A Non-invasive Method of Cerebrospinal fluid collection from rats for assessing the Cerebrospinal fluid drug content

2021 ◽  
pp. 4085-4086
Author(s):  
Atulya. M. ◽  
Angel Alex ◽  
Jesil Mathew. A
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Fluid Sample ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment ◽  
Butterfly Needle ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The drug discovery and pharmacokinetic studies of drugs of the central nervous system depend on the successful collection of cerebrospinal fluid from lab animal models. Many a time, the treatment regime and management of diseases depends on the penetration and distribution of medicaments across the blood-brain barrier and for which a non-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid sample is essential. The present study was to simplify the cerebrospinal fluid collection from cisterna magna of rat, maximizing the quantity and minimizing the contamination. The rat is anaesthetized with Xylazine Ketamine combination intravenously and was kept on an inverted polypropylene tray with its head down at 45° angle. A depressible surface which look like a rhomb between occipital protuberances and the spine of the atlas becomes noticeable. A butterfly needle attached to a syringe was introduced into the cisterna magna, and cerebrospinal fluid is aspirated. The method is non-invasive and doesn’t require any sophisticated equipment and lessens the chance of contamination of the sample with blood. The technique is also less time consuming and easy to perform.

scholarly journals Pioneers in the cisterna magna puncture

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Thiago Ferreira Simões DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Abstract At the beginning of the 20th century, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection and analysis emerged as a promising aid in the diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system. It was obtained through the established procedure of lumbar puncture, described by Heinrich Quinke in 1891. The search for an alternative way to gather the CSF emerged in animal research, highlighting the cisterna magna as a promising source, with relative safety when performed by someone trained. Described initially and in detail by James Ayer in 1920, the procedure was widely adopted by neurologists and psychiatrists at the time, featuring its multiple advantages and clinical applications. After a period of great procedure use and exponential data collection, its complications and risks relegated the puncture of the cisterna magna as an alternative route that causes fear and fascination in modern Neurology.

An improved technique for cerebrospinal fluid collection of cisterna magna in Rhesus monkeys

2015 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianglong Li ◽  
Pengfei Han ◽  
Yingjia Guo ◽  
Huaiqiang Sun ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Improved Technique

scholarly journals An ultrasonographic evaluation of solitary muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sharma ◽  
S Neupane ◽  
M Shrestha ◽  
R Dwivedi ◽  
K Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cysticercus Cellulosae ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Background: Cysticercosis in humans is infection with the larval form (cysticercus cellulosae) of the pork tapeworm T. solium. Encystment of larvae can occur in almost any tissue. The location of cysts in order of frequency is the central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue and striated muscle, vitreous humour of the eye and, rarely, other tissues. High resolution ultrasound can be used in the diagnosis of muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the ultrasonographic findings in cases of muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective review of the cases of muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis which were diagnosed by ultrasound during June 2007 to May 2009 in the department of Radiology and Imaging, Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of six patients were evaluated. Result: There were four males and two females. Age of the patient ranged from 18 to 50 years. All of the patients presented with a swelling with pain in five of them. There was a wide variation in the location of the cysts. In all cases ultrasound revealed a cystic lesion with an echogenic eccentric pedunculated nodule attached to the wall. The mean diameter of the cyst was 6mm. Smooth wall was present in five cases whereas one of the cysts revealed irregular wall. Pericystic inflammatory changes were seen in the adjacent muscles. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a safe and non-invasive method that can be used in the diagnosis of muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis. Key words: Muscular and soft tissue cysticercosis; ultrasound. DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v8i2.3571 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2010), Vol. 8, No. 2, Issue 30, 257-260

scholarly journals Case Report: Untreatable Headache in a Child With Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Managed by Use of New Non-invasive Intracranial Pressure Waveform

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Paraguassu ◽  
Mark Khilnani ◽  
Nicollas Nunes Rabelo ◽  
Luiza D'Ottaviano Cobos ◽  
Gustavo Frigieri
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Pressure Waveform ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronic Headaches ◽  
Intracranial Pressure Waveform

brain4care, a new Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared non-invasive sensor that monitors intracranial pressure waveforms, was used in a 13-year-old girl who presented with untreatable headaches. The patient had a history of craniopharyngioma resection and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement 7 years prior to the use of the device. Secondary obstructive hydrocephalus was also a present factor in the case. The hypothesis was that due to the hydrocephalus, the child presented chronic headaches and needed constant readjustment into the ventriculoperitoneal shunt to regulate the cerebrospinal fluid inside her ventricles in order to control the patient's intracranial pressure (ICP). The device was chosen considering the risks to submit a patient into the regular invasive method to measure ICP. It was identified that the device could also indicate altered intracranial compliance due to the ratio between the P1 and P2 amplitudes (P2/P1 ratio > 1).

scholarly journals Noninvasive evaluation of intracranial hypertension? Is there a gold standard?

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Christian Welling ◽  
Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo ◽  
Fábio Santana Machado ◽  
Almir Ferreira Andrade ◽  
Vinicius Monteiro Guirado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Noninvasive Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractComputed tomography is essential in head injuried patients for the detection of structural damage to the brain. However, the ability of CT scanning to predict the presence or absence of intracranial hypertension has been debated in the literature. Since the optic nerve is part of the central nervous system and in case of raised pressure in the cerebrospinal fluid its sheath inflates. Based in this hypothesis the authors reviewed the role of the optic nerve sheat diameter in diagnosis intracranial hypertension after traumatic brain injury. This non-invasive method is useful to predict the risk of intracranial hypertension and select patients to ICP monitoring, especially in those with normal CT scans.

Cisterna magna microdialysis of 22Na to evaluate ion transport and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville W. Knuckey ◽  
Angela G. Fowler ◽  
Conrad E. Johanson ◽  
James R. B. Nashold ◽  
Mel H. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Na Uptake

✓ Microdialysis is used in vivo for measuring compounds in brain interstitial fluid. The authors describe another application of this technique to the central nervous system, namely microprobe dialysis in the cisterna magna to study the dynamics of ion transport and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation in the rat. The choroid plexus is the major source of CSF, which is produced by active transport of Na from blood into the cerebral ventricles. Formation of CSF is directly proportional to the blood-to-CSF transport of Na. By injecting 22Na into the systemic circulation and quantifying its movement into CSF by microdialysis, one can reliably estimate alterations in the rate of CSF formation. The sensitivity of this system was determined by administering acetazolamide, a standard inhibitor of CSF production. Because acetazolamide is known to decrease CSF formation by 40% to 50%, the cisternal microdialysis system in animals treated with this drug should detect a corresponding decrease in the amount of 22Na dialyzed. This hypothesis is supported by the 22Na uptake curves for control versus treated animals: that is, by the acetazolamide-induced average diminution of about 45% in both the rate and extent of tracer accession to dialysate. Bumetanide, a loop diuretic, reduced by 30% the 22Na entry into dialysate. Microprobe dialysis of fluid in the cisterna magna is thus a minimally invasive and economical method for evaluating effects of drugs and hormones on the choroid plexus-CSF system.

scholarly journals Effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution of a human head exposed to the electromagnetic pulse

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wang ◽  
Zhongguo Song ◽  
Yanning Yuan ◽  
Guozhen Guo ◽  
Jianjun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Electromagnetic Pulses ◽  
Pulse Parameters ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Drugs

AbstractThe presence of blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to effectively deliver therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS); hence, the outcomes following treatment of CNS diseases remain unsatisfactory. Fortunately, electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) provide a non-invasive method to locally open the BBB. To obtain the optimal pulse parameters of EMP-induced BBB opening to ensure the effective delivery of CNS drugs, it is particularly important to measure and assess the effects of pulse parameters on the temperature distribution in the human head exposed to EMPs. In this paper, the specific anthropomorphic mannequin phantom was adopted and the temperature increase in the human head induced by EMPs of different parameters was estimated in the software “COMSOL Multiphysics”. The results show that the temperature distribution profiles with different EMP parameters have almost similar characteristics, the highest temperature increase values in the human head are positively correlated with variations of EMP parameters, and potential hazards to the human head may occur when EMP parameters exceed the safety threshold, which will provide theoretical basis for seeking the optimal EMP parameters to open the BBB to the greatest extent within a safe range.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Urinary Biomarkers in Moyamoya Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Sesen ◽  
Jessica Driscoll ◽  
Alexander Moses-Gardner ◽  
Darren B. Orbach ◽  
David Zurakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers ◽  
Angiogenic Proteins ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction: A major difficulty in treating moyamoya disease is the lack of effective methods to detect novel or progressive disease prior to the onset of disabling stroke. More importantly, a tool to better stratify operative candidates and quantify response to therapy could substantively complement existing methods. Here, we present proof-of-principle data supporting the use of urinary biomarkers as diagnostic adjuncts in pediatric moyamoya patients.Methods: Urine and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected from pediatric patients with moyamoya disease and a cohort of age and sex-matched control patients. Clinical and radiographic data were paired with measurements of a previously validated panel of angiogenic proteins quantified by ELISA. Results were compared to age and sex-matched controls and subjected to statistical analyses.Results: Evaluation of a specific panel of urinary and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers by ELISA demonstrated significant elevations of angiogenic proteins in samples from moyamoya patients compared to matched controls. ROC curves for individual urinary biomarkers, including MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-9/NGAL, and VEGF, showed excellent discrimination. The optimal urinary biomarker was MMP-2, providing a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 100%, and overall accuracy of 91%. Biomarker levels changed in response to therapy and correlated with radiographic evidence of revascularization.Conclusions: We report, for the first time, identification of a panel of urinary biomarkers that predicts the presence of moyamoya disease. These biomarkers correlate with presence of disease and can be tracked from the central nervous system to urine. These data support the hypothesis that urinary proteins are useful predictors of the presence of moyamoya disease and may provide a basis for a novel, non-invasive method to identify new disease and monitor known patients following treatment.

scholarly journals Phase-Contrast-Cine MRI: a non-invasive qualitative approach to the study of various diseases of the Central Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calligari Dalila ◽  
Corvaglia Martina ◽  
Stringile Michela ◽  
Colombo Giovanni ◽  
Assirelli Angela
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Cine Mri ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Contrast Technique ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Phase Phase

The introduction of velocity-sensitive sequences, such as those based on the phase-contrast technique, has recently established a lure for the evaluation of the dynamics of CSF in MRI because it is the only non-invasive method for the study of the CSF flow. These sequences add to the classic anatomical study of brain, a qualitative functional analysis of his cerebrospinal fluid system studied with sequences acquired in the sagittal plane, maintaining high spatial and temporal resolution despite the small size of the analyzed section and the low speed of the circulating liquor. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the importance of using amplitude and phase (Phase Contrast) images in Cine-RM, in healthy subjects and in patients with intra-cranial and cervical district diseases.

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

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