scholarly journals Impact of land-acquisition induced resettlement policy on the ethnic household income in mountainous Vietnam

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Lam Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Anh Phong ◽  
Vu Huy Phuc ◽  
Pham Thi Thu Ha ◽  
Nguyen Mai Linh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
National Council ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Land acquisition and resettlement issues related to hydropower and irrigation works have always been one of the hot issues in Vietnam mountainous areas for many years. Although the Government has introduced many policies to ensure the rights of resettled people, as well as protect their lives, the effectiveness of these policies seems to be still insignificant, because many resettled people still face many difficulties in their daily life, especially income. The research is conducted within the project titled “The urgent issues in resettlement implementation for the ethnic minorities in Vietnam mountainous areas” and funded by National Council for Science and Technology Policy in 2016-2020 (CTDT/16-20) under Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs. Applying Likert-scale and Propensity Score Matching (PSM), this study shows that 34% of the resettled households have a lower income, specifically estimated to be 8.0 - 13.1 million VND/household/year or 1.7 - 3.0 million VND/person/year lower than the income of the controlled group. However, agricultural income is not significantly different between resettled households and controlled households. This article only focuses on clarifying the impact of the resettlement policy on the general income and agricultural income of ethnic minority households; while methods to create jobs, increase income, and reduce poverty sustainably for ethnic minority households in the resettlement sites should be conducted in another research in the future.

Financial and monetary policy of the State and its impact on the income level and poverty reduction in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-990
Author(s):  
N.I. Kulikov ◽  
V.L. Parkhomenko ◽  
Akun Anna Stefani Rozi Mobio
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Subject. We assess the impact of tight financial and monetary policy of the government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia on the level of household income and poverty reduction in Russia. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of financial and monetary policy in Russia and determine why the situation with household income and poverty has not changed for the recent six years, and the GDP growth rate in Russia is significantly lagging behind the global average. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis of scientific and information base, and synthesis of obtained data. The methodology and theoretical framework draw upon works of domestic and foreign scientists on economic and financial support to economy and population’s income. Results. We offer measures for liberalization of the financial and monetary policy of the government and the Central Bank to ensure changes in the structure of the Russian economy. The proposed alternative economic and financial policy of the State will enable the growth of real incomes of the population, poverty reduction by half by 2024, and annual GDP growth up to 6 per cent. Conclusions. It is crucial to change budget priorities, increase the salaries of public employees, introduce a progressive tax rate for individuals; to reduce the key rate to the value of annual inflation and limit the bank margin. The country needs a phased program to increase the population's income, which will ensure consumer demand.

Changes in Income Distribution in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Income inequality in Brazil, already high, increased after the military coup of 1964 and remained very high even after democratization in the 1980s. It decreased substantially in the period 2001–2014, after inflation was controlled. The Gini index of the per capita household income dropped from 0.594 in 2001 to 0.513 in 2014. The determinants of this decline in inequality are analyzed considering the components of that income and how each one affected changes in inequality, showing the impact of changes in the remuneration of private sector employees and in pensions paid by the government, as well as federal transfer programs. Changes in education lie behind the first of these effects, and the increase of the minimum wage reinforced all three. The economic crises after 2014 interrupted the process of decline, and among economically active persons, inequality even increased from 2014 to 2015. Measures to further reduce inequality are suggested.

scholarly journals Socio-economic risk factors of foreign land acquisition in a developing country

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-464
Author(s):  
Ujunwa Augustine ◽  
Chinwe Okoyeuzu ◽  
Anthony Igwe ◽  
Wilfred Isioma Ukpere
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
The Government ◽  
Congo Brazzaville ◽  
The Impact

Large investment in African land has generated serious interest among academicians, policy makers, international and local development agencies as well as civil organization. The debates centre on the phenomenal trajectory and the drivers of this investment in Africa. The inaccuracy or ambiguities in number of deals and institutional specificities has brought in the main, the need to undertake country by country study of foreign land deals in agricultural investment. To suggest vital information that will aid policy formulation and deliberation at country level, the study is on Congo-Brazzaville. This paper explores the factors that influenced foreign land acquisition in Congo, the impact of such investment on the host communities, and faults the decision of the government to make the attraction of foreign investment in agriculture a priority without fashioning out institutional framework that will regulate the investors and promote market discipline. Based on the above, the paper recommends strategies the government should earnestly pursue to mitigate the negativities of the investment and leverage on the benefits of commercial farming in the country, especially, in the area of skill transfer.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection on Households: Evidence From Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110624
Author(s):  
Hafiz Jaafar ◽  
Nur Amalina Abd Laziz ◽  
Muslimah Ithnin ◽  
Amirah Azzeri
Keyword(s):  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 infection resulted in significant economic implications to patients as well as a considerable financial burden to the general population for preventive measures. A descriptive study was conducted among staff at one of the public universities in Malaysia to estimate the monthly out-of-pocket expenditures for preventive measures used for COVID-19 infection. The study tool includes questions on household out-of-pocket expenditure and the measurements of the impact of the expenditure on household income. It was found that the average cumulative monthly expenditures related to the preventive measures were US$ 45.90 (Ringgit Malaysia 187.77), which was 4.3% of the household income. The highest expenditures were for traditional and complementary medicine followed by nutraceutical/supplements and disposable facemask. 8% of the households in this study incurred more than ten per cents of their monthly household income for expenditures related to COVID-19 preventive measures. Several households are experiencing substantial financial implications for preventive measures related to COVID-19 infection. This study highlights the out-of-pocket expenditures incurred for preventive measures were substantial for certain households. Effective initiatives from the government on providing subsidized protective personal equipment and a cost-sharing approach could help to alleviate the household financial burden.

scholarly journals Econometric Analyses of Adoption and Household-Level Impacts of Improved Rice Varieties in the Uplands of Yunnan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaiyu Wang ◽  
Sushil Pandey ◽  
Lu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Econometric Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Higher-yielding rice varieties adapted to the upland conditions of Yunnan were developed and disseminated during the late 1990s. Using cross-sectional farm-level data of 448 households collected from five prefectures in Southern Yunnan, this paper carries out an econometric analysis of the determinants of variations in the adoption of improved varieties among households and assesses the impact of adoption on rice income and total household income. The two major determinants of adoption were found to be the government programs for extension of improved upland rice varieties and for terracing of sloping fields. The presence of government programs for extension and for terracing contributed to increased adoption of improved varieties. Household-specific factors such as land and labor endowments were less important as these variables had a statistically insignificant impact on adoption. The adoption of improved rice varieties increased both rice income and the average household income. About half of the household income difference observed between the full adopters and non-adopters of improved rice varieties with comparable household characteristics can be attributed directly to the adoption. The results imply that increased investments in promoting improved rice varieties and terracing will generate additional income growth in the uplands of Yunnan.

scholarly journals Impact of Male Out-Migration on Women Left Behind: A Study of Two Villages in Uttar Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Government ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
The Impact

Male out-migration is the most often adopted strategy in rural areas to surmount risks associated with agriculture and to diversify income. There are various reasons for the increased exodus of labor from rural areas, such as underdevelopment, unemployment, less availability of non-farm jobs and population pressure. Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of male out-migrants. Male persistent absence has many repercussions on women left behind. Despite this, there is a dearth of literature on the impact of migration on women left behind. The current study tries to fill this void. The objective of the study is to look into various socioeconomic, psychological and political impacts of male out-migration on women left behind. To meet the objective, 100 women from migrant households were surveyed in two randomly selected villages of Uttar Pradesh using snowball methodology. The study found that the impact of male out-migration on women has both positive and negative facets. Migration has increased their household income, thereby increasing their social status in village. But economic gains are often offset by increased workload of women in household and agriculture. Although decision-making has empowered women, at the same time a lack of financial autonomy and an inability to take decisions on important matters impedes their empowerment. Insecurity and loneliness are other major issues, followed by a hindrance in access to entitlements. Women are more prone to physical, social and verbal abuse in the absence of men. Thus in order to reap positive benefits of out-migration, the government should empower women by providing them agriculture-related technical knowledge and should encourage a change in the mindset of communities.

Foreign Land Acquisition

2017 ◽  
pp. 1524-1545
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju E. Ajiboye ◽  
Olabisi S. Yusuff
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Land Acquisitions ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Quantitative Sample ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Land grabs, a recent phenomena, have been documented to have effects on the activities of the indigenous farmers. This chapter examines the impact of foreign land acquisitions on food security and food chain in Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were adopted. A total number of 250 respondents were included in the quantitative sample, and 20 In-Depth Interviews (IDI) were conducted with opinion leaders. The study found the nexus of interaction between foreign land acquisition, commercialization of agriculture, food security, and food chains in Nigeria. The study recommended that the government should not make the process of land acquisition too cumbersome for interested people or agencies to acquire; the government should make efforts to encourage interested local investors in large-scale farming to allow competition to increase food production as well as to sustain the agricultural sector of the national economy.

scholarly journals Research on the Impact of Land Circulation on the Income Gap of Rural Households: Evidence from CHIP

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Congjia Huo ◽  
Lingming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Land Circulation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

With the continued development of the economy, the income gap among Chinese rural households continues to widen. The land system plays a decisive role in developing “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” and land circulation is a factor in the increase in income inequality among farm households. Based on the 2013 China Household Income Project (CHIP), this article used the re-centered influence function (RIF) regression method to empirically test the impact of rural land circulation on the income gap of rural households in China in three regions: the central, eastern and western regions. The quantile regression tested the impact mechanism of income inequality of rural households from the perspective of labor mobility and land circulation. The empirical results showed that land circulation increases the income inequality of rural households. The theoretical mechanism test proved that the dynamic relationship between land circulation and labor mobility increases rural household income. However, this increase has a greater effect on rural households with a high income and a small effect on rural households with a low income, resulting in a further widening of the income gap. Therefore, while increasing the income of rural households through land circulation, the government should also consider income equity. Finally, this article puts forward the policies and opinions on land reform and provides a brief discussion on the future direction of development.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF FISCAL POLICY TOWARD ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND POVERTY RATE IN INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-424
Author(s):  
Indra Maipita ◽  
Mohd. Dan Jantan ◽  
Nor Azam Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The government is continuously formulating some policies in order to boast economic growth and downsize poverty rate. However, the government is facing some obstacles such as an increasingly in budget deficit which is potentially impacting to the determining of priority scale as well as the pro and contra within it. Based on that consideration, economic policy is needed to be revised and redesigned in order to meet the need of pro growth, pro job, and pro poor. Generally, this research aims to examine the impact of an expansion and contraction of fiscal policy measures on Indonesia economic performance. For the purpose of this study, the change of macro economic indicators, economic sector performance, and the change of poverty and income distribution are examined using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. In order to evaluate the disparity of income distribution, beta distribution function is used which is adopted from Decaluwe, et al. (1999). This study employs Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke (F-G-T) and Cockburn (2001) methods to evaluate poverty (poverty incidence) on each household group. The results of this study show that the impact of an increase in subsidy is more favourable than two others fiscal policy measures. Even though the policy of transfer income gives a positive impact for the upsizing of rural household income and the downsizing in poverty, but on the other hand it has negative impact on others household income which aggregately has a negative impact on the decreasing of GDP. JEL Classification: I32, E62.Keywords: fiscal policy, poverty, income distribution

scholarly journals Economic Status and Health in Childhood: The Origins of the Gradient

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1308-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Case ◽  
Darren Lubotsky ◽  
Christina Paxson
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The well-known positive association between health and income in adulthood has antecedents in childhood. Not only is children's health positively related to household income, but the relationship between household income and children's health becomes more pronounced as children age. Part of the relationship can be explained by the arrival and impact of chronic conditions. Children from lower-income households with chronic conditions have worse health than do those from higher-income households. The adverse health effects of lower income accumulate over children's lives. Part of the intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic status may work through the impact of parents' income on children's health.

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