisión integradora, con búsqueda de artículos en el mes de septiembre de 2017, en las bases de datos LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE y CINAHL. Fue considerado el recorte temporal de enero de 2012 a diciembre de 2017, utilizando los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) controlados y no controlados en idioma Inglés y portugués. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 artículos publicados entre 2012 y 2016, destacándose tres categorías: 1) El nivel educativo de los padres como un factor de impacto; 2) El impacto en la calidad de vida de los familiares; y 3) Los cambios que impactan en el cotidiano familiar. Conclusiones: La incontinencia urinaria afecta la rutina familiar y puede provocar trastornos psicológicos como estrés, ansiedad y depresión en los niños y en sus familiares. Hubo escasez de producciones que relacionaran la percepción de los familiares ante la incontinencia urinaria diurna e incontinencia fecal con el nivel escolar de los padres. Se evidencia el papel del enfermero que actúa en urología pediátrica con respecto a la importancia de la comprensión de la convivencia familiar, a fin de contribuir con el delinear de orientaciones sobre la educación y comprensión de las experiencias vividas por los cuidadores. Descriptores: Incontinencia Urinaria; Familia; Cuidadores; Niños; Enuresis; Incontinencia Urinaria por Estrés.

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Visions and Directions

Socio-Technical Knowledge Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-549-8.ch022 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 297-312

Author(s):

Meliha Handzic

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Management ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Systematic Approach ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Complete Picture ◽

Research And Practice ◽

Management Concepts ◽

The Impact ◽

Theoretical Foundations

The book starts with an introduction to theoretical foundations of knowledge management concepts, proceeds with a series of empirical studies on the role of technology in knowledge management, followed by studies of socially orientated knowledge management solutions. The book ends with the discussion of major issues and challenges for knowledge management research and practice. With its integrated and systematic approach, the book makes a small but important step in helping individuals and organisations to get an objective and complete picture of the role of social and technical initiatives in knowledge management based on formal and sound empirical research. More importantly, the book shows that the impact of various initiatives is highly contingent upon the context in which the knowledge is generated, transferred, and used. This may help managers to choose more suitable solutions to turn their intangible assets into tangible outcomes.

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