Nitrogen Fertigation in Lettuce Culture

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the most consumed vegetable in the world and in Brazil, representing as an important dietary source of vitamins, fiber and minerals to population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of lettuce against nitrogen doses applied via fertigation, as well as the quality of the administered fertilizer solution. The test was carried out in an agricultural area located in the Doutor Camargo municipality, Northwestern of Paraná State, Brazil. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with seven treatments: T1 control - 0 kg ha-1 urea (0 kg N ha-1); T2 - 25 kg ha-1 urea (11.25 kg N ha-1); T3 - 50 kg ha-1 urea (22.5 kg N ha-1); T4 - 75 kg ha-1 urea (33.75 kg N ha-1); T5 - application of 100 kg ha-1 urea (45 kg N ha-1); T6 - 125 kg ha-1 urea (56.25 kg N ha-1); T7 - 150 kg ha-1 urea (67.5 kg N ha-1). Each treatment had six repetitions. Seeds from Dora (American lettuce) and Vera (curly lettuce) varieties were used for seedling production. Nutrients were applied to the crop by fertigation at 15 and 30 days after transplanting the seedlings to the seedbeds. Fresh shoot mass (weight), stem diameter, root length and productivity were assessed. Results showed that nitrogen fertilization via fertigation significantly influenced the growth and yield variables of plants from both Dora and Vera varieties.

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Production of Bambusa vulgaris seedlings from rhizomes under brackish water irrigation

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n5p337-342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 337-342

Author(s):

Lourenço M. C. Branco ◽

Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽

Albanise B. Marinho ◽

Carlos H. C. de Sousa ◽

Amanda S. F. Calvet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Brackish Water ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Photosynthesis Rate ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Bambusa Vulgaris ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation with brackish water on the production of bamboo seedlings (Bambusa vulgaris). The experiment was carried out at the Fazenda Experimental Piroás, in the municipality of Redenção, CE, Brazil (4° 14’ 53” S, 38° 45’ 10” W, and altitude of 230 m), in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six repetitions. The treatments consisted of five irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw): 0.5 (control); 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1. At 120 days after the beginning of the application of the treatments the leaf gas exchange, relative chlorophyll index (RCI), plant height (H), shoot dry matter (SDM), H/SDM ratio, and the concentrations of Na+ and K+ in stems and leaves were evaluated. Salt tolerance indexes were calculated based on SDM, H, photosynthesis rate and RCI. The increase in the ECw reduced leaf gas exchange, and the reduction in the photosynthesis rate was caused by stomatal and non-stomatal effects. The salinity affected negatively the growth and quality of bamboo seedlings, with the greatest effects being with ECw equal to or greater than 2.5 dS m-1. Bamboo seedlings present Na+ retention in the stems and low Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves. Bamboo seedlings are tolerant to salinity up to 1.5 dS m-1, indicating that waters with this salinity can be used for seedling production of this species, without loss of growth and quality.

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Growth and quality of SJ-02 cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) under different irrigation depths and cultivation containers

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.10.p2848 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1695-1700

Author(s):

Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽

Stefany Sampaio Silveira ◽

Robson Prucoli Posse ◽

Laís Gertrudes Fontana Silva ◽

Valeria Pancieri Sallin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Quality Index ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Irrigation Depth ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Theobroma Cacao L ◽

Cocoa Seedlings

The study aimed to evaluate the growth and quality of SJ-02 cocoa seedlings under different irrigation depths and cultivation container sizes. The experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (4x3), where the first factor consisted of the application of four different irrigation depths (6, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1) and the second one was composed of three different cultivation containers (small, medium and large). Twelve treatments were evaluated with eight repetitions, totaling 96 plants in the experimental field. At 74 days after sowing, the leaf area, stem diameter, plant height, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system, total dry mass and Dickson's quality index of all seedlings were analyzed. The 10.32 mm d-1 irrigation depth and the medium and large cultivation containers provided the highest quality in seedling production, being the most suitable ones. However, there was no interaction between the factors

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TEKNOLOGI HIDROPONIK SISTEM SUMBU PADA PRODUKSI SELADA LOLLO ROSSA (Lactuca sativa L.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN CaCl2 SEBAGAI NUTRISI HIDROPONIK

JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI ◽

10.19184/j-agt.v11i1.5451 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Siti Kamalia ◽

Parawita Dewanti ◽

Raden Soedradjad

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Growth Disorders ◽

Single Factor ◽

Human Needs ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Cacl2 Concentration ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Calcium in one of the important minerals that are needed by human body as much as 1200 mg calciums/ day/ person. Every day humans consume calcium as much as 254 mg/ day/ person and it causes people suffering ostheoporosis and other growth disorders. Therefore human needs to consume the source of calcium, one of them is vegetables. Vegetables in one of the source of calcium that is cheap, obtainable and consumable. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the vegetable with high caclsium but development of lettuce cultivation is still limited.. The efford to increase the quantity and quality of lettuce production can be done with hydroponics technology. Hydroponics technology enables efficient lettuce cultivation. The innovation adding of CaCl2 concentration in hydroponic nutrients is expected to increase the lettuce production. The purpose of this research was to determine the concentration of CaCl2 on the hydroponic nutrients of wick system on the production of Lollo Rossa lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The research was conducted at the Green House, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, started in August to Noverber 2016. The research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with single factor, which was concentration of CaCl2 on the hydroponic nutrients (C) and it be combined with Lollo Rossa varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) (S) with three replications. The best concentration of CaCl2 for Lollo Rossa production was 650 ppm. Keywords: Lettuce, hydroponic, calcium, CaCl2

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Biostimulants Based on Humic Acids, Amino Acids and Vitamins Increase Growth and Quality of Lettuce Seedlings

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n6p235 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Rubens Ribeiro da Silva ◽

Antonio Carlos Martins dos Santos ◽

Jefferson Santana da Silva Carneiro ◽

Lara Couto Marques ◽

Larissa Urzêdo Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Humic Acids ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Production Research ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Ideal

Humic acids (HA), amino acids (AA) and vitamins can increase plant growth; however, there are still few studies that determine the ideal concentration for use in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production. Research was conducted to evaluate the effects of HA enriched with sources and levels of AA and vitamins on lettuce seedlings morphology and quality. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The first experiment had 16 treatments, 3 × 5 + 1 factorial design, the first factor was betaine, glycine and proline used in the HA enrichment, and second factor five concentrations of AA (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g L-1), plus the control, without HA and AA. The second experiment had 21 treatments, 4 × 5 + 1 factorial design, the first factor was the use of four vitamins (A, E, B1 and B2) in the enrichment of HA, while the second factor was composed of five concentrations of each vitamin (0, 0.5; 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g L-1) plus the control, without HA and vitamins. The application of HA and HA+AA promote the improvement in the seedling’s morphology and quality, while the application of the HA+vitamins negatively affected the morphology, reducing seedling quality.

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Substrates and Protected Environments in the Formation of Mouriri elliptica Mart Seedlings

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n6p281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 281

Author(s):

Josiane S. Salles ◽

Alexandre H. F. de Lima ◽

Edilson Costa ◽

Fábio Steiner ◽

Bruna L. B. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Restoration ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Production Environment ◽

High Quality ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Successful Establishment ◽

Growing Environment ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The successful establishment of a forest restoration program depends of the seedling quality, and the choice of substrate and growing environment plays a significant role in the production of high-quality seedlings. A study was conducted to evaluate the production of croada seedlings (Mouriri elliptica Mart.) grown in thirteen substrate combinations and subjected to two production nurseries constructed with black shading screen (Sombrite®) and aluminized thermal-reflective screen (Aluminet®). The substrates were prepared from different proportions of bovine manure, soil, vermiculite, and sand. In each protected environment, the thirteen different substrate compositions were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replicates of the five seedlings each. Because there was no replication of the cultivation environments, the joint analysis was carried out, allowing the comparison of the environments in the factorial scheme 2 × 13 (two environments × thirteen substrates). Growth and quality of seedlings were measured at 188 days. Seedling production environment has no effect on the germination and emergence process of the seedlings, but the growth and quality of the seedlings can be improved when grown in the nursery with black shading screen. Substrates containing low proportion of bovine manure (from 10 to 30%) and high proportion of vermiculite (from 30 to 40%) resulted in high-quality croada seedlings.

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Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.) terhadap Beberapa Dosis Pupuk Kandang Kotoran Itik pada Tanah Rawa Lebak

RAWA SAINS : JURNAL SAINS STIPER AMUNTAI ◽

10.36589/rs.v1i1.2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11

Author(s):

Nur Hafizah ◽

Fikriah Fikriah

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Repair Techniques

Lettuce plants in the process of growth and development require additional nutrients by repair Techniques for cultivation and repair of organic or inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are also called natural fertilizers because all or most of them come from natural fertilizers. This study aims to (i) find out the effect of giving dung manure to the growth and yield of lettuce on swampy soil, (ii) get the best dose from the administration of duck manure to the growth and yield of lettuce on swampy swamp soil. This research was conducted in Hambuku Tengah Village, Sungai Pandan District from April to June 2010. Using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factors studied were 9 doses of duck manure fertilizer dosage with 9 treatments, there are b0 = 0 t.ha-1; b1 = 2,5 t.ha-1; b2 = 5,0 t.ha-1; b3 = 7,5 t.ha-1; b4 = 10 t.ha-1 ; b5 = 12,5 t.ha-1; b6 = 15,0 t.ha-1; b7 = 17,5 t.ha-1; b8 = 20,0 t.ha-1 with 3 replications, thus there were 27 experimental units. The observed variables were plant height and number of leaves aged 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after planting (DAP) and leaf wet weight at harvest. From the results of the study there was a response of tall mustard plants aged 28 HST and wet weight of mustard plants but there was no response to the height of mustard plants aged 14, 21 and 35 HST on the administration of duck manure, with the best dose was treatment b4 (10 t.ha -1)

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Zeolite and Hucalcia as Coating Material for Improving Quality of NPK Fertilizer in Costal Sandy Soil

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2011.v16i2.99-106 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 99-106

Author(s):

. Sulakhudin ◽

Abdul Syukur ◽

Bambang Hendro Sunarminto

Keyword(s):

Sandy Soil ◽

Water Adsorption ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Soil Science ◽

Coating Materials ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The growth and yield of plants are mainly a function of the quantity of fertilizer and water. In coastal sandy soil, nutrient losses and dry soils are seriously problems. The objective of the research was to study effect of zeolite and hucalci concentrations as NPK coating materials on NPK qualities i.e. water adsorption and release of N, P and K. The research used a coastal sandy soil as media. It was conducted in a laboratory of Soil Science Department, Gadjah Mada University from July to August 2009. Experimental design used was a factorial in a completely randomized design. The first factor was hucalci concentration, consisted of 10% (H1), 20% (H2), and 30% (H3). The second factor was zeolite concentration, consisted of 25% (Z1), 50% (Z2), 75% (Z3), and 100% (Z4). NPK fertilizer (without coating) used as a control. The results showed that hucalci and zeolite had a capability to increase water adsorption and to retard the release of N, P, K. The coated NPK with hucalci 30% and zeolite 100% had the highest quality in water absorption, water retention and release of nutrients.Keywords: Coastal sandy soil, humic-calcium, NPK fertilizer, zeolite

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PENGARUH KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SELADA (Lactuca sativa L.) DI KABUPATEN JAYAWIJAYA

J-PEN Borneo : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.35334/jpen.v2i1.1493 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anti Uni Mahanani ◽

Lemira Kogova

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

Lettuce Seeds ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Materials Used ◽

Moringa Leaf Extract

ABSTRACT Vegetables are one of the agricultural products that are needed and this annual crop is a plant that is generally relatively little time to plant. Of the various types of vegetables, including lettuce. To get good results, both in quality and quantity for lettuce, one of the efforts that can be taken apart from the provision of Growth Regulatory Substances (ZPT). With a good ZPT, good lettuce plants will be produced both in terms of quality and quantity. One of these ZPT is Moringa leaf extract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the treatment of Moringa leaf extract concentration on the growth and yield of lettuce plants and to determine the concentration of Moringa leaf extract which is best used to increase the growth and yield of lettuce plants. The study was conducted at the STIPER Experimental Garden Petra Baliem Wamena Jayawijaya Regency at an altitude of 1664 meters above sea level. The study was conducted in June to September 2017. Materials used were: Lettuce Seeds, Moringa Leaves, Polybags, Soil. The tools used are: Digital Scales, Stationery, Blenders, Strainer, Measuring Cup. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 levels of concentration of Moringa leaf extract treatment and 4 replications. The level of treatment of Moringa leaf extract concentration are: K0: 0% concentration (300 ml water without Moringa leaf extract); K1: 25% concentration (75 ml of Moringa leaf extract + 225 ml of water); K2: 50% concentration (150 ml moringa leaf extract + 150 ml water); K3: 75% concentration (225 ml moringa leaf extract + 75 ml water). In this study there were 4 (four) treatments and 4 (four) replications so that there were 16 plots / units of the experiment. The results of this study are: 1) The concentration of Moringa leaf extract can affect lettuce height at 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks; number of leaves of lettuce at 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks; and fresh weight of lettuce. and 2) The best concentration of Moringa leaf extract for growth and yield of lettuce is K2 concentration (50% concentration).Keywords: concentration, moringa leaf extract, lettuce ABSTRAK Sayuran merupakan salah satu produk pertanian yang sangat dibutuhkan dan tanaman semusim ini merupakan tanaman yang pada umumnya relatif sedikit waktu tanamnya. Dari berbagai jenis sayuran itu, termasuk didalamnya adalah sayur selada. Untuk memperoleh hasil yang baik, baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas bagi tanaman selada, salah satu usaha yang dapat ditempuh selain dengan pemberian Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT). Dengan ZPT yang baik, maka akan dihasilkan tanaman selada yang bagus baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitasnya. Salah satu ZPT tersebut adalah ekstrak daun kelor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada dan Untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor yang paling baik digunakan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan STIPER Petra Baliem Wamena Kabupaten Jayawijaya pada ketinggian tempat 1664 mdpl. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni s/d September 2017. Bahan yang digunakan adalah : Benih Selada, Daun Kelor, Polybag, Tanah. Alat yang digunakan adalah : Timbangan Digital, Alat Tulis, Blender, Saringan, Gelas Ukur. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 4 aras perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor dan 4 ulangan. Adapun aras perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor adalah : K0: Konsentrasi 0% ( 300 ml air tanpa ekstrak daun kelor ); K1:Konsentrasi 25% ( 75 ml ekstrak daun kelor + 225 ml air ); K2: Konsentrasi 50% ( 150 ml ekstrak daun kelor + 150 ml air ); K3: Konsentrasi 75% ( 225 ml ekstrak daun kelor + 75 ml air ). Pada penelitian ini ada 4 (empat) perlakuan dan 4 (empat) ulangan sehingga terdapat 16 petak/unit percobaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah : 1) Konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor dapat mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman selada umur 1 minggu, 2 minggu, dan 4 minggu; jumlah daun tanaman selada umur 2 minggu, 3 minggu dan 4 minggu; dan bobot segar tanaman selada. dan 2) Konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor yang terbaik bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada adalah konsentrasi K2 (konsentrasi 50%).Kata kunci : konsentrasi, ekstrak daun kelor, selada

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Produksi dan Kualitas Buah Stroberi pada Beberapa Sistem Irigasi

Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jhi.1.1.1-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Slamet Susanto ◽

Bhayu Hartanti ◽

Nurul Khumaida

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Flower Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The objectives of this research was to study the fruit production and quality of strawberry grown under different irrigation system. The trial was arranged in a completely randomized design. Four irrigation systems were examined: drip irrigation applied daily, drip irrigation applied every 2 days, manual irrigation applied daily and manual irrigation applied every 2 days . The result showed that the treatments gave significant effects on vegetative growth. Plants irrigated daily produced more runn er than those irrigated every 2 days. Plants irrigated manually every 2 days lowered flower production. The drip irrigation applied daily gave the highest response on growth and yield without any difference on fruit quality. The system could be considered for hydroponic strawberry production.Key words: strawberry, irrigation, fruit production, fruit quality

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Growth and quality of Garcinia humilis seedlings as a function of substrate and shading level

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632018v4853500 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 407-413

Author(s):

Bruna Luzia Barbosa da Silva ◽

Edilson Costa ◽

Flavio Ferreira da Silva Binotti ◽

Cleiton Gredson Sabin Benett ◽

Abimael Gomes da Silva

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Seedling Production ◽

High Quality ◽

Fine Grain ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Successful Establishment ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The successful establishment of a Garcinia humilis orchard depends on planting high-quality seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the shading level (0 %, 18 % and 50 %) and substrate composition on the formation of G. humilis seedlings. Four substrates (S) were evaluated combining different proportions (v:v) of soil (SO), cattle manure (CM), commercial substrate (CS), sand (SA) and fine grain vermiculite (FV): S1 = 0 % SO + 45 % CM + 20 % CS + 20 % SA + 15 % FV; S2 = 15 % SO + 30 % CM + 20 % CS + 20 % SA + 15 % FV; S3 = 30 % SO + 15 % CM + 20 % CS + 20 % SA + 15 % FV; S4 = 45 % SO + 0 % CM + 20 % CS + 20 % SA + 15 % FV. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in each environment, being the environments compared by a joint analysis. The G. humilis seedlings with the highest quality were obtained in the environment with a 50 % shading screen. G. humilis seedlings do not grow when exposed to full sunlight and, therefore, the seedling production of this species with direct solar radiation, without some shading level, should not be recommended. Different combinations from the mixture of soil, cattle manure, commercial substrate, sand and fine grain vermiculite may be used in the formulation of substrates for G. humilis seedlings.

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