Piper longum (Linn.) restores ovarian function in Letrozole induced PCOS in Rats: Comparison with Metformin and Clomiphene citrate

2021 ◽  
pp. 5190-5196
Author(s):  
Swati B. Pokale ◽  
Ghanshayam Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Group I ◽  
Letrozole Treatment

This study evaluates the prospective use of an herbal plant Piper longum in letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome using a rat model. The study used female wistar rats, which were divided into 9 groups, each containing 6 animals. Group I (Control) daily received 1% Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC)as a vehicle control. Letrozole (1mg/kg) was administered by oral route for period of 21days for induction of PCOS in group (II-IX). During experimental period, vaginal smear of all females were collected daily for the estrous cycle determination. During 28 days of letrozole administration, changes in estrous cycle of females were observed and studied. This study showed that PCOS was induced. After Letrozole treatment, 6 animals from group III-IX treated orally with, standard drugs Metformin (300mg/kg/oral route), Clomiphene citrate (100mg/kg/oral route), plant drug Piper longum L. at a concentration of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg, drug interaction groups: Metformin + Piper longum L, 800mg/kg and Clomiphene citrate +Piper lonum L., 800mg/kg body weight and studied for consecutive estrous cycles. Vaginal smear were examined, it showed that hydro alcoholic extract of fruits of Piper longum Linn. group has potential effect on PCOS bringing estrous cycle to normalcy. Also, after Letrozole treatment ovary and reproductive weights of normal rats increased which is normalizes with plant drug treatment. Further studies of hydroalcoholic extract of fruits Piper longum Linn. need to be carried out to check other related parameters of PCOS.

scholarly journals Anti – Androgenic Activity of Caesalpinia bonducella in Androgen-induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-227
Author(s):  
M. Sumithra ◽  
V. Chitra ◽  
Murali Krishna Moka ◽  
. Padaleeswaran ◽  
Safeeq Ahamed
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I ◽  
Caesalpinia Bonducella ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Aim:  Our goal was to use the androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) Testosterone Propionate (TP) to create a novel animal model to study polycystic ovaries. Materials and Methods: Thirty albino female Wistar rats weighing 200 – 250 g were split into five groups with six rats in each group. Group I was treated as standard control, Group II was treated as the PCOS induced group, Group III was treated as a standard group, Clomiphene citrate (20 mg per kg body weight), intraperitoneally (I.P) along with a 4 mg TP injection intramuscularly (I.M) in an oily solution, Group IV was treatment control group treated with a hydro-alcoholic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (CBHAE) at a dose of 200 mg per kg body weight. Group V was given CBHAE at 400 mg per kg of body weight. Blood collected from animals examined for hormonal parameters and ovaries is subjected to histopathological studies.  Results: There was a fall in testosterone volume and an increase in the efflux of female hormone constituents, which improved the ovarian development and helped to regulate menses. Conclusion: Significantly lower levels of Testosterone were produced as a result of the extract, which also showed superior anti-androgenic properties. However, additional intervention is recommended in order to investigate the therapeutic effect of Caesalpinia bonducella seed in further detail.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Calotropis gigantea Root Bark Experimental Liver Damage Induced by D-Galactosamine in Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Pradeep Deshmukh ◽  
Tanaji Nandgude ◽  
Mahendra Singh Rathode ◽  
Anil Midha ◽  
Nitin Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Experimental Liver ◽  
Hepatoprotective Drug

The suspensions of alcoholic extract of root bark of the plant Calotropis gigantea in 0.6% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in Wistar albino rats by inducing hepatic injury with D-galactosamine (400 mg/kg). Alcoholic extract of root bark of the plant Calotropis gigantea at an oral dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg exhibited a significant (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) protection effect by normalizing the levels of aspartate amino transferase (ASAT/ GOT), alanine amino transferase (ALAT/GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which were significantly (P<0.001) increased in rats by treatment with 400 mg/kg i.p. of D-galactosamine. Silymarin (25 mg/kg), a known hepatoprotective drug used for comparison exhibited significant activity (P<0.001).

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Physico-Chemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Whole Plant of Piper Longum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 440-449
Author(s):  
Fathima Suman P ◽  
Minhaj . ◽  
I Arthi
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

This study deals with the Pharmacognostical physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of the whole plant of Piper longum L. Pharmacognostical studies include macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical evaluation. Physicochemical constants showed the values of total ash (10.8%), acid insoluble ash (1.3%), water soluble ash (3.2%), sulphated ash (12%), nitrated ash (1.85%), hot extraction (11.2%), water soluble extractive (4.8%), ethanol soluble extractive (12.4%), ether soluble extractive (5.6%), loss on drying (29%), swelling index (0.33) and mucilage content (0.8%) w/w. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the alcoholic extract showed presents of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, mucilage, starch, steroid and flavonoids. This study helps to development of different standard parameters of the plant which help the plant identification and authentication. Keywords: Piper longum L., Whole plant, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Extract.

scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of Aerva lanata against nephrolithiasis following chronic administration of Ethylene glycol in male wistar Albino rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankul Singh S ◽  
Gowri K ◽  
Chitra V
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract Nephrolithiasis appear to be a major health crisis among the population with serious medical related consequences throughout the lifetime of patient. The aim of the study was to evaluate the preventive effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of A. lanata roots on Urolithiasis rats. Thirty adults male wistar Albino rats weighing 200 – 250 g were divided into five groups comprising 6 rats in each. Group I Served as positive control with water ad libitum. Group II as negative control which is disease treated group receiving 0.75% ethylene glycol mixed with drinking water for 28 days. Group III chosen as standard group receiving ethylene glycol for first 14 days and Cystone 750 mg/Kg from day 15 till day 28. Group IV and V received ethylene glycol for first 14 days and treatment regimen of LD (400 mg/Kg) and HD 800 mg/Kg orally from day 15 till day 28. Invitro studies like Nucleation, Aggregation and Growth assays were performed. Urine volume and pH was collected and observed for change in appearance, pH, odour and turbidity. Extract was given by preparing suspension and stability was observed by measuring its parameters. On Day 29, the kidneys were dissected and histopathology was done to check tubular injury. There was Increase in urine volume, enhanced excretion of urinary constituents like citrate, oxalate etc. and improving clearance rate. Improvement in pH and antioxidant activity was observed in treated groups. The extract showed that it has prominent effect on nephrolithiasis and has better safety profile in the dose given.

scholarly journals Effects of clomiphene citrate plus estradiol or progesterone on endometrial ultrastructure: An RCT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robabeh Taheripanah ◽  
Maryam Kabir-Salmani ◽  
Masoomeh Favayedi ◽  
Marzieh Zamaniyan ◽  
Narges Malih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Estrogenic Effects ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Pinopods concentrations in endometrial surface is a marker of implantation. Estradiol valerate (EV) was used to change the adverse effects of Clomiphene Citrate (CC) on the endometrium. Objective: The goal was to assess whether there is a significant difference in the endometrial pinopods concentrations and other parameters after adding EV and progesterone to higher doses of CC. Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomized clinical trial, a total of 30 women who did not respond to 100 mg of CC from February 2016 to June 2016 were evaluated. They were divided into three groups: group I) received 150 mg of CC alone, group II) CC with EV, and group III) CC plus progesterone. On day 21 of the menstrual cycle, endometrial biopsy, a blood sampling, and a scanning by electron microscopy were performed. Results: On day 21 of the menstrual cycle, there was no significant difference in the pinopods concentrations (p = 0.641) and serum estrogen levels (p = 0.276) between groups. However, the Serum progesterone levels in group I was higher than the other two groups (p = 0.007) in the same day. Conclusion: Since the addition of EV and progesterone to higher dosages of CC did not change the pinopods concentration and serum estrogen levels on day 21 of the menstrual cycle, and the serum progesterone levels was higher in CC alone group (i.e. group I) compared to other groups, it can be concluded that the anti-estrogenic effects of CC just appear on the endometrium and not on the plasma levels. Key words: Ovulation induction, Clomiphene, Estradiol, Progesterone, Electron microscopy, Endometrium.

Effect of Clomiphene Citrate and Letrozole on Body Weight of female Albino Rat for Consecutive 1-4 Estrous Cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2938-2941
Author(s):  
Fauzia Qureshi ◽  
Syeda Rizwana Jafri ◽  
Hafiza Sadia Ahmad ◽  
Uzma Waseem ◽  
Ursula Akif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate in women with infertility has been practiced more than 40% years but in infertile patients this treatment plan proved to be ineffective with multiple complication. Body weight plays an important role modulating reproductive development and functioning. Aim: To observe the effects on body weight of female albino rat after use of clomiphene citrate and letrozole for consecutive 1-4 estrous cycles Method: Eighty four adult female Albino rats were equally divided into three groups for this research. Body weight of each rat was measured before and after the experiment. Vaginal smear cytology of each rat was performed to study different phases of estrous cycle. Control group A was given normal saline orally , In Experimental group B rats were given letrozole (Femara) at dose 5mg/kg orally and in Experimental group C rats were given clomiphene citrate at dose 100ug/kg orally. Results: Significant weight gain is observed in rats taking clomiphene citrate as compared to letrozole Conclusion : Comiphene citrate directly affects the body weight which indirectly reduces the ovulation induction and pregnancy rate. Letrozole is good alternate for ovulation induction and for CC resistant patients. Keywords: Estrous cycle, body weight, citrate and letrozole

scholarly journals Cardiac parameters during the estrous cycle of canine bitches

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rute C.A. de Souza ◽  
Regiane Peres ◽  
Marlos G. Sousa ◽  
Aparecido A. Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mean Heart Rate ◽  
Prospective Investigation

ABSTRACT: The cardiovascular parameters of canine bitches were assessed during the estrous cycle. A total of eleven mongrel female dogs were enrolled in a longitudinal prospective investigation. Six animals were bred during the study and were assigned into group I, in which evaluations were performed during proestrus, estrus, gestational diestrus and anestrus. The five remaining bitches were not bred and underwent evaluations during proestrus, estrus, nongestational diestrus and anestrus. The holter data showed a gradual increase in the minimum and mean heart rate along pregnancy, as well as a reduction during anestrus, which differed significantly among the distinct periods. The values for maximal heart rate documented during pregnancy were significantly lower than those recorded during anestrus, and a variation in the heart rate circadian rhythm was also found, as demonstrated by decreases at night and rises during the day. Cardiac rhythm had a similar performance in both pregnancy and anestrus. Likewise, the blood pressure, electrocardiography, and echocardiography data did not vary during the estrous cycle. The results support the role played by the autonomic nervous system during these two distinct periods in order to attain a heart rate that provides the blood needed by the female’s body during the various stages of the reproductive cycle. Further studies are needed to better clarify the cardiovascular compensatory neuroendocrine events that accompany gestation in this species.

scholarly journals Determination of the estrous cycle phases of rats: some helpful considerations

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4a) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. MARCONDES ◽  
F. J. BIANCHI ◽  
A. P. TANNO
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Secretion ◽  
Cellular Types

The short length of the estrous cycle of rats makes them ideal for investigation of changes occurring during the reproductive cycle. The estrous cycle lasts four days and is characterized as: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus, which may be determined according to the cell types observed in the vaginal smear. Since the collection of vaginal secretion and the use of stained material generally takes some time, the aim of the present work was to provide researchers with some helpful considerations about the determination of the rat estrous cycle phases in a fast and practical way. Vaginal secretion of thirty female rats was collected every morning during a month and unstained native material was observed using the microscope without the aid of the condenser lens. Using the 10 x objective lens, it was easier to analyze the proportion among the three cellular types, which are present in the vaginal smear. Using the 40 x objective lens, it is easier to recognize each one of these cellular types. The collection of vaginal lavage from the animals, the observation of the material, in the microscope, and the determination of the estrous cycle phase of all the thirty female rats took 15-20 minutes.

scholarly journals Effects of clomiphene citrate on ovarian function in hypophysectomized rats

Reproduction ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Moon ◽  
A. J. Duleba ◽  
Y. W. Yun ◽  
B. H. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

SUPRAHYPOPHYSEAL DYSFUNCTION IN A PATIENT WITH ASEXUAL ATELEIOSIS

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-455
Author(s):  
Martha Medina ◽  
Adalberto Parra ◽  
Hugo E. Scaglia ◽  
Laura Nieto ◽  
Gregorio Pérez-Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Undetectable Plasma ◽  
Lh Rh

ABSTRACT The neuroendocrine function of a 19 years old female dwarf with primary amenorrhoea and lack of sexual development (asexual ateleiosis) was studied. Undetectable fasting plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) and a lack of response to three different provocative stimuli was observed. Oestrogen administratin did not modify the GH response. Thyroid and adrenal function were within normal limits. Undetectable plasma levels of immunoreactive oestradiol and lack of oestrogenic activity in vaginal smears indicated absence of ovarian function. Low levels of circulating gonadotrophins with a significant rise after synthetic LH-RH administration was demonstrated, while clomiphene citrate failed to induce ovulation. Following 6 months of continuous GH administration a significant increase in the growth rate was evident, whereas no pubertal development was observed. These data are interpreted as demonstrating the suprahypophyseal origin of the sexual infantilism in a patient with inappropriate GH secretion. It is suggested that a combined deficiency of LH-RH and GH-RH may account for the aetiology of this disorder.

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