scholarly journals Do Norwegians with diabetes have a healthier diet than the general population?

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Aas ◽  
Lars Johansson ◽  
Kirsti Bjerkan ◽  
Nina Lorentsen ◽  
Ingrid Løvold Mostad
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Comparison Results

Objective: Review current knowledge about dietary habits among people with diabetes in Norway compared with the general population and nutrient- and food-based dietary recommendations. Method: Baseline dietary data from four intervention studies in subjects with type 2 diabetes, were merged (n=92) and compared with data extracted from a nationwide dietary survey, NORKOST, where participants with diabetes (n=115) were compared with a gender and age matched control group (n=575). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used for dietary assessment. An overview of previously published data from two studies among young people with type 1 diabetes was included for comparison. Results: Subjects with diabetes had an intake of carbohydrates in the lower recommended range and lower than the controls, which was reflected in a lower intake of added sugar, sweets, potatoes, sugar-sweetened beverages, and fruit juices. Subjects with diabetes had a fiber intake which was similar or higher than controls, but below the recommended intake. They reported a higher proportion of energy from protein and fat than controls, reflecting the higher intake of meat, fish, edible fats, and high-fat meat products. There was a higher intake of vegetables, fruits and whole grain among subjects with diabetes compared with controls, but also a higher intake of red meat. Conclusion: Compared with the recommendations, people with diabetes had a low intake of carbohydrates and a high intake of protein and fat, but they made more healthy choices regarding intake of selected food groups compared with the control groups.

scholarly journals Frequently Consumed Foods and Energy Contributions among Food Secure and Insecure U.S. Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Eicher-Miller ◽  
Carol J. Boushey ◽  
Regan L. Bailey ◽  
Yoon Jung Yang
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Food Security Status

Food insecurity is associated with nutritional risk in children. This study identified and compared the most frequently consumed foods, beverages, and food groups and their contributions to energy intake among U.S. children and adolescents (6–11, 12–17 years) by food security status. Dietary intake from the day-1, 24-h dietary recall, and household child food security status were analyzed in the 2007–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 8123). Foods and beverages were classified into food categories, ranked, and compared by weighted proportional frequency and energy contribution for food security groups by age. Significant differences between household child food security groups were determined using the Rao-Scott modified chi-square statistic. The weighted proportional frequency of beverages (including diet, sweetened, juice, coffee, and tea) and their energy was significantly higher among food insecure compared with food secure while the reverse was true for water frequency among 12–17 years. Beverage and mixed dish frequency were higher among food insecure compared with food secure 6–11 years while the reverse was true for frequency and energy from snacks. Frequency-differentiated intake patterns for beverages and snacks by food security across age groups may inform dietary recommendations, population-specific dietary assessment tools, interventions, and policy for food insecure children.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Dietary Habits Between Recreational Runners and a Randomly Selected Adult Population in Slovenia / Primerjava Prehranskih Navad Rekreativnih Tekačev In Naključno Izbranih Odraslih Ljudi V Sloveniji

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-221
Author(s):  
Branko Škof ◽  
Nada Rotovnik Kozjek
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to compare the dietary habits of recreational runners with those of a random sample of the general population. We also wanted to determine the influence of gender, age and sports performance of recreational runners on their basic diet and compliance with recommendations in sports nutrition. Methods. The study population consisted of 1,212 adult Slovenian recreational runners and 774 randomly selected residents of Slovenia between the ages of 18 and 65 years. The data on the dietary habits of our subjects was gathered by means of two questionnaires. The following parameters were evaluated: the type of diet, a food pattern, and the frequency of consumption of individual food groups, the use of dietary supplements, fluid intake, and alcohol consumption. Results. Recreational runners had better compliance with recommendations for healthy nutrition than the general population. This pattern increased with the runner’s age and performance level. Compared to male runners, female runners ate more regularly and had a more frequent consumption of food groups associated with a healthy diet (fruit, vegetables, whole grain foods, and low-fat dairy products). The consumption of simple sugars and use of nutritional supplements by well-trained runners was inadequate with values recommended for physically active individuals. Conclusion. Recreational runners are an exemplary population group that actively seeks to adopt a healthier lifestyle.

scholarly journals Intake of Plant Based Foods and Colorectal Cancer. A Case-Control Study in Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ioana GAVRILAŞ ◽  
Corina IONESCU ◽  
Ovidiu BĂLĂCESCU ◽  
Daniela MURESAN ◽  
Cornelia REVNIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Control Study

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common type of cancer worldwide with high incidence rates in our country as well. Both dietary habits and lifestyle factors have a strong contribution in preventing colorectal cancer. A healthy dietary pattern based on adequate intake of fruit, non-starchy vegetables, and whole grains is associated with positive outcomes regarding CRC development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dietary intake of plant-based food and food groups, along with lifestyle habits of CRC patients. A case-control study was conducted during April 2015 – October 2017. Patients (n=151) recently diagnosed with CRC and undergoing conventional treatment were recruited from Medisprof Oncology Hospital. Controls (n=151) were selected randomly from generally healthy adults. Dietary and lifestyle data were collected during a face to face interview and the applied lifestyle questionnaire included 74 items. The results showed that intake of specific food groups with high content of bioactive components was significantly higher in the control group compared to the CRC group (p<0.05), even though overall vegetable intake was similar between groups (p=0.51). Results also showed significant lower intakes of fiber-rich foods such as whole grains, nuts and legumes in the CRC group.

scholarly journals Dietary habits and adherence to dietary recommendations in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with the general population in Denmark

Nutrition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Ewers ◽  
Ellen Trolle ◽  
Sabine Schade Jacobsen ◽  
Dorte Vististen ◽  
Thomas Peter Almdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
General Population ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Recommendations

scholarly journals Acculturation and dietary habits of Korean Americans

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongseon Kim ◽  
Mabel M. Chan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Korean Americans ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Total Fat

This is the first study to investigate how food and nutrient intakes vary with the levels of acculturation of Korean Americans using a dietary assessment tool tested for validity and reliability. The respondents were Korean Americans (n 486) resident in the Greater New York metropolitan area, USA. They were divided into two groups according to the total score of acculturation: low- and high-acculturated groups. Using a food-frequency questionnaire and a modified Suinn-Lew Asian self-identity acculturation scale, differences in the frequencies of food items, food groups and nutrient intakes consumed were analysed by level of acculturation. The low-acculturated group tended to consume significantly more rice, mixed rice, soyabean paste chigae (pot stew), saengsun (fish) chigae, kimchi chigae, other fish broiled or baked, eggs, kimchi, spinach, persimmons, and white or brown sugar in coffee or tea. The high-acculturated group demonstrated a statistically greater tendency to consume bread, cereal, spaghetti, ham, green salad, sweetcorn, chocolate, candies and diet soft drinks. The more acculturated an individual, the more significant was the tendency to consume sweets. The more acculturated group had significantly (P<0·05) higher intakes of % energy from total fat, thiamin, vitamin E and folate, while the low-acculturated group consumed greater amounts of Na, niacin and dietary fibre. The information from the present study can be used to describe dietary habits according to various aspects of acculturation, and allows a better understanding of the dynamics of acculturation and dietary habits.

scholarly journals DINO (Diet In Nutrients Out) – an integrated dietary assessment system

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Fitt ◽  
Darren Cole ◽  
Nida Ziauddeen ◽  
David Pell ◽  
Elizabeth Stickley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Human Nutrition Research ◽  
Portion Sizes

AbstractObjectiveThe current paper describes Diet In Nutrients Out (DINO), an integrated dietary assessment system incorporating dietary data entry and nutritional analysis within one platform for use in dietary assessment in small-scale intervention studies to national surveys.DesignDINO contains >6000 food items, mostly aggregated composites of branded foods, across thirty-one main food groups divided into 151 subsidiary groups for detailed reporting requirements, with fifty-three core nutrient fields.SettingMRC Human Nutrition Research (HNR), Cambridge, UK and MRC Keneba, Gambia.SubjectsDINO is used across dietary assessment projects at HNR and MRC Keneba.ResultsDINO contains macro- and micronutrients as well as additional variables of current research and policy interest, such as caffeine, whole grains, vitamin K and added sugars. Disaggregated data are available for fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and cheese in composite foods, enabling greater accuracy when reporting food consumption or assessing adherence to dietary recommendations. Portion sizes are categorised in metric and imperial weights, with standardised portion sizes for each age group. Regular reviews are undertaken for portion sizes and food composition to ensure contemporary relevance. A training programme and a checking schedule are adhered to for quality assurance purposes, covering users and data. Eating context questions are integrated to record where and with whom the respondent is eating, allowing examination between these factors and the foods consumed.ConclusionsAn up-to-date quality-assured system for dietary assessment is crucial for nutritional surveillance and research, but needs to have the flexibility to be tailored to address specific research questions.

scholarly journals Generating the evidence for risk reduction: a contribution to the future of food-based dietary guidelines

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schwingshackl ◽  
Sabrina Schlesinger ◽  
Brecht Devleesschauwer ◽  
Georg Hoffmann ◽  
Angela Bechthold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Meta Analyses

A major advantage of analyses on the food group level is that the results are better interpretable compared with nutrients or complex dietary patterns. Such results are also easier to transfer into recommendations on primary prevention of non-communicable diseases. As a consequence, food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) are now the preferred approach to guide the population regarding their dietary habits. However, such guidelines should be based on a high grade of evidence as requested in many other areas of public health practice. The most straightforward approach to generate evidence is meta-analysing published data based on a careful definition of the research question. Explicit definitions of study questions should include participants, interventions/exposure, comparisons, outcomes and study design. Such type of meta-analyses should not only focus on categorical comparisons, but also on linear and non-linear dose–response associations. Risk of bias of the individual studies of the meta-analysis should be assessed, rated and the overall credibility of the results scored (e.g. using NutriGrade). Tools such as a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews or ROBIS are available to evaluate the methodological quality/risk of bias of meta-analyses. To further evaluate the complete picture of evidence, we propose conducting network meta-analyses (NMA) of intervention trials, mostly on intermediate disease markers. To rank food groups according to their impact, disability-adjusted life years can be used for the various clinical outcomes and the overall results can be compared across the food groups. For future FBDG, we recommend to implement evidence from pairwise and NMA and to quantify the health impact of diet–disease relationships.

scholarly journals Mediterranean diet adherence among cosmetology students

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-307
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jeziorek ◽  
Alicja Szypowska ◽  
Bożena Regulska-Ilow
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Study Participants

Background. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is universally recognized as the healthiest model of nutrition whose beneficial effects help prevent many diet-related diseases. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess cosmetology students’ adherence to the Mediterranean Diet using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Material and methods. The study group consisted of 175 cosmetology students of the School of Physiotherapy whose dietary habits were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 154 food and drink items representative of the diet during the last year. We analyzed data obtained from FFQ and calculated the average number of daily and/or weekly servings from each of the 9 MDS food groups (grains, vegetables, fruits/nuts, milk/dairy products, meat/meat products, legumes, alcohol, olive oil, fish). To obtain more reliable results, we analyzed other products consumed by study participants (sweets, beverages, eggs and potatoes). Study participants were assigned 0, 1 or 2 points for each MDS ingredient. Mediterranean diet adherence was assessed on a 17-point scale. Low adherence to MD was defined at 0-7 points, moderate at 8-10 points, and high at 11-17 points. Results. The mean MDS was 7.1 ± 2.3. Students who were assigned 11-17 points (n = 20) consumed significantly more vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, fish, olive oil and significantly less meat, meat products, milk, dairy, and sweets compared to study participants who were assigned the lowest number of points (n = 78). We reported significant differences in the amounts of consumed vegetables and sweets between participants who received 8-10 points (n = 77) and those who received 11-17 points. The higher MDS was significantly associated with the higher intakes of vegetables and dietary fiber. Conclusions. The dietary patterns of study group of Polish cosmetology students did not adhere to the MD recommendations.

scholarly journals The role of linoleic and α-linolenic acids and their metabolites in maintaining chronic inflammation and developing colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 464-470
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Walkiewicz ◽  
Karolina Janion ◽  
Monika Gętek-Paszek ◽  
Ewa Nowakowska-Zajdel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
The Right

For many years it has been postulated the role of dietary factors, in particular the consumption of fatty acids, in the development of cancer. It has been confirmed in numerous epidemiological observations, as well as the experimental studies on cell lines. Despite numerous studies the role of various fatty acids and their metabolites, has not been clearly established. Among others there are still under investigation on the importance of linoleic acid, belonging to the group of polyunsaturated omega-6. Because of the diversity of scientific reports authors of this publication are trying to make a critical synthesis analysis of current knowledge of the postulated role of linoleic acid in development of colon cancer. And they also attempt to draw practical conclusions from them. The ability to modify their lifestyle, including dietary habits, and their real impact on the development of malignancies is a very important area of research, and can have an impact on the cancer epidemiology. Based on currently available data, dietary recommendations can be made for individual polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is recommended that in adults the LA share was 4% of the energy value of the diet, while the α-linolenic acid share was 0.5% of the energy value of the diet. In addition, in order to provide the right amount of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, it is recommended to include at least 2 portions of fish per week, including 1 portion of oily fish.

Calcium Intake in Relation to Diet and Health Indicators in Cretan Primary and High School Pupils, Greece

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moschandreas ◽  
Anthony Kafatos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Grain Products

In recent years, the issue of dietary calcium (Ca) requirements is said to have caused more controversy than requirements for any other nutrient. There is little published data on dietary Ca intake levels in Greek children and relationships with other health indicators. Pupils at twenty primary and ten high schools in Crete, Greece, were examined as part of a wider study of the dietary habits and health status of children and adolescents. A total of 1054 children participated: 583 9- to12-year-olds and 471 14- to 16-year-olds. “High” and “low” Ca intake in each age group was defined using upper and lower Ca intake quartiles for each sex. Multiple regression techniques were used to examine associations after adjustment for energy intake. No statistical association was observed between calcium intake and serum lipoproteins, anthropometric measurements, or physical activity status. Energy-adjusted Ca intakes were positively associated with intakes of protein, saturated fatty acid (SFA), magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin A, and vitamin B2, whereas higher Ca intakes were associated with lower monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and omega-6 fatty acid intakes. In both age groups, pupils with high Ca intake had higher intakes of the food groups “milk and milk products” and “grains and grain products” than those with low Ca intake, although even “high” Ca intake in older female Cretan pupils (with a 75th percentile cut-off of 999 mg/day) may not be at adequate levels.

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