scholarly journals Família, educação e trabalho: as estratégias educativas das famílias em relação aos seus “descendentes” nas comarcas do Rio da Velhas e de Vila Rica entre cerca de 1720 e 1770

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Fabrício Vinhas Manini Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
The Social

O presente trabalho busca apresentar as principais das estratégias educativas das famílias em relação a sua descendência para as comarcas do Rio da Velhas e de Vila Rica entre cerca de 1720 e 1770. A partir do aparato conceitual cunhado por Pierre Bourdieu, o objetivo do trabalho é compreender os sentidos destas estratégias, principalmente, em relação a busca e manutenção da distinção social. A partir dos testamentos é possível mapear uma série de estratégias na busca ou manutenção desta distinção social. Para isto é necessário ir além da ideia que contemporaneamente se tem sobre educação, que basicamente se restringe ao ambiente escolar, pois esta e outras instituições deste tipo (seminários, internatos, conventos) eram bem menos comuns e em geral restritos a grupos sociais muito específicos na região e período em tela. Desta maneira, o que se pretende aqui é compreender como a religião, os ofícios, bem como a escola, mestres e professores funcionavam para estas famílias na intenção de educarem seus descendentes. Além disso, busca-se compreender como estas famílias se organizavam para garantir a educação, em seu sentido mais amplo, de seus herdeiros em um período e região nos quais não existiam colégios ou ordens religiosas atuando em Minas e também ainda não existiam políticas estatais tão claras sobre esta matéria.Family, education and work: the educational strategies of families in relation to their “descendants” in the comarca of Rio de Velhas and the omarca of Vila Rica (c. 1720 and c. 1770). The present paper tries has the main goal to present the educative strategies of the families in relation to their descendants in the comarca of Rio das Velhas and in the comarca of Vila Rica in the eighteenth century. In this paper, the conceptual apparatus coined by Pierre Bourdieu will be used. The main objective of the paper is to understand the meanings of these strategies, especially in relation to the achieve and maintain the social distinction. From the wills it is possible to map several strategies in the achieve and maintain the social distinction. However, it is necessary to go beyond the idea that we have at the present time about education and that it is restricted to school, this and other institutions similars (seminaries, boarding schools, convents) In general were restricted to very specific social groups in this region and age. In this way, what is intended here is to understand how religion, crafts, as well as school and teachers worked for these families in order to educate their descendants. In addition, it seeks to understand how these families were organized to ensure the education, in the wide sense, of their descendants in a period and region that did not exist, schools or colleges and religious orders do not operate in Minas and also there were not yet clear state policies for education. Keywords: Strategies; Educational strategies; Bourdieu; Eighteenth century.

Social Conflicts in Międzybóz in the Generation of the Besht

1996 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Moshe J. Rosman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Common People ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Town

This chapter evaluates the social conflicts in Międzybóż in the generation of the Besht. It characterizes the alignment of various social groups in the town, and suggests implications that these may have had for the Besht's status in the town and for the development of early hasidism. Discussions of social conflict in the Jewish communities of eighteenth-century Poland generally tend to consider the phenomenon in terms of the élite class versus the ‘common people’. According to the usual construction, rich, politically powerful individuals, particularly those with close ties to Polish magnates, monopolized control over the institutional resources of the Jewish community in order to benefit themselves and exploit or oppress the poor and powerless. There is evidence that, to some extent, this paradigm fits the circumstances of the Jews in Międzybóż during the time of the Besht's residence there.

scholarly journals Chinchilla de Montearagón y el diezmo eclesiástico de su distrito. Siglos XVII-XVIII

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 41-84
Author(s):  
Vicente Montojo Montojo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
The Social

: In this text, the participation of the population of Chinchilla and others of its district in the administration and management of ecclesiastical tithe in the 17th and 18th centuries, a part of the agrarian production that is delivered to the Diocese of Cartagena (bishop and council cathedral, based in Murcia) and the king (royal thirds) or even the lord in the case of manors. This popular action in the ecclesiastical tithe took place on the part of diverse social groups, reason why it is illustrative of the social organization and its evolution, in which the policy of the enlightened governments of the eighteenth century influenced by the liberalization of the cereal prices (previously appraised) and the setting of new contributions, such as the pious fund and frutos civiles. In this way, the social composition of Chinchilla is made known a little more, a city to which hardly any attention has been devoted in these aspects.

The social mobility of servants in rural Sweden, 1740–1894

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTER LUNDH
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Marriage Pattern ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Limited Period

For most people in pre-industrial Sweden, the occupation of being a servant was not a lifetime job but a temporary one at which they tried their hand for a limited period during their lives. The Western European marriage pattern with its late age at marriage meant that most individuals spent about 10–15 years preparing for adulthood: saving up, being trained and seeking a partner for life. During this phase of their lives they worked as servants, changed employer frequently and therefore migrated.Until the late eighteenth century the social structure in the Swedish countryside was quite homogeneous. The nobility possessed large estates which formed an important source of employment. These were, however, few in number, and the dominant social groups were peasants, freeholders (skattebönder) and tenants on crown or noble land (kronobönder, frälsebönder), as well as servants in peasant households or on the estates. There were, of course, people with other occupations, but they did not constitute large social groups. Thus, servants formed a special social category, but, as I mentioned, very few people belonged to the category for life. Let us contrast this homogeneous picture with the diversified social structure in the late nineteenth century.

scholarly journals From Plenipotentiary to Puddingless: Users and Uses of New Words in Early English Letters

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Tanja Säily ◽  
Eetu Mäkelä ◽  
Mika Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
English Civil War ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
New Words ◽  
Stable Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Early English

We study neologism use in two samples of early English correspon- dence, from 1640–1660 and 1760–1780. Of especial interest are the early adopters of new vocabulary, the social groups they represent, and the types and functions of their neologisms. We describe our computer­assisted approach and note the difficulties associated with massive variation in the corpus. Our findings include that while male letter­writers tend to use neologisms more frequently than women, the eighteenth century seems to have provided more opportunities for women and the lower ranks to participate in neologism use as well. In both samples, neologisms most frequently occur in letters written between close friends, which could be due to this less stable relationship triggering more creative language use. In the seventeenth­century sample, we observe the influence of the English Civil War, while the eighteenth­century sample appears to reflect the changing functions of letter­writing, as correspondence is increasingly being used as a tool for building and maintaining social relationships in addition to exchanging information.

scholarly journals Tributary Labour in the Russian Empire in the Eighteenth Century: Factors in Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (S24) ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Dmitry Khitrov
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Service Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article addresses the system of state-organized and state-controlled tributary labour in the Russian Empire in the eighteenth century. On the basis of the taxpayers’ registry of 1795, it focuses on the social groups obliged to perform military service or labour directly for the polity. They included the numerous “service class” of the southern and eastern frontier regions, including Russian, Ukrainian (mainly Cossack), and indigenous (Bashkir and Kalmyk) communities, and the group of pripisnye, peasants “bound” to industries and shipyards to work for their taxes. The rationale behind the use of this type of labour relation was, on the one hand, the need of the state to secure the support of labour in distant and poorly populated regions, and, on the other, that the communes of labourers saw performing work for the state as a strong guarantee of their landowning privileges.

Lord Dacre and the Politics of the Scottish Enlightenment

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
North East ◽  
The Social ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
Scottish History

Hugh Trevor-Roper (Lord Dacre) made several iconoclastic interventions in the field of Scottish history. These earned him a notoriety in Scottish circles which, while not undeserved, has led to the reductive dismissal of Trevor-Roper's ideas, particularly his controversial interpretation of the Scottish Enlightenment, as the product of Scotophobia. In their indignation Scottish historians have missed the wider issues which prompted Trevor-Roper's investigation of the Scottish Enlightenment as a fascinating case study in European cultural history. Notably, Trevor-Roper used the example of Scotland to challenge Weberian-inspired notions of Puritan progressivism, arguing instead that the Arminian culture of north-east Scotland had played a disproportionate role in the rise of the Scottish Enlightenment. Indeed, working on the assumption that the essence of Enlightenment was its assault on clerical bigotry, Trevor-Roper sought the roots of the Scottish Enlightenment in Jacobitism, the counter-cultural alternative to post-1690 Scotland's Calvinist Kirk establishment. Though easily misconstrued as a dogmatic conservative, Trevor-Roper flirted with Marxisant sociology, not least in his account of the social underpinnings of the Scottish Enlightenment. Trevor-Roper argued that it was the rapidity of eighteenth-century Scotland's social and economic transformation which had produced in one generation a remarkable body of political economy conceptualising social change, and in the next a romantic movement whose powers of nostalgic enchantment were felt across the breadth of Europe.

Doing Bodhisattva’s Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-32
Author(s):  
Le Hoang Anh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
The Social

This paper explores the charitable work of Buddhist women who work as petty traders in Hồ Chí Minh City. By focusing on the social interaction between givers and recipients, it examines the traders’ class identity, their perception of social stratification, and their relationship with the state. Charitable work reveals the petty traders’ negotiations with the state and with other social groups to define their moral and social status in Vietnam’s society. These negotiations contribute to their self-identification as a moral social class and to their perception of trade as ethical labor.

Main Forms of Propagandistic Activities of the Right-Wing Parties (1904–1914)

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 656-676
Author(s):  
Igor V. Omeliyanchuk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the main forms and methods of agitation and propagandistic activities of monarchic parties in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century. Among them the author singles out such ones as periodical press, publication of books, brochures and flyers, organization of manifestations, religious processions, public prayers and funeral services, sending deputations to the monarch, organization of public lectures and readings for the people, as well as various philanthropic events. Using various forms of propagandistic activities the monarchists aspired to embrace all social groups and classes of the population in order to organize all-class and all-estate political movement in support of the autocracy. While they gained certain success in promoting their ideology, the Rights, nevertheless, lost to their adversaries from the radical opposition camp, as the monarchists constrained by their conservative ideology, could not promise immediate social and political changes to the population, and that fact was excessively used by their opponents. Moreover, the ideological paradigm of the Right camp expressed in the “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality” formula no longer agreed with the social and economic realities of Russia due to modernization processes that were underway in the country from the middle of the 19th century.

SOCIAL CONFLICT: ARCHETYPAL NATURE AND RESOLUTION MECHANISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Ruslan Rafisovich Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Constructive Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge

On the basis of the archetypic analysis of development trends of a conflictological paradigm the author’s model of minimization of conflict potential in modern society is offered. Institutional construction is the basis for model that is harmonized with a factor of societal identity.It is noted that the problems of social conflicts, according to data from monitor- ing studies of the Ukrainian school of archetype, are increasingly shifted into the sphere of interpersonal relations. It is stimulated by the progression in society of so-called self-sufficient personalities, the “subjectification” of the social space, and at the same time narrowing down to the solution of entirely specific situations in which there is a collision of the interests of two or more parties.Instead, in order to find the optimal solution for resolving the conflict, it is necessary to have interdisciplinary knowledge, in particular understanding of the deep nature of such conflicts. Collision of points of view, thoughts, positions — a very frequent phenomenon of modern social life. In order to develop the correct line of behavior in various conflict situations, it is important to adequately under- stand the nature of the emergence of the modern conflict and the mechanisms for resolving them in substance. Knowledge of conflict nature enriches the culture of communication and makes human life and social groups not only more calm, but also creates conditions for constructive development. It is proved that in modern life one can not but agree with the statement that an individual carries first re- sponsibility for his own life and only then for the life of the social groups to which he belongs. And while making decisions within the framework of modern mecha- nisms (consensus), the properties of human psychology such as extroversion, emo- tionality, irrationality, intuition, externality, and executive ability will not at least contribute to such a task.That is why in the author’s research attracted attention to the archetypal na- ture of the conflict — the primitive images, ideas, feelings inherent in man as a bearer of the collective unconscious.

SOCIAL CONFLICT: ARCHETYPAL NATURE AND RESOLUTION MECHANISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Ruslan Rafisovich Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Constructive Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge

On the basis of the archetypic analysis of development trends of a conflictological paradigm the author’s model of minimization of conflict potential in modern society is offered. Institutional construction is the basis for model that is harmonized with a factor of societal identity. It is noted that the problems of social conflicts, according to data from monitoring studies of the Ukrainian school of archetype, are increasingly shifted into the sphere of interpersonal relations. It is stimulated by the progression in society of so-called self-sufficient personalities, the “subjectification” of the social space, and at the same time narrowing down to the solution of entirely specific situations in which there is a collision of the interests of two or more parties. Instead, in order to find the optimal solution for resolving the conflict, it is necessary to have interdisciplinary knowledge, in particular understanding of the deep nature of such conflicts. Collision of points of view, thoughts, positions — a very frequent phenomenon of modern social life. In order to develop the correct line of behavior in various conflict situations, it is important to adequately understand the nature of the emergence of the modern conflict and the mechanisms for resolving them in substance. Knowledge of conflict nature enriches the culture of communication and makes human life and social groups not only more calm, but also creates conditions for constructive development. It is proved that in modern life one can not but agree with the statement that an individual carries first responsibility for his own life and only then for the life of the social groups to which he belongs. And while making decisions within the framework of modern mechanisms (consensus), the properties of human psychology such as extroversion, emotionality, irrationality, intuition, externality, and executive ability will not at least contribute to such a task. That is why in the author’s research attracted attention to the archetypal nature of the conflict — the primitive images, ideas, feelings inherent in man as a bearer of the collective unconscious.

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