scholarly journals Extraction, purification and application of hydrolysed collagen from fish skin

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Binh C. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Collagen Hydrolysate ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature ◽  
Ultraviolet Ray

Collagen hydrolysate is a mixture of peptides which have molecular weight less than 20 kDa and are obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen or gelatin. It has extraordinary properties and bioactivities compared to collagen and gelatin, such as antioxidant, anti-freezing, anti-microbial, ultraviolet ray prevention, and stimulator for the healing hormones of arthritis. Thus, collagen hydrolysate is widely used in functional foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The procedure to produce hydrolysate collagen from fish skin begins with the process of removing non-collagen substances, then enzymatic hydrolysis, and finally purification and fragmentation of collagen hydrolysate. The removal of non-collagen agents usually employs sodium hydroxide. Depending on the chemical composition of the fish skin, sodium hydroxide concentration ranges from 0.05 M to 0.1 M, the ratio of fish skin weight to sodium hydroxide solution is 1:10 (w/v) and soaking time is from 6 to 24 hours. Currently, many studies use protease enzymes to hydrolyze collagen. Depending on the type and source of enzyme, the collagen hydrolysate products have different degrees of hydrolysis (DH). Each type of enzyme needs to be performed at its optimum catalytic conditions such as pH, enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio, hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time to achieve maximum DH and desired molecular weight of the obtained peptides. For rapid and effective separation of the collagen fragments, ultrafiltration or gel filtration chromatography are usually used.

scholarly journals Optimization of Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Wheat Straw Powder by Cellulases and Xylanases From Aspergillus Niger HQ-1 Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Junhui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract To maximize fermentable sugars production, response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to optimize pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw powder (WSP) using the crude cellulases preparation containing xylanases from Aspergillus niger HQ-1. Factors of pretreatment including sodium hydroxide concentration, pretreatment time and temperature were found to have significant effects on sugars production. Results indicated that WSP with particle size 0.3 mm should be pretreated using 1.8% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution with 25.0% (w/v) of solid loading at 94.0°C for 46.0 min and the optimized pretreatment conditions could result in 90.9% of cellulose recovery, 54.6% of hemicellulose recovery and 72.7% of lignin removal, respectively. Furthermore, variables of enzymatic hydrolysis including enzyme loading, biomass loading and reaction time were proved to have significant effects on sugars yields. After hydrolysis at 50°C for 44.8 h with 7.1% (w/v) of biomass loading, 8.1 FPU/g of enzyme loading and 0.2% (w/v) of Tween-80, maximum yields of reducing sugar (632.92 mg/g) and xylose (149.83 mg/g) could be obtained, respectively. In addition, holocellulose and hemicellulose conversion were 81.6% and 80.0%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about systematic optimization of sodium hydroxide pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of WSP using RSM.

scholarly journals Hydrolysate from Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Meat: Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Optimization and Bioactive Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5228
Author(s):  
Sara A. Cunha ◽  
Rita de Castro ◽  
Ezequiel R. Coscueta ◽  
Manuela Pintado
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature ◽  
Market Criteria ◽  
Enzyme Ratio ◽  
Production Conditions

Mussel production generates losses and waste since their commercialisation must be aligned with target market criteria. Since mussels are rich in proteins, their meat can be explored as a source of bioactive hydrolysates. Thus, the main objective of this study was to establish the optimal production conditions through two Box–Behnken designs to produce, by enzymatic hydrolysis (using subtilisin and corolase), hydrolysates rich in proteins and with bioactive properties. The factorial design allowed for the evaluation of the effects of three factors (hydrolysis temperature, enzyme ratio, and hydrolysis time) on protein/peptides release as well as antioxidant and anti-hypertensive properties of the hydrolysates. The hydrolysates produced using the optimised conditions using the subtilisin protease showed 45.0 ± 0.38% of protein, antioxidant activity via ORAC method of 485.63 ± 60.65 µmol TE/g of hydrolysate, and an IC50 for the inhibition of ACE of 1.0 ± 0.56 mg of protein/mL. The hydrolysates produced using corolase showed 46.35 ± 1.12% of protein, antioxidant activity of 389.48 ± 0.21 µmol TE/g of hydrolysate, and an IC50 for the inhibition of ACE of 3.7 ± 0.33 mg of protein/mL. Mussel meat losses and waste can be used as a source of hydrolysates rich in peptides with relevant bioactive properties, and showing potential for use as ingredients in different industries, such as food and cosmetics, contributing to a circular economy and reducing world waste.

Study on Extracting TB from Liubao Tea with Cellulase Auxiliary Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1870-1874
Author(s):  
Ying Zi He ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Xue Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Extraction Condition ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature

A new way using cellulase as auxiliary method to extract theabrownin (TB) from Guangxi Liubao Tea was proposed in this article. Single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to analysis the best extraction condition of TB from Tea. The effects of the enzyme dose, enzymatic hydrolysis time, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature and the PH of extraction were investigated by orthogonal test. Results showed that the order of influence factors was enzymatic hydrolysis time, the PH of extraction, enzyme dose and enzymatic hydrolysis temperature. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: the dosage of cellulose 20 mg/g, the enzymatic hydrolysis time 40 min, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 30°C,the extraction PH=4. The highest extraction ration can attach 24.503%.

Determination of High and Low Molecular Weight Molecules of Icodextrin in Plasma and Dialysate, Using Gel Filtration Chromatography, in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvia García–López ◽  
Björn Anderstam ◽  
Olof Heimbürger ◽  
Gianpaolo Amici ◽  
Andrzej Werynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Objective The aim of this study was to apply high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with modern gel filtration media to determine high molecular weight (HMW) icodextrin fractions and low molecular weight (LMW) icodextrin metabolites in dialysate and plasma in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients on treatment with icodextrin, and to explore the potential relationships between these compounds, α-amylase activity, and glomerular filtration rate. Design Retrospective study of dialysate and plasma samples from PD patients. Setting Samples were collected at one PD center. Patients Blood and dialysate samples were obtained from PD patients who were subdivided into three groups: patients using only glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluid (GPDF; GLU group, n = 23), patients studied after the first long dwell with icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis fluid (IPDF; 1st ICO group, n = 24), and patients who were regular users of IPDF for the long dwells (ICO group, n = 9). Methods LMW icodextrin metabolites [ i.e., maltose (G2), maltotriose (G3), maltotetraose (G4), maltopentaose (G5), maltohexaose (G6), and maltoheptaose (G7)] and HMW fractions were determined in plasma and dialysate using two different gel filtration HPLC methods. Enzymatic hydrolysis with amyloglucosidase to glucose yielded the total carbohydrate content and this was used to validate the HPLC results. α-Amylase activity was determined using a routine method. Results The results obtained by gel filtration HPLC yielded values of LMW metabolites and HMW fractions in plasma and dialysate in agreement with results obtained with enzymatic hydrolysis. HMW fractions were not detectable in plasma. Absorption of icodextrin from the peritoneal cavity during the long dwell (10 – 16 hours) was, on average, 39% of the amount instilled. During the long dwell, there was a relative decrease in the dialysate concentration of the largest HMW fractions (>21.4 kDa). Plasma concentration of the LMW icodextrin metabolites G2–G7 was highest in the ICO group (2.65 ± 0.54 mg/mL) but also higher in the 1st ICO group (1.97 ± 0.57 mg/mL) compared with the GLU group (0.52 ± 0.23 mg/mL). Plasma α-amylase activity was significantly lower in the 1st ICO group and in the ICO group compared with the GLU group. Conclusions Accurate analysis of HMW icodextrin fractions in dialysate and LMW icodextrin metabolites in plasma and dialysate in PD patients can be achieved by gel filtration HPLC with two different columns. This method can be used to study the complex pattern of changes in icodextrin and its metabolites in plasma and dialysate. The finding that HMW icodextrin fractions were not detected in plasma was unexpected, and differs from results of previous studies by other researchers.

Microwave Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stalks for L-Lactic Acid Production

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 712-715
Author(s):  
Xue Xin Yang ◽  
Gui Zhen Fang
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Yield Ratio ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Dilute Sodium Hydroxide

Glucose production from pretreated corn stalks by cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase was investigated and compared with no pretreatment, as a reference. The corn stalks were pretreated with microwave, sulfuric acid hydrolysis and dilute sodium hydroxide solution hydrolysis respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were carried out at 50°C, 50 g/l dry matter (DM) solid substrate concentration and 15 filter paper unit (IU)/g DM of a commercial cellulase. Fermentable sugar was able to be produced from all the pretreated corn stalks with an overall yield of 29-58% of the maximum theoretical yield, based on the glucan available in the solid and liquid substrate. The corn stalks pretreated with dilute acid had the best glucose yield as 58.09% followed by the corn stalks pretreated with acid and microwave with an overall yield of 57.02% with 15 IU/g DM of cellulase. Glucose was the main product with enzymatic hydrolysis yield ratio 38.89%in the dilute sulfuric acid pretreated corn stalks, while with enzymatic hydrolysis yield ratio 51.07%in the dilute sodium hydroxide solution and microwave pretreated corn stalks under enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. These advantages, along with their negative price, make these solids a valuable raw material for L-lactic acid production.

scholarly journals Conformational and Functional Properties of Soybean Proteins Produced by Extrusion-Hydrolysis Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wenjun Ma ◽  
Baokun Qi ◽  
Rokayya Sami ◽  
Lianzhou Jiang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Soybean Proteins ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Water Holding

The conformational and functional changes of soybean protein after a hybrid extrusion-hydrolysis method were evaluated. Three extrusion temperatures (60, 80, and 100°C) were used prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolysis degrees, molecular weight profiles, solubilities, surface hydrophobicities, sulphydryl contents, disulfide bound, water holding capacity, emulsion, and foam properties of the protein isolated from the enzyme-hydrolyzed extruded soybeans were analyzed. It shows that extrusion caused significant changes in the hydrophobicity, molecular weight distribution, solubility, surface hydrophobicity, emulsification activity, and stability of the protein. The increase of molecular weights could be attributed to the formation of protein aggregates during extrusion. Extrusion and enzymatic hydrolysis led to a sharp increase in the number of disulfide bonds with a decrease of the sulphydryl group. The water holding capacity and the solubility of protein increased with the increase of extrusion temperature and hydrolysis time. Extrusion improved the emulsifying activity but reduced the emulsifying stability of the recovered proteins. Extrusion improved the foam capacity but reduced the foam stability of the proteins. The data demonstrated that the extrusion-hydrolysis treatment significantly altered the conformational and functional properties of soybean protein, which may be further optimized for the development of new soy protein ingredient with desired functional properties.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose for Bioethanol Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
Linda Rozenfelde ◽  
Māris Puķe ◽  
Irēna Krūma ◽  
Ieva Poppele ◽  
Nataļja Matjuškova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Furfural Production

Abstract The effect of temperature, time and amount of enzyme on hydrolysis of wheat straw lignocellulose remaining after furfural production was studied. The residual substrate was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at different temperatures — 45 °C, 50 °C and 55 °C. Hydrolysis time was 72 hours, and samples were taken every 24 hours. The maximum glucose yield (76.5% of the theoretically possible) was reached when hydrolysis temperature 50 °C was used. The production rate of glucose increased with a hydrolysis period of time. The yield of glucose significantly depended on the ratio of enzyme to substrate.

scholarly journals Optimization and Quality Analysis of Different Extraction Methods of Palm Seed Oil

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qi-Zhao Li ◽  
Zheng-Qun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Enzymatic Extraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature

The extraction process of palm seed oil was optimized. Using palm seed as raw material, oil extraction rate was used as an index. The effects of flash extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, supercritical extraction, and aqueous enzymatic extraction on the yield of palm seed oil were investigated. The extraction methods and technological conditions of palm seed oil were optimized by the orthogonal method on the basis of single factor. The seed oil was analyzed and detected. The results showed that the water enzymatic extraction method was the best, and the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis time 16 h, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50°C, and enzymatic content 2.0%. The oil yield of palm seed was 16.48%. Conclusion. Water enzymatic extraction process of palm seed oil is reasonable, the active ingredients are rich, and the quality of seed oil is better, providing reference for the development and research of palm seed oil.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Recombinant Desulphatohirudin

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Electricwala ◽  
L Irons ◽  
R Wait ◽  
R J G Carr ◽  
R J Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recombinant Molecule

SummaryPhysico-chemical properties of recombinant desulphatohirudin expressed in yeast (CIBA GEIGY code No. CGP 39393) were reinvestigated. As previously reported for natural hirudin, the recombinant molecule exhibited abnormal behaviour by gel filtration with an apparent molecular weight greater than that based on the primary structure. However, molecular weight estimation by SDS gel electrophoresis, FAB-mass spectrometry and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy were in agreement with the theoretical molecular weight, with little suggestion of dimer or aggregate formation. Circular dichroism studies of the recombinant molecule show similar spectra at different pH values but are markedly different from that reported by Konno et al. (13) for a natural hirudin-variant. Our CD studies indicate the presence of about 60% beta sheet and the absence of alpha helix in the secondary structure of recombinant hirudin, in agreement with the conformation determined by NMR studies (17)

Isolation and Characterization of Plasminogen Activator from Pig Leucocytes

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 072-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kopitar ◽  
M Stegnar ◽  
B Accetto ◽  
D Lebez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Inhibition Studies ◽  
Final Purification

SummaryPlasminogen activator was isolated from disrupted pig leucocytes by the aid of DEAE chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and final purification on CM cellulose, or by preparative gel electrophoresis.Isolated plasminogen activator corresponds No. 3 band of the starting sample of leucocyte cells (that is composed from 10 gel electrophoretic bands).pH optimum was found to be in pH range 8.0–8.5 and the highest pH stability is between pH range 5.0–8.0.Inhibition studies of isolated plasminogen activator were performed with EACA, AMCHA, PAMBA and Trasylol, using Anson and Astrup method. By Astrup method 100% inhibition was found with EACA and Trasylol and 30% with AMCHA. PAMBA gave 60% inhibition already at concentration 10–3 M/ml. Molecular weight of plasminogen activator was determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The value obtained from 4 different samples was found to be 28000–30500.

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