scholarly journals E-13 Role of Gogera District in the War of Independence-1857

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Abdul Rashid Tahir ◽  
Qaswar Abbas Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Large Area ◽  
British Raj ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The People ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Masses

Different ethnic groups of India challenged the British Raj in the Great War of Independence-1857. A large number of local soldiers from different districts of Punjab province also left the British Army to stand up against the brutality of East India Company. Meanwhile, the people of the Gogera District played their vital role against the colonial forces. Among them, Ahmad Khan Kharal, Murad Fatiana, and their comrades set up a freedom fight at a vast level to challenge the hegemony of the imperialistic Army.  Their struggle had such momentum that it nullified the British control over a large area of Punjab, especially the Gogera District. Another development that invited the colonial wrath was that the people of the Gogera District refused to give revenue to the British government. This was an open rebellion that posed a serious challenge to the British Authority. The freedom fighters under the leadership of Ahmad Khan Kharal sacrificed their lives to protect their religious, cultural, and ethnic values.  In this article, the resistance and the revolutionary role of the masses of Gogera are evaluated.

scholarly journals The Promise of the 1821 Revolution and the Suffering Body. Some thoughts on Modernisation and Anti-intellectualism

2013 ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Andriakaina
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Popular Narrative ◽  
The People ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
Popular View ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Popular Nationalism

How can we understand and interpret the popular narrative of the 1821 revolution that speaks for the suffering body of the fighter while it reproaches the "Frenchified heterochthons" and conveys a kind of anti intellectualism (defined broadly and loosely by Merle Curti as "a suspicion of, opposition to, or derogation of intellectuals")? The popular view of 1821 has its origins in the memoirs of the "freedom fighters" written after the War of Independence. Its main motifs travelled from the early nineteenth to the late twentieth century and lent themselves to multiple readings and various ideological uses. Although it has a socio political content, it cannot be explained in terms of a grand narrative of class war, as some Marxist historians of the twentieth century argue; neither can it be understood in terms of the grand narrative of Greek modernisation, that is, as a survival from a previous stage of historical development, a relic from the past, even though it draws its motives from traditional sources and idealises the role of chieftains in the War of Independence. I suggest that we approach the anti-intellectualism of the early nineteenth century from an anti-essentialist perspective of Greek history that highlights the Janus-face of modernisation and the ambivalent nature of modern ideologies (especially of popular nationalism) with regard to the relation between the intellectual and the people or the nation.

scholarly journals Impact of British Raj on the Education System in India: The Process of Modernization in the Princely States of India – The case of Mohindra College, Patiala

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Kanika Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
East India Company ◽  
British Raj ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Postal Services ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Princely State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Impact

British rule is said to have been responsible for the modernization witnessed in the Indian civilization. The impact of this process was quiet evident from the changes adopted by the Indians in their life style, thinking processes, attires, food and education. Besides the advancements made in the spheres of roads, transports, postal services etc, their rule acted as a significant period of transition from the indigenous style of education to western education. The foundations were laid by the East India Company and the Christian Missionaries to employ Indians for administrative tasks as well as to serve their political, economical and colonial interests. Originally the access to education was limited to the royal families, as the British were of the opinion that Indians could become aware of their rights and positions and protest against their Raj posing a threat to the British establishment in India. Lord Curzon’s efforts in the 20th century gave way to spread of higher education within the masses and channelized Indian education system. However the rulers of the Princely States in of India who were granted autonomy by the British to manage their own kingdoms acted as major agents to undertake the social and educational reforms within their territories. With the spread of education from elementary to higher levels, many new schools, universities and other institutions were developed during this period which are symbols of educational advancement as well as hold high architectural merit. Patiala, aprime princely state is a well known academic centre also important for its rich culture since the British Raj. Education in Patiala originated under the Maharajas with the opening of the school of languages in 1860A.D. With the introduction of Mahindra College (the first Degree College in a city) in 1870, became came an important educational centre. It was the only college between Delhi and Lahore for a long time that promoted contemporary higher learning in Northern India. The historic college building represents an aesthetic mix of regional interpretation of Indo-Saracenic style of architecture. Later on many educational institutes catering to medical facilities, sports education etc. was set up in this princely state. This paper is thus an attempt to explore the education reforms during the British Raj, the changes that happened and their triggers. It also brings out reforms initiated in Princely States specifically Patiala as a seat of learning and a detailed study of the Mohindra College, Patiala, that represents an excellent example of educational institutions developed during the 19th century. The present study was done as a part of an academic project undertaken during Masters of Architecture under the able guidance of Prof Kiran Joshi..

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

Covid-19 – rumours and facts in media

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Tarare Toshida ◽  
Chaple Jagruti
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

The covid-19 resulted in broad range of spread throughout the world in which India has also became a prey of it and in this situation the means of media is extensively inϑluencing the mentality of the people. Media always played a role of loop between society and sources of information. In this epidemic also media is playing a vital role in shaping the reaction in ϑirst place for both good and ill by providing important facts regarding symptoms of Corona virus, preventive measures against the virus and also how to deal with any suspect of disease to overcome covid-19. On the other hand, there are endless people who spread endless rumours overs social media and are adversely affecting life of people but we always count on media because they provide us with valuable answers to our questions, facts and everything in need. Media always remains on top of the line when it comes to stop the out spread of rumours which are surely dangerous kind of information for society. So on our side we should react fairly and maturely to handle the situation to keep it in the favour of humanity and help government not only to ϑight this pandemic but also the info emic.

The Facilitators I: Policing

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-105
Author(s):  
Deana Heath
Keyword(s):  
Structural Violence ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
British Government ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Legal Violence ◽  
Set Up

Focusing on the role of atrocity facilitators, particularly colonial officials and the British government, in the governmentalization of torture by the police and other officials in colonial India, this chapter examines the ways in which, following the transfer of India’s governance from the East India Company to the Crown in 1858, the extra-legal violence of torture became systematized as a technology of colonial rule. Beginning with an analysis of what led to the perpetration of torture by state officials, the existence of which had long been known in both India and Britain, to erupt into scandal in 1854, the chapter interrogates how the commission set up to investigate torture led to the emergence of a new facilitatory discourse that served both to deny the existence of torture and the structural violence that underpinned it, as well as to displace blame for it from the colonial regime to its Indian subordinates. The chapter further explores how police reform in the commission’s aftermath was designed not to eradicate torture or ensure the welfare of the Indian populace but to safeguard the coercive and terrorizing powers of the colonial state

Military Subversion in the Chinese Revolution of 1911

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund S. K. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Chinese Revolution ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
The People ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Opening Phase ◽  
The Revolution

One interesting aspect of the Revolution of 1911 in China was the role of the new-style army. The new-style troops, as one category of revolutionary activists distinct from the civilian radical intellectuals, determined the opening phase of the revolution, initiating the Wuchang uprising and bringing pressure to bear on most of the provincial leaders. Their contribution was the physical strength which the revolutionary intellectuals, who provided the ideology, lacked. The army played its vital role, not in the beginning of the revolutionary movement, but at a later stage when the prevailing order had been discredited and the imperial government had lost the allegiance of the people. Indeed, the success of the revolution reflected the interaction between revolutionary ideas and military power.

Garden History and the Vital Role of Garden Plant Inventories in Conservation

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Michael Simpson ◽  
Kyleigh Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Garden History ◽  
The People ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Garden Plant ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Anyone who has visited a large old garden and seen the twisted remnant shrubs and big old trees in it may wonder about their past and worry about their future. The lumps and bumps on the ground and half-buried lines of stone may reveal clues to previous garden beds and structures. Old photographs may show a house in a luxuriant setting where we see only remnant trees and shrubs, and evidence of many phases of rise and decline. The study of a mature garden is inexorably linked to the study of the plants grown within it, as much as it is to an understanding of the people who made the garden and those who altered it and recorded it in successive generations.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION OF THE MENTALITY IN A TRANSITIVE SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Elena V. Kharitonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The article deals with the peculiarities of translating mentality through language in a transforming society. The article reveals the idea of a transitive society and the psychology of transitivity. It is shown that a transitive society influences social representations and values, determines attitudes and goals. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of language and mentality in the context of globalization, when there is an increase in changes in language, including in the Internet language. The language of the people is one of the main mechanisms for transmitting the mentality, through which a special national way of thinking is formed. Numerous studies have shown that the transitivity of society, accompanied by the influence of high technologies, informatization, and virtualization, has a transformative effect on the mentality as a whole. In the history of Russia, the fundamental transformations of society associated with the revolution of 1917 also determined changes in the language in the post-revolutionary period, which were manifested in the increase in the number of jargon, abbreviations of words, and the introduction of foreign borrowings into the language. In the works of scientists of those years, the peculiarities of the influence of foreign borrowings on people's consciousness and mentality in general were analyzed. V. M. Bekhterev, N. S. Trubetskoy, A. M. Selishchev, A. A. Potebnya and others paid attention to the study of these processes. Excessive changes in language can pose a threat to the national mentality due to their impact on traditional values, their destruction and the introduction of new values in a globalized world. The role of the media as a native speaker of a new language and as a tool for influencing mass consciousness is outlined. The most intensive manipulation of the masses through language influences increases in unstable, transitional periods of society development.

scholarly journals Spontaneous retinal pigment epithelial rip

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Kosyilya Arumugam ◽  
Ayesha Mohd Zain ◽  
Mushawiahti Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
The Right

This is a case report of a spontaneous retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) rip in a 64-year-old woman who presented with progressive, painless, blurring of vision in her right eye for 2 weeks. Her vision was 6/60 in the right eye and 6/6 in the left eye. On fundoscopy, there was a large depigmented area over the right posterior pole. A large area of RPE rip involving the fovea was revealed via optical coherence tomography and angiogram. Spontaneous RPE rip is a rare manifestation. However, when the fovea is involved the visual prognosis is poor. This article aims to highlight the vital role of multimodal imaging in aiding the diagnosis of RPE rips or tears.

Ancient Egyptians’ Atypical Relationship with Invertebrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 716-732
Author(s):  
Linda Evans ◽  
Philip Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Roles ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence

AbstractDespite the ubiquitous presence and vital role of invertebrates in all known ecological systems, insects and arachnids are largely viewed as repugnant by people. Consequently, until nature intervenes in the form of infestations, swarms or plagues, we largely prefer to ignore them, lest our attention invite unwelcome interaction. In contrast, the people of ancient Egypt did not distance themselves from invertebrates but instead celebrated their myriad forms. Egyptian appreciation of insects and arachnids is reflected in a range of art, artefacts, and texts dating from the predynastic era until the Greco-Roman period, revealing many positive cultural roles, from practical to conceptual. By assigning them a useful function, they were rendered visible and relevant to Egyptian society. The Egyptians’ example suggests that as necessity forces us to acknowledge the value of invertebrates—from their function as pollinators to becoming future food sources—our respect for them may also grow.

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