Influence of Carbon Black on Processability of Rubber Stocks. II. Extrusion Shrinkage

1979 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Cotten
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Extrusion Pressure ◽  
Molecular Relaxation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Relaxation Temperature ◽  
Good Uniformity ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Satisfactory Prediction ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Extrusion shrinkage is caused by molecular relaxation of polymer after exit from the die. The rate of molecular relaxation is extremely rapid and under the present experimental conditions, 80% of limiting extrusion shrinkage, L∞, is reached in less than 10 sec. The dependence of extrusion shrinkage L, on time t may be expressed by an empirical equation: L=L∞(1−kt−n) where k and n are constants. An increase in relaxation temperature increases values of L∞ and decreases n, while increase in shear rate decreases constant k. As found previously, extrusion shrinkage, L∞, is related to shear stress. Maintaining a good uniformity of product in factory extrusion may be accomplished by controlling extrusion pressure as well as by speeding up and controlling the process of molecular relaxation. The latter goal may be attained by maintaining the extrudate at an elevated temperature for about 2 min, and controlling that temperature within narrow limits. The results show the importance of defining extrusion conditions, including extrusion pressure and the temperature at which the extrudate is allowed to relax. The feasibility of rapid measurements (i.e., within ca. 1 min) of extrusion shrinkage using a laser beam detection system was demonstrated, and a good correlation was found with results obtained by conventional (weighing) method. The concept of occluded rubber and its effect on extrusion shrinkage was reexamined and found to provide a very satisfactory prediction of extrusion shrinkage of SBR compounds containing a wide selection of carbon blacks.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Pleistocene Bone: Toward Criteria for the Selection of Samples

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 969-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Detection System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Selection Of

Amino acid composition data and stable isotope ratios (14N, D, and13C) are being evaluated as sources of information to indicate the presence of non-indigenous organics in bone samples intended for 14C analyses. The study is being conducted in the context of the planned measurement of Pleistocene bone samples by a high energy mass spectrometric 14C detection system.

Improved Defect Classification Techniques of a Laser Scattering Detection System for Post CMP Silicon Dioxide Wafers

2007 ◽  
Vol 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mateja ◽  
Toshi Kasai ◽  
Michael Denham ◽  
Haresh Siriwardane
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
Scattering Geometry ◽  
Scattering Technique ◽  
Light Scattering Technique

ABSTRACTA laser light scattering technique was used for the identification of defects on silicon dioxide (SiO2) wafers polished with a tungsten CMP slurry. Defects were then classified as scratches and particles using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of the incident beam illumination and scattering geometry on the defect detection are examined. Appropriate experimental conditions for selective detection of scratches and particles are discussed in conjunction with the estimated defect count and fractional ratio for specific defect types and sizes. The findings are qualitatively consistent with predicted light scattering distributions simulated from silicon bare substrates.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the KDD99 and UNSW-NB15 Datasets for the Intrusion Detection System

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Muataz Salam Al-Daweri ◽  
Khairul Akram Zainol Ariffin ◽  
Salwani Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Firham Efendy Md. Senan
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Intrusion Detection System ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Back Propagation Neural Network ◽  
Selection Of

The significant increase in technology development over the internet makes network security a crucial issue. An intrusion detection system (IDS) shall be introduced to protect the networks from various attacks. Even with the increased amount of works in the IDS research, there is a lack of studies that analyze the available IDS datasets. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the relevance of the features in the KDD99 and UNSW-NB15 datasets. Three methods were employed: a rough-set theory (RST), a back-propagation neural network (BPNN), and a discrete variant of the cuttlefish algorithm (D-CFA). First, the dependency ratio between the features and the classes was calculated, using the RST. Second, each feature in the datasets became an input for the BPNN, to measure their ability for a classification task concerning each class. Third, a feature-selection process was carried out over multiple runs, to indicate the frequency of the selection of each feature. From the result, it indicated that some features in the KDD99 dataset could be used to achieve a classification accuracy above 84%. Moreover, a few features in both datasets were found to give a high contribution to increasing the classification’s performance. These features were present in a combination of features that resulted in high accuracy; the features were also frequently selected during the feature selection process. The findings of this study are anticipated to help the cybersecurity academics in creating a lightweight and accurate IDS model with a smaller number of features for the developing technologies.

scholarly journals High-Precision Noncontact Guided Wave Tomographic Imaging of Plate Structures Using a DHB Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4360
Author(s):  
Junpil Park ◽  
Jaesun Lee ◽  
Zong Le ◽  
Younho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plate Structures ◽  
Wide Range

The safety diagnostic inspection of large plate structures, such as nuclear power plant containment liner plates and aircraft wings, is an important issue directly related to the safety of life. This research intends to present a more quantitative defect imaging in the structural health monitoring (SHM) technique by using a wide range of diagnostic techniques using guided ultrasound. A noncontact detection system was applied to compensate for such difficulties because direct access inspection is not possible for high-temperature and massive areas such as nuclear power plants and aircraft. Noncontact systems use unstable pulse laser and air-coupled transducers. Automatic detection systems were built to increase inspection speed and precision and the signal was measured. In addition, a new Difference Hilbert Back Projection (DHB) algorithm that can replace the reconstruction algorithm for the probabilistic inspection of damage (RAPID) algorithm used for imaging defects has been successfully applied to quantitative imaging of plate structure defects. Using an automatic detection system, the precision and detection efficiency of data collection has been greatly improved, and the same results can be obtained by reducing errors in experimental conditions that can occur in repeated experiments. Defects were made in two specimens, and comparative analysis was performed to see if each algorithm can quantitatively represent defects in multiple defects. The new DHB algorithm presented the possibility of observing and predicting the growth direction of defects through the continuous monitoring system.

Expert System for EPMA

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
C. Fournier ◽  
C. Merlet ◽  
P.F. Staub ◽  
O. Dugne
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sample Composition ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Accuracy Of Results ◽  
Short Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

Analysis parameters for an electron microprobe are numerous, and the accuracy of the quantitative analysis is very sensitive to the selection of these experimental conditions. The expert system intends to optimize the choice of each analysis parameter as well as to automate the phases of a quantitative analysis on all kinds of materials. To summarise, the aim of the expert system is to simplify the procedures, improve the accuracy of results and control the analysis time. The figure 1 illustrates the various stages of the expert system.The starting point of the expert system is an interactive questionnaire concerning the sample,( ie, what is already known), and about the expectations on the analysis,( ie, the accuracy of the results and/or the duration of the analysis required by the operator). Then, the expert system performs a semi-quantitative analysis on the sample. Based on the acquisition of a wavelength qualitative spectrum, this method is a way to obtain the sample composition in a short time with the advantages of the WDS system, and with a reasonable accuracy.

Utilizing ultrafiltration to remove alkaline phosphatase from clinical analyzer water

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Bôle ◽  
Stéphane Mabic
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) conjugated to antibodies is often used in enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). These assays are notably sensitive to experimental conditions. A possible source of interference is bacterial ALP, which is released when bacterial contamination occurs in clinical analyzers. Preliminary experiments led to the selection of a detection kit, ALP source, and specific types of tubes for collecting water samples and performing assays. The release of ALP from various strains of bacteria identified in pure water was demonstrated (10–30×10

Tests of an Improved Rotating Stall Control System on a J-85 Turbojet Engine

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Ludwig ◽  
J. P. Nenni
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Rotating Stall ◽  
The Past ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Stall Control ◽  
Selection Of

An improved version of a rotating stall control system has been tested successfully on a J-85-B turbojet engine. Past tests had pointed out the desirability of increasing the response speed of the control. In this study, the installation of the stall control on the J-85 was modified so as to decrease the response time of the control by a factor of ten over that attained in the past tests. The modified control was tested to see if the decreased response time improved the ability to clear rotating stall once it has started, and also to see if rotating stall could be anticipated and prevented by proper selection of the variables in the stall control detection system. The performance of the stall control was tested by closing the bleed doors on the engine until rotating stall occurred or until the control anticipated stall and held the bleed doors open. The tests showed that the control is capable of anticipating stall before it occurs and keeping the engine completely clear of stall at speeds up to 80 percent of design speed. No tests were performed above 80 percent of design speed because opening the bleed doors at such speeds might aggravate the stall rather than clear it.

Dorsal Light Response as an Index of Prey Preference in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1860-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Vinyard ◽  
W. John O’brien
Keyword(s):  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Prey Preference ◽  
Planktivorous Fish ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Comparison Of Results ◽  
Prey Length ◽  
Actual Selection ◽  
Selection Of

An apparatus utilizing the variation in the dorsal light response of sight-feeding planktivorous fish when exposed to prey of various lengths, was used to measure the predator’s interest in particular prey. Comparison of results with actual selection of prey by fish under experimental conditions confirms the importance of prey length in determining the preference of these predators.

On Sex Variations in Excitation Process Composition

1929 ◽  
Vol 75 (311) ◽  
pp. 693-696
Author(s):  
W. Burridge
Keyword(s):  
Excitation Process ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Process Composition ◽  
Selection Of

Physiologists, when experimenting with the frog, customarily make selection of one sex. This, being done to ensure constancy of experimental conditions, presumes the possible existence of a sexual modification of results—a presumption I find justified, for, having over many years simply selected the frog of largest size, which one day was male and another female, I can record the following variations of results according to sex.

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