scholarly journals The effect of infrared drying to the microstructural structure and texture of whole Duku intact skin by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique

10.5219/1234 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 292-299
Author(s):  
Laila Rahmawati ◽  
Daniel Saputra ◽  
Kaprawi Sahim ◽  
Gatot Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Infrared Emitter ◽  
Infrared Method ◽  
Visual Depiction ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Infrared method has the potential to extend the shelf life of duku fruit by drying the duku’s skin into "shell likeness". Duku’s skin drying using infrared method could change the shape and characteristics of duku’s skin which would significantly affect the length of fruit shelf life. The texture of duku’s skin for the treatment of infrared emitter distance of 6 cm, temperature of 400 °C and exposure time of 80 seconds was increasing with the storage time which made the fruit inside the skin to experience a passive modified atmosphere and increase the shelf life of duku. The 3D visual depiction of the optimization result on drying process using infrared had the largest porosity and cavity value in the treatment of infrared emitter distance of 10 cm, temperature of 300 °C, and exposure time of 80 seconds. At the magnification of 2500 times, with a resolution of 10 mm, it was found that the porosity and thickness of the duku’s void were greater than duku fruit without treatment. The result of the porosity also found that drying process with the infrared emitter distance of 6 cm at temperature of 400 °C, and exposure time of 80 seconds has more stable porosity (without collapsing) which confirmed the result found on the texture of the skin. The results of scanning electron microscopy analysis and 3D visual analysis confirmed the results of optimization that had previously performed in the drying process of duku fruit using infrared method.

scholarly journals A 3D illustrative of scanning electron microscopy on dried duku microstructural evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Laila Rahmawati ◽  
Daniel Saputra ◽  
Kaprawi Sahim ◽  
Gatot Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Evaluation ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Scanning Electron

The previous research showed that the duku’s peel which dried using infrared radiation could extend the shelf life up to 25 days. The aims of this study to illustrate using 3D visual analysis on microstructural of dried duku’s peel that had dried using infrared radiation. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique with magnifications of x100, x500, and x2500, resolution of 10 μm, 50 μm, and 100 μm in dried duku’s peel using infrared radiation at a distance of infrared emitter (IRE) 6 cm and 10 cm with an exposure temperature of 300°C for 60 s. The 3D visual illustration using Mountain Maps Program shows the porosity value on 6 cm distance of IRE, with 300°C of IRE temperature and 60 s of exposure time has 90,91%, while the 10 cm distances of IRE, 300°C of IRE temperature and 60 s of exposure time has 146,95%. It could conclude that from 3D illustrative of SEM by reconstructing a single image into pseudo-color view and a profile curve produced at drying distance of 6 cm, 300°C, and 60 s has lower porosity value, and more stable contour when compared to drying with a distance of 10 cm, 300°C, 6 s, and control treatment. This condition could confirm the previous research. The duku’s peel microtexture condition which was exposed by IRE could create a dry condition as shell-likeness that could maintain the fruit quality and prolong the shelf life.

scholarly journals Behavior in the electric current curve by changing the anodizing area

Respuestas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Henry Mauricio-Mateus ◽  
José Barba-Ortega ◽  
Miryam Rincón-Joya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Chemical Solution ◽  
Current Curve ◽  
Circular Arrangement ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, we studied the change in the electric current and the length of the nanotubes depending on the area and the exposure time in the anodizing process. Over time the anodizing area was changed with a rate of 0.5 cm2 to 2.5 cm2 using a total anodizing time of 60 min, using a chemical solution (2ml  /3 ml /0.30g ) and maintaining a constant anodizing voltage equal to 20 V. The behavior in the nanostructures was recorded by the evolution of the current density as a function of the anodizing time. The morphology of the nanostructures was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the use of the Imagej program. The size, length and diameter of the titanium nanostructures are obtained. The sample that presented the best behavior was that of an anodizing area of ​​1.5 cm2  and an anodizing time of 36 min. This presents a surface where open nanotubes are observed in the upper part with a vertical length of 0.23 μm and a pattern thereof organized in a circular arrangement with a diameter of 0.035 μm. It was observed that increasing the area under these anodizing conditions decreased the length of the nanotubes. The mobility of the loads was always greater with the area of ​​exposure, which is observed in the increase of the current

scholarly journals Pilot investigation into osteotome hard surface coating and cutting-edge degradation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David White ◽  
Jim Bartley ◽  
Christopher Whittington ◽  
Lorenzo M. G. Garcia ◽  
Kaushik Chand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Edge Sharpness ◽  
Blade Edge ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract BackgroundOsteotomes are bone cutting tools commonly reused in orthopedic surgical procedures. Despite undergoing rigorous cleaning, visual inspection and sterilization procedures between every use, the condition of the cutting blade edge is commonly not qualitatively assessed. Subjective feedback from surgeons suggests a large variation in osteotome cutting edge sharpness is found during use. This study seeks to investigate the retention of osteotome cutting-edge sharpness by comparing the wear resistance of as-supplied, electroless nickel, and titanium nitride coated osteotomes following a series of bone cutting tests.MethodsChanges in edge sharpness were assessed using visual inspection, depth penetration testing that quantified change in the blade sharpness index and scanning electron microscopy visual analysis. Visual inspection of each osteotome blade edge was then compared to qualitative blade sharpness index measurement.ResultsAfter use, no cutting-edge damage or change in blade sharpness was detected by visual examination of all three osteotomes however the as-supplied osteotome demonstrated 50% loss of blade sharpness index compared to 30% and 15% reduction for the electroless nickel and titanium nitride coated osteotomes respectively. This finding was supported by scanning electron microscopy evaluation that found greater mechanical damage had occurred along the cutting-edge of the as-supplied osteotome compared to the two coated with wear resistant materials.ConclusionsThe rapid loss of blade sharpness found in the as-supplied osteotome supports the degradation in cutting performance frequently reported by surgeons. The findings from this study demonstrates blade sharpness index better detects cutting edge wear compared to visual inspection. Results from this pilot study also suggest the coating of osteotomes in hard-wearing biocompatible materials assists in retaining cutting edge sharpness over multiple uses. Further study using a larger sample size is required to validate these findings.

scholarly journals Influence of Strong Acid Hydrolysis Processing on the Thermal Stability and Crystallinity of Cellulose Isolated from Wheat Straw

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chemar J. Huntley ◽  
Kristy D. Crews ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdalla ◽  
Albert E. Russell ◽  
Michael L. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cellulose extractions from wheat straw via hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric acid hydrolysis methods were carried out. X-ray diffraction spectral analyses reveal that depending on the acid conditions used the structure of the cellulose exhibited a mixture of polymorphs (i.e., CI and CIII cellulose phases). In addition, the percent crystallinity, diameter, and length of the cellulose fibers varied tremendously as determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal gravimetric analysis measurements revealed that the thermal stability of the extracted cellulose varied as a function of the acid strength and conditions used. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the aggregation of cellulose fibers during the drying process is strongly dependent upon the drying process and strength of the acids used.

scholarly journals Impact of Indocyanine Green Concentration, Exposure Time, and Degree of Dissolution in Creating Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome: Evaluation in a Rabbit Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Tandogan ◽  
Ramin Khoramnia ◽  
Gerd Uwe Auffarth ◽  
Michael Janusz Koss ◽  
Chul Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Ultrasound Pachymetry ◽  
Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome ◽  
Scanning Electron

Purpose. To investigate the role of indocyanine green (ICG) dye as a causative material of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) in an experimental rabbit model.Method. Eight eyes of four rabbits were allocated to this study. Capsular staining was performed using ICG dye, after which the anterior chamber was irrigated with a balanced salt solution. The effects of different concentrations (control, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0%), exposure times (10 and 60 seconds), and the degree of dissolution (differently vortexed) were investigated. The analysis involved anterior segment photography, ultrasound pachymetry, prostaglandin assay (PGE2Parameter Assay, R&D systems, Inc.), and scanning electron microscopy of each iris.Result. There was no reaction in the control eye. A higher aqueous level of PGE2and more severe inflammatory reaction were observed in cases of eyes with higher concentration, longer exposure time, and poorly dissolved dye. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy revealed larger and coarser ICG particles.Conclusion. TASS occurrence may be associated with the concentration, exposure time, and degree of dissolution of ICG dye during cataract surgery.

Effect of maltodextrin reduction and native agave fructans addition on the physicochemical properties of spray-dried mango and pineapple juices

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darvin E Jimenez-Sánchez ◽  
Montserrat Calderón-Santoyo ◽  
Rosa I Ortiz-Basurto ◽  
Pedro U Bautista-Rosales ◽  
Juan A Ragazzo-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Spherical Powder ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effects of the partial replacement of maltodextrin by native agave fructans on the characteristics of spray-dried pineapple and mango powder were evaluated in this study. An experimental 33 design, three concentrations of maltodextrin (5, 7, and 10%), three concentrations of native agave fructans (0, 2, and 4%), and three feed temperatures (110, 115, and 120  ℃) were used. The results using the treatment in which only maltodextrin was used as a reference indicated that an increment in the inlet temperature decreases the moisture content, aw, and solubility. Likewise, an increase (more than 2%) in fructans concentration generates products with increased aw, moisture, hygroscopicity, wettability, and greater solubility. Additionally, no modification of storage stability was observed. Mango and pineapple powder color were affected mainly by the inlet temperature, causing an increase in luminosity (L*) and a decrease in parameter ( a*). A scanning electron microscopy showed spherical powder particles with certain contractions; powder stability in treatments with native agave fructans was not modified in the treatment at 2%. Finally, the addition of 2% agave fructans as carrier material was able to reduce the maltodextrin concentration of the spray drying process.

scholarly journals APLIKASI BIONANOKOMPOSIT PEKTIN-NANOPARTIKEL ZnO UNTUK MEMPERPANJANG UMUR SIMPAN BUAH BELIMBING (Averrhoa carambola L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Annisa Kamil
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Star Fruit ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Scanning Electron

Belimbing (Averrhoa carambola L.) merupakan salah satu buah tropis yang mempunyai umur simpan yang pendek yaitu sekitar 2-3 hari. Masalah yang terjadi pada buah belimbing saat distribusi adalah karena faktor benturan dan penyakit yang dapat merusak buah belimbing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi penambahan pektin dan nanopartikel ZnO (NP-ZnO) terbaik dalam pembuatan bionanokomposit untuk mempertahankan kesegaran buah belimbing dewa sampai waktunya dikonsumsi. Nanopartikel disintesis dengan metode presipitasi pada suhu pemanasan 80°C selama 2 jam dan ditanur pada suhu 500°C selama 5 jam. Nanopartikel yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Pembuatan bionanokomposit dilakukan dengan 4 taraf yaitu Pektin 1%+ZnO 0% (P1Z0), Pektin 1%+ZnO 1%(P1Z1), Pektin 1.5%+ZnO 0%(P1.5Z0) dan Pektin1.5%+ZnO 1%(P1.5Z1). Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel ZnO telah terbentuk dengan adanya puncak pada panjang gelombang 474 cm-1 dan mempunyai morfologi bulat ketika dianalisis menggunakan SEM. Aplikasi bionanokomposit pada buah belimbing efektif dalam menurunkan susut bobot yang ditunjukkan pada perlakuan P1.5Z1 yang memiliki susut bobot paling rendah yaitu sebesar 21.42% pada hari kedelapan penyimpanan. Pada analisis kestabilan warna terlihat bahwa pada perlakuan P1.5Z0 mempunyai nilai browning indeks paling rendah yaitu 290.62 pada hari kedelapan penyimpanan. Dari penampakan fisik buah belimbing terlihat bahwa belimbing yang dilapisi dengan bionanokomposit pektin+ZnO mempunyai daya tahan terhadap penyakit yang lebih baik, terlihat dari tidak terjadi kerusakan fisik yang disebabkan oleh kapang sampai hari kedelapan penyimpanan. ABSTRACT: Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is a tropical fruit that has a short shelf life of around 2-3 days. The problem of star fruit distribution is due to collision factors and diseases that can damage the star fruit. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best concentration of addition of pectin and ZnO nanoparticles (NP-ZnO) in the manufacture of bionanocomposite to maintain the freshness of the star fruit until the time was consumed. Nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation method at a heating temperature of 80° C for 2 hours and calcinated at 500 ° C for 5 hours. The nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The production of bionanocomposite was carried out with 4 levels namely Pectin 1% + ZnO 0% (P1Z0), Pectin 1% + ZnO 1% (P1Z1), Pectin 1.5% + ZnO 0% (P1.5Z0) and Pectin 1.5 + ZnO 1% ( P1.5Z1). The results of FTIR analysis showed that ZnO nanoparticles had been formed with the presence of peaks at a wavelength of 474 cm-1 and had spherical morphology when analyzed using SEM. Bionanocomposite application in star fruit was effective in reducing the weight loss shown in treatment P1.5Z1 which had the lowest weight loss, which was 21.42% on the eighth day of storage. From the physical appearance of star fruit it was seen that starfruit coated with bionanocomposite pectin + ZnO had better disease resistance, as seen from no physical damage caused by molds until the eighth day of storage. Keywords: Star fruit, ZnO nanoparticles, bionanocomposite, shelf life, antimicrobial

Pathogenesis of Human Hair Defects

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
P.S. Porter ◽  
T. Aoyagi ◽  
R. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Using standard techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), over 1000 human hair defects have been studied. In several of the defects, the pathogenesis of the abnormality has been clarified using these techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to present several distinct morphologic abnormalities of hair and to discuss their pathogenesis as elucidated through techniques of scanning electron microscopy.

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

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