scholarly journals New data regarding the Kilia fortress

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Mariana Slapac ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Xviii Century ◽  
Gable Roof ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Water Gate ◽  
Russian State

Kilia medieval fortress, now non-existant, consisted of a stone citadel attributed to the Genoese, an outer belt of fortifications, built under Stephen the Great, and an Ottoman bastion fortress, designed and built in the end of the XVIII century. This article examines two documents referring to the Kilia fortress, discovered by the author in the Russian State Military-Historical Archive of Moscow. The first document is an undated plan for a Turkish bastion fortress developed, most likely, by the French engineer François Kauffer. The figure shows the Ottoman-Turkish names of bastions (Agha Bastion, Pasha Bastion, Unique/Unusual Bastion), gates (Stone Gate, Gate with a portcullis, Water Gate, Agha Gate), stone buildings (Sultan Bayezid’s Mosque), etc. The second document, also undated, shows four images of a stone fortress, built by the Moldovans. The iconographic source offers information on the layout of some towers (rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal and complex), the tower’s shape (prismatic with four, six and eight sides; cylindrical; with a rizalit; with an upper console floor, ending in the form of a turret), the shape of the roofs (hipped with four slopes, six and eight slopes, conical, gable roof or gable one with a ridge), the shape of the merlons (simple rectangular, rectangular with a gable ending located longitudinally or transversely), etc.

scholarly journals The Armenian Apostolic Church in the Politics of the Russian Empire: the Search for an Administrative Optimum

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-93
Author(s):  
Amiran Urushadze
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Political Interaction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial Politics ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Scholarly Discourse ◽  
First Time

The article analyzes governmental debates on the functions, rights and privileges of the Armenian Catholicoi in the context of inter-institutional controversies. The author attempts to identify and analyze the most influential programmes for solving the “Echmiadzin issue” and their origins presenting at the same time certain aspects of political interaction between the Russian Empire and the Armenian Church as overlapping processes and related events. The history of relationships between Russian state and Armenian Church in XIX–XX centuries shows that different actors of the imperial politics had different ideas about the optimal model of cooperation with Echmiadzin. The divisions took place not only between the various departments (the Ministry of Internal Affairs versus the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), but also within them, where individual officials could hold “anti-departmental” views in each particular case. All this hindered administrative consolidation, slowed down the empire's response to important political challenges and dragged the imperial structures into protracted service-hierarchical confrontations. The “Etchmiadzin Question” and the governmental discussions around it show in part the administrative paralysis of the autocracy and the decompensation of the system of power in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. The article employs a rich documentary base of archival materials from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive. These materials are introduced into the scholarly discourse for the first time ever.

Analysis of the Structure of the City Budget of the Last Third of the 19th — Early 20th Century (Based on the Materials of the Tashkent City Self-Government)

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Sabira Iusupova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The City

This article deals with the problem of the financial situation of Tashkent in the last third of the 19th — early 20th century on the basis of the materials of the office documentation of the Tashkent city self-government. These materials are contained in the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, reflected on the pages of the pre-revolutionary local periodical. Based on the analysis of the income and expenditure estimates, the budget structure, sources of funds and their distribution are shown. The main problems in the financial sphere are identified, related to violations of the established deadline for the provision and approval of the city budget, with arrears, abuses of individual officials, which negatively affected the financial situation of the city. But despite these difficulties, some successes of the Tashkent city self-government in the socio-economic development of the city are noted.

Russian Meteorological Investigations in China in the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Feklova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Scientific Network ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of the Russian Magneto-Meteorological Observatory (RMMO) in Beijing has not been extensively researched. Sources for this information are Russian (the Russian State Historical Archive, Saint Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences, Russian National Library) and Chinese (the First Historical Archive of Beijing, the Library of the Shanghai Zikavey Observatory) archives. These archival materials can be scientifically and methodologically analyzed. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Russian Orthodox Mission (ROM) was founded in the territory of Beijing. Existing until 1955, the ROM performed an important role in the development of Russian–Chinese relations. Russian scientists could only work in Beijing through the ROM due to China’s policy of fierce self-isolation. The ROM became the center of Chinese academic studies and the first training school for Russian sinologists. From its very beginning, it was considered not only a church or diplomatic mission but a research center in close cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences. In this context, the RMMO made important weather investigations in China and the Far East in the 19th century. The RMMO, as well as its branch stations in China and Mongolia, part of a scientific network, represented an important link between Europe and Asia and was probably the largest geographical scientific network in the world at that time.

scholarly journals Graphics heritage by P.I. Sokolov. The dawn of artistic education in Russia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Геннадьевна Желнова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Art ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
Imperial Art

Статья посвящена графическому наследию Петра Ивановича Соколова (1753–1791) – академика исторической живописи и преподавателя Императорской Академии художеств. В наши дни известно свыше 70 рисунков художника, находящихся в фондах научно-исследовательского музея Российской академии художеств, Русского музея и Третьяковской галереи. Важной частью биографии Соколова было преподавание в Академии художеств и улучшение условий для занятий воспитанников. Данная статья содержит архивные материалы Российского государственного исторического архива Санкт-Петербурга. This article focuses on graphical legacy by P.I. Sokolov (1753–1791). He was academic of historical painting and professor of Imperial Art Academy. In our days we know about more 70 drawings by Sokolov. It is resides in scientific-researches museum of Russian Art academy, State Russian museum and State Tretyakov gallery. Important part of his biography was teaching in Imperial Academy of Arts. In these days he improves conditions for students. This article contains archive materials of Russian State historical archive of St. Petersburg.

scholarly journals “A Rare Creature, in Mind, in Heart, in Character” (a Relative of Dostoevsky From Siberia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-200
Author(s):  
Tatyana Panyukova
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Central State ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Exact Date ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Textual Description ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Family

The article presents the unknown facts in the biographies of people in the family circle of F. M. Dostoevsky: his sister-in-law Olga Kirillovna Snitkina and her mother Nadezhda Ivanovna Obraszhova. His first acquaintance with them belongs to the Dresden period of the writer's life (1869–1870). The sparse information that is currently available about their lives was drawn mainly from Dostoevsky's correspondence with his wife and belongs to a later period. Based on a systematic analysis of the preserved correspondence of the Snitkin family (relatives of the writer's wife), memoirs of contemporaries, genealogical and local history materials, as well as archival searches, their biographies were reconstructed, several unknown documentary sources were introduced into scientific circulation (stored in the Fund of the Department of Heraldry of the Russian State Historical Archive and in the Fund of the St. Petersburg Spiritual Consistory of the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg), the exact date (May 17, 1873), and the place of birth of one of Anna Grigoryevna Dostoevskaya's nephews — Vanya Snitkin, as well as the maiden name of his mother Olga Kirillovna (née Maryina) were established. The study showed that the lineage of O. K. Snitkin and N. I. Obraszhovoy descends from Siberia and includes representatives of several famous merchant dynasties of the mid-XIX сentury. A brief textual description of the surviving correspondence between this branch of the Snitkin family and the Dostoevsky family is attached to the article.

scholarly journals THE KOLYVAN FACTORIES IN THE POLICY OF THE KUZNETSK VOIVODES IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Bobrov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
District Administrators ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Administrative Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of the areas of interaction between the Kuznetsk voivodes (governors) and proprietary estate managers of the A. N. Demidov’s Kolyvan factories in the second quarter of the XVIII century. The research is based on unpublished documents from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. The article features the reaction of the district administrators to the establishment and dynamics of the security system at copper smelteries in the interstream area between the Ob and the Irtysh. The system contradictions between the interests of civil authorities and A. N. Demidov’s managers are demonstrated by the example of the use of state-owned salt, as well as by the amenability of crimes. The resulting collisions and conflicts are considered as a consequence of the unregulated procedure of the relationship of the relevant administrative subject in lawmaking and administration. The author casts doubt on the popular opinion that there was no competition between the state and the proprietary basics in the development of the Upper Ob-Irtysh area. The author comes to a conclusion about the permanent aspiration of the Kuznetsk voivodes to expand their administrative influence on the estate managers of the Kolyvan-Voskresensky department.

scholarly journals Международно-правовое положение Внутренней Монголии на рубеже XIX–XX вв. глазами ее правителя (записка хорчинского князя Удая, 1910 г.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1496-1512
Author(s):  
Roman Yu. Pochekaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Chinese Peasant ◽  
Regional Authorities

Introduction. The article publishes and provides a historical legal analysis of one letter by Prince Uday, ruler of Khorchin Khoshun (Horqin Banner) in Inner Mongolia at the end of 19th – first quarter of 20th century, who sent it to Pyotr Stolypin, the Prime-Minister of the Russian Empire, in 1910. This letter is a part of a file kept in the Russian State Historical Archive (St. Petersburg, Russia) in original Mongolian as well as in its Russian translation. As is known, the document was not published before. Goals. The aim of research is to extract from the Uday’s note — the information on the international legal status of Inner Mongolia which is given from the local ruler’s point of view. Results. The results of the research confirm the value of the note as a source, although its author attempted to emphasize his own significance in the eyes of the Russian authorities. Coupled with materials of other contemporaries (Russian and Western diplomats, intelligence officers, missionaries, merchants and scientists) it allows to give an authentic view on the status of Inner Mongolia at the international scene at the edge of 19th – 20th centuries. The utmost interest should be paid to the dynamics of relations of rulers of Inner Mongolia with the Qing imperial authorities that initiated a forced colonization of Mongolian lands through resettlement of Chinese peasant colonists, changes in relations of Manchu administration and Mongol feudal lords with Russian regional authorities and merchants, as well as strengthening of the Japanese influence in the region.

scholarly journals Vasily Rozanov and Anatoly Aleksandrov: Personal and Literary Dialogue in the 1892 Correspondence

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 143-179
Author(s):  
Elena I. Goncharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Over Time

This is the first publication of eleven consecutive letters exchanged in 1892 by the profound Russian intellectual, philosopher and publicist Vasily Rozanov and Anatoly Aleksandrov, a modest poet and a budding journalist. The publication is accompanied by a study of the reasons for their relationship and of the initial stage of their spiritual rapprochement. Rozanov and Aleksandrov started their correspondence in 1892, both being devoted followers of the outstanding Russian religiousthinker Konstantin Leontiev and admirers of his intellectual heritage. Over time, their relationship changed significantly, but they maintained personal contacts until Rozanov’s death. Mainly thanks to Aleksandrov, the influential highranking official and patron of young neo-Slavophile talents, Terty Filippov, showed interest in Rozanov, wo then was still little known in Russian intellectual circles and served as an inconspicuous teacher in the provincial town of Bely (Smolensk province). Having acquired the support of their high-ranking patron, Aleksandrov and Rozanov considered 1892 to be a turning point for their social status: Aleksandrov was appointed chief editor of the journal Russkoe Obozrenie in Moscow, while Rozanov obtained the opportunity to move to St. Petersburg when Filippov promised to hire him for a small position in the State Control, where Filippov was the chief. The recently found unknown archival drafts of letters from Vassily Rozanov to Filippov and Filippov’s letters back to Rozanov (from the collection of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art) and also excerpts from Filippov's diary of 1892 (in the possession of the Russian State Historical Archive) are published and analyzed here. Changes in Rozanov’s views on some aspects of the philosophical work of Konstanstin Leontiev are also investigated.

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