Աքեմենյան կառավարման կարգերի ժառանգորդները

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-265
Author(s):  
Մուրադ Օհանյան
Keyword(s):  
Administration System ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Peripheral Regions

The administration orders and structures of the Parthian and Sasanian powers are almost exactly repeating the models of Achaemenid governance. Various evidence and facts have been preserved about that, especially about the Sasanian power. According to them, this power was divided into five administrative-territorial units with “Center + 4 peripheral regions” principle. This structure corresponded to the Sasanian system of territorial administration, which had the “king of kings + 4 viceroys/spahbeds” model. The prototypes of such administration systems with the “1 + 4” model are known from Elam and Sumer. The territorial structure and administration system of Greater Armenia had the same model.

scholarly journals Geographical aspects of the changes of Hungary’s deconcentrated state administration system between 1990 and 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Gábor Kozma ◽  
Attila Barta
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
County Level ◽  
Administration System ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract One of the most important segments of the post-1990 transformation of territory-based administration in Hungary was the changing of the geographical structure of deconcentrated state administrative organisations. The study, on the one hand, provides a brief overview of the history of deconcentrated state administrative organisations in Hungary, and discusses the regional characteristics of the organisational transformations after the political changes, taking six moments in time (the middle of 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2012 respectively) as the basis. On the other hand, using the same six snapshots in time, it examines which settlements experienced favourable or unfavourable changes, and what factors influenced the selection of the seats for these institutions. The results of the survey indicated that the alignment of territorial structure of deconcentrated state administrative organizations to the planning-statistical, NUTS 2 regions has already begun at the end of the 1990s. The government formed in 2006 took significant steps in the area of aligning the spatial structure of the organizations with the planning-statistical regions; however, in the period after 2010 the significance of the county level increased again. In the period examined, no significant changes took place at the top and at the bottom of the list according to the number of seats: the largest settlements of the individual regions reinforced their leading positions.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND TERRITORIAL REFORM CONDUCTING

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2(64)) ◽  
pp. 282-286
Author(s):  
V.K. Simonenko
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
The Law

The essence and real results of the administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine are considered in the article, the economically justified and ultimate goals of these reforms are determined. The attempts to streamline the state administration system over the previous years and brief results of the decentralization process in Ukraine are analyzed. The conclusion of the article is made and its sence includes thesis about the triune of the reform and the need of adoption of new versions of the Law of Ukraine "About Local Self-Governance", the laws "About Administrative and Territorial Structure", " About Service in Local Self-Governance Bodies", " About Territory Planning" and of number of other legislative acts that define the institutional basis for effective implementation of the process of reforming the country's administrative and territorial structure.

scholarly journals Subsidiarity Principle: In Search of a Balance between Centralization and Decentralization (State Legal Aspect)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 160-171
Author(s):  
I. V. Irkhin
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Domestic Relations ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Subsidiarity Principle ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Centralization And Decentralization

The paper formulates the definition of the principle of subsidiarity, and indicates that this principle can be used as a tool to find and maintain an optimal balanced ratio between the volumes of centralization and decentralization in the regulation and implementation of domestic relations, as well as relations between supranational associations and their member-states. At the same time, it is emphasized that the organizational and functional-target variables of the principle of subsidiarity are oriented towards strengthening the decentralization of the public administration system (public authority) by fixing the presumption of priority right (along with guarantees) of lower units to exercise powers in specific subjects of competence. In addition, when applying the principle of subsidiarity, the strengthening of decentralization is due to the need to ensure the implementation of the resources of participatory democracy, as well as the focus on pluralization of the entire public administration system. The distinction between territorial and extraterritorial forms of decentralization is substantiated, the similarities and differences between the principle of subsidiarity and devolution, deconcentration and delegation of powers are revealed. The correlation relationship between the principle of subsidiarity and the characteristics of the state-territorial structure is analyzed. The author formulates the thesis that the subsidiarity principle can be implemented in any multi-level system of organization of public power, functioning on the basis of a synthesis of the principles of solidarity, adaptability, pluralism, autonomy, democracy. It is concluded that in its synthetic unity the achievement of efficiency, the establishment of pluralism and participatory democracy acts as a paradigm of the principle of subsidiarity.

Social Administration System and Forecasting Perfection by Means of a Number of Statistical Collisions Elimination

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
V.A. Kapitanov ◽  
◽  
A.Y. Maksimova ◽  
O.S. Osipova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Administration System

ANALISIS PENGARUH EKSPOR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ari Mulianta Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
The Relationship

Ekspor merupakan salah satu faktor terjadinya peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara, sejalan dengan hipotesis export-led growth (ELG). Penelitian ini menganalisis perkembangan ekspor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia periode kuartal I 2001 sampai dengan kuartal IV 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dalam menggambarkan perkembangan pertumbuhan ekonomi serta ekspor dan analisis kuantitatif metode Error Correction Model (ECM) dalam menganalisis efek jangka panjang dan jangka pendek dari ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pada periode penelitian, data yang ada menunjukkan bahwa ekspor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia sama-sama mengalami peningkatan. Hasil regresi ECM menunjukkan bahwa ekspor memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, yang mendukung hipotesis bahwa ELG berlaku untuk Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia diperlukan peningkatan kinerja ekspor Indonesia. Peningkatan kinerja ekspor Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya adalah dengan perbaikan sistem administrasi ekspor, peningkatan riset dan pengembangan produk Indonesia, peningkatan sarana dan prasarana infrastruktur, stabilitas nilai tukar dan perluasan pasar non tradisional, termasuk perbaikan struktur ekspor komoditas. Export is one of the factors behind the economic growth which is in line with the export-led growth hypotesis (ELG). This research analyzes the relationship between economic growth and export of Indonesia during first quarter of 2001 until fourth quarter of 2015. It employs descriptive analysis to describe export movement and economic growth during the study period and ECM model to analyze the long run and the short run effects of export on the economic growth. The available information indicated that, during the study period, both export and economic growth showed similar increasing trends. The result of the ECM model revealed that export had a positive and statistically significant relationship with the economic growth, supporting the hypotesis of ELG in Indonesia. Hence, to accelerate economic growth, efforts are required to boost the export performance in Indonesia. The Export performance can be increased by several way, such as improving the export administration system, increasing the research and development of Indonesian products, improving the facilities and infrastructure, exchange rate stability and the non-tradisional markets expansion, and including improvement of the export commodity structure.

The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Settlement Landscape ◽  
New Settlements

The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.

WAYS TOWARDS ADVANCED AUTOMATIC MEASURES TO PREVENT VAT EVASION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Andrew Vadimovich Grona
Keyword(s):  
Accounting System ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Finance Department ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Electronic Administration ◽  
New Criteria

This paper intends to bring a view on possible measures, which the Cabinet of Ministers and Finance Department of Ukraine are authorized to implement. These measures concern introducing new criteria for evaluating the level of risks, sufficient for stopping a registration of tax invoices/adjustment calculations, depending on a kind of the stated goods’ issue. Both the criteria and implementation of those are based on the information, received from an au- tomated VAT payers’ inventory accounting system, necessary for creationas a component of VAT electronic administration system. The paper brings a view on measures, intended to automate a processof reviewing tax payers’ written expla- nations by the SFS committee, established in accord to FDU’s order # 566 on 13.06.2017. In addition, some automatic measures to prevent realizing the “twist- ing” operations have been proposed in the paper. It was noted that the procedure for stopping the registration of risky tax invoices was introduced as a means of automatically preventing such a widespread VAT avoidance scheme as a “twist” for all goods, and not just for fuel. In this article, under the risky tax billing/ adjustment calculations, it is proposed to understand such tax invoices/adjust- ments calculations that satisfy the approved criteria of the Ministry of Finance to assess the degree of risk sufficient to stop their registration. It is noted that the principle of indiscretion has already been established in Ukraine. It is estab- lished prematurely, since it is not yet backed up by effective automatic measures to prevent VAT deviations. The real implementation of this principle is one of the key points in improving the investment climate and implementing economic re- forms in Ukraine. It will sharply increase the level of freedom of doing business in Ukraine, will open the way for an automatic VAT refund procedure and deprive enterprises of unreasonable checks that are carried out in connection with the detection of tax breaches by their counterparties (and, more often, counteragents of their counterparties).

IDENTIFY PROBLEM ISSUES OF SELF-ORDERED DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMS IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 250-259
Author(s):  
Igor Yurievich Rodchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
State Power ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Administration System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Object Interaction ◽  
Interaction System ◽  
Power Hierarchy

The problematic issues of the development of self-ordering mechanisms in the public administration system are determined, with observance of their division into institutional, functional and evolutionary parts. The institutional part includes self-regulation mechanisms implemented in the models of subject-subject interaction at the levels of higher, central and local government bodies, as well as in models of object-object interaction between them. The most important in the institutional part of self-governing mechanisms are those that ensure: the separation of powers between branches of government; administrative reform of the government structure; separation of public spheres of government between central government bodies; administrative reform of the structure of central executive bodies; delimitation of territorial spheres of government between local authorities; administrative-territorial reform; formation and implementation of the structure of the power hierarchy; administrative reform of the structure of the power hierarchy. The functional part includes the mechanisms of self-regulation, realized in the model of object-object interaction “system of state power — social sphere, industry and relations”. The most important parts of the mechanisms of self-regulation are those that ensure: the formation and implementation of state policies in various spheres of society; formation and implementation of national projects; formation and implementation of state target programs; state budgeting. The evolutionary part includes the mechanisms of self-regulation, realized in the model of object-object interaction “system of state power — the creation of conditions for social development”. The most important parts of the evolutionary part of self-governing mechanisms are those that provide: strategic management and planning; realization of state programs of social and economic development; conducting constant economic and social reforms and transformations.

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