scholarly journals Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Jammu and Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Neha Mahajan ◽  
◽  
Rohit Raina ◽  
Pooja Sharma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Tubal Ligation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of

Introduction: An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg attaches somewhere outside the uterus.There are many risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. This study will help us to prepare a list of risk factors associated with ectopic pregnancy in our state. In addition, it will help implement a risk-reduction counseling program before conception, which will help us screen high-risk patients and reduce and manage ectopic pregnancy. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in our department for two years, from August 2018 to July 2019. Cases included all patients with ectopic pregnancy admitted in labor. A total of 192 cases were taken, out of which 8 cases refused to participate in the study, so 184 patients were included in the study. Results: Patients with previous ectopic pregnancy have 6.34 times increased risk of a repeat ectopic pregnancy (odds ratio 6.34, confidence interval 1.40-28.77), and this association was highly significant (p = 0.006). The risk of ectopic pregnancy is 3.02 times increased (odds ratio 3.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-7.84) if the patient once had the pelvic inflammatory disease and is statistically significant (p = 0.01). The study also revealed that 17 (10.3%) patients with ectopic pregnancy had a history of tubal ligation or some other tubal surgery done in the past compared to 3 (2.2%) patients among controls, and this finding is statistically highly significant (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In the present study, we found that the main risk factors for incidence of ectopic pregnancy are prior ectopic pregnancy, prior tubal ligation, and prior pelvic/abdominal surgery. In addition, ectopic pregnancy was positively related to the previous history of ectopic pregnancy, abortion, cesarean section, and infertility. These findings can be helpful for early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy to pursue proper medical therapy instead of unnecessarily surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy; an institutional study in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4741
Author(s):  
Ranjita Ghadei ◽  
Swayamsiddha Mohanty ◽  
Sushree Sovana Mishra ◽  
Debashis Giri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal death during the 1st trimester of pregnancy, accounting for approximately 10% of all pregnancy related deaths. A better understanding of ectopic pregnancy risk can help prevent its occurrence. The present study was designed to evaluate the ectopic pregnancy risk factors and their strength of association with ectopic pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: It was a prospective study with 104 cases of ectopic pregnancy and 125 controls conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack for a period of 1 year. Detailed history suggestive of risks factor for ectopic pregnancy, menstrual and obstetrics history was taken. General, systemic, abdominal and vaginal examination was done. Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was confirmed by clinical examination, urine pregnancy test, ultrasonography and culdocentesis and only confirmed cases were included in the study group. Healthy pregnant women were taken as control group.Results: The study revealed that the risk of ectopic pregnancy was associated with the traditional risk factors including previous EP [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 9.98, 95% CI: 0.89-11.1%], previous infertility (AOR= 7.29, 95% CI:2.53-21.0) and previous history of sterilization (AOR=12.47,95% CI: 3.50 - 44.4) and previous history of abortion (AOR= 3.10, 95% CI: 1.53-6.30). Age comparison between cases and controls revealed that the ODDS of having ectopic pregnancy was 4 times in the age group 30 to 35 years as compared to uterine pregnancy and this difference was statistically significant (P value = 0.007).Conclusions: Risk factors such as previous ectopic pregnancy, induction of ovulation, intra uterine device usage, abortion as well as increased maternal age along with recent diagnostic tools aid in early detection of ectopic pregnancy in women resulting in proper and timely treatment.

scholarly journals Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 4755-4755
Author(s):  
Joshua Taylor ◽  
Alexandra Anghel ◽  
Daniel J Corsi ◽  
Marc Carrier ◽  
Alan Tinmouth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Poisson Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the underlying risk of VTE complication during hospitalization is unclear in this patient population. We sought to report the incidence of VTE and its associated risk factors in hospitalized SCD patients. Patients/Methods: A retrospective cohort study of SCD patients requiring hospitalization was undertaken at a tertiary care center. Incidence ratios of VTE per hospitalization for different risk factors (Thromboprophylaxis use, central venous catheter (CVC), past history of VTE, surgery during hospitalization) were assessed. Univariate, age adjusted and multivariate Poisson models were estimated accounting for the repeated hospitalizations per patients. Results: A total of 101 patients with at least one hospitalization were included in the study. The mean of number of admissions per patients was 8.9. Overall, 17 out of 896 (1.9%) admissions were complicated by VTE. The incidence of VTE varied by risk factors, from 0.8% in patient without CVC to 6.7% among patients admitted with previous history of VTE. Age adjusted and multivariate Poisson models for incidence rate ratios of VTE per hospitalization among patients with SCD for different risk factors are depicted in Table 1. Conclusion: The risk of VTE seems low in hospitalized SCD. A prior history of VTE and a hospitalization for surgery might be associated with higher risk of VTE complication. Future studies assessing these risk factors to tailor thromboprophylaxis regimens are needed. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals A study on risk factors, maternal and foetal outcome in cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia at a tertiary care hospital of South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Bandaru Sailaja ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Cooly ◽  
Bhuvaneswari Sailcheemala ◽  
Surayapalem Sailaja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Foetal Outcome ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy remains still a major health issue for women and their descendants throughout the world but remains a major issue in developing countries rather than developed countries. Eclampsia accounts for 24% of maternal deaths during pregnancy in India according to FOGSI study in India. Changing trends in pregnancy globally with increased maternal age of conception, assisted reproductive technologies has contributed a significant impact in the risk factors for PE and eclampsia. The present study was aimed to investigate and determine the related risk factors in cases of PE and eclampsia. The maternal and foetal outcomes with major complications of the women with PE and eclampsia were also studied.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study for a period of two years was conducted at a tertiary care hospital among antenatal cases and all cases of PIH were recorded and studied. Cases were managed as per the existing obstetric protocol after clinical examination and investigations. Detailed socio demographic data and history of risk factors were collected and entered into Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed. Maternal and foetal outcome were noted in the cases of the study.Results: The incidence of PE and eclampsia in the study was 43.3% and 10.8%, 25-35 years age group being the most common. PE and eclampsia was associated with BMI>30, parous women with previous history of PE, diabetes mellitus and more in unregistered cases. PE and eclampsia were more in Illiterates and socio economic class 2 &3. The incidence of maternal complications was 32.99% with premature labour being the common and in case of foetal complications prematurity was the commonest with 16 cases. The maternal mortality was very less with only 4.64% in the study.Conclusions: Pregnancy induced hypertension with PE and eclampsia still remains a major problem in developed countries. Good antenatal care with increased awareness and increased antenatal visits may help in reducing the incidence and maternal and foetal complications. Increased incidence among illiterates and low socio economic status group provides the target group to be directed against any medical measures and national health programmes.

Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Pain In Children and Adolescent with Sickle Cell Anemia.

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 1651-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Darbari ◽  
Onyinye Onyekwere ◽  
Mehdi Nouraie ◽  
Gregory J. Kato ◽  
Caterina Minniti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pain Crisis ◽  
Thalassemia Trait

Abstract Abstract 1651 Background: Pain crises are the most common symptom experienced by individuals with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Frequency of pain crises varies significantly and high rate is a risk factor for higher mortality in adults with SCA. The risk factors for pain crises in children and adolescents with SCA are not completely understood. To determine factors associated with frequent severe pain crises, we analyzed the cohort of children and adolescents with SCA who were enrolled in the prospective study “The Pulmonary Hypertension and the Hypoxic Response in SCD (PUSH)”. All children were evaluated in their steady, non-crisis state. Methods: Family-reported history of number of severe pain crises in the preceding 12 months was recorded prospectively in 365 children and adolescents with SCA. Severe pain crises were defined as painful vaso-occlusive episodes requiring evaluation in Emergency Department (ED) or in-patient hospitalization. Lifetime history of red cell transfusions, echocardiography, and laboratory studies were obtained. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of study subjects who had ≥3 severe pain crises in the preceding year were compared to subjects with < 3 severe pain crises. Results: Study subject ranged in age from 3–20 years and 175 (48%) were female. Seventy two children (20 %) had ≥3 severe pain crises in the preceding year (frequent pain crisis group); 293 (80%) children had < 3 severe pain crises (infrequent pain crisis group), including 224 (61%) subjects who had no admissions/ ED visits for pain. Associated factors for frequent pain crisis included older age (odds ratio 1.2; 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.35; P <0.001) and α-thalassemia trait (odds ratio 3.22; 95% confidence interval 1.55–6.69; P =0.002) while higher steady state serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was associated with infrequent pain crisis (odds ratio 0.35; 95% confidence interval 0.13–0.98; P =0.045). In a group of patients without α-thalassemia trait, older age and low LDH were linked to frequent pain crisis. Subjects in the frequent pain crisis group had higher median hemoglobin (9.0 vs. 8.5 gm/dL; p=0.003) and higher ferritin (median 455 vs. 191 ng/mL; p=0.008). Higher ferritin in the frequent pain crisis group was mirrored by the higher percentage who reported >10 lifetime transfusions (42% vs. 22%; p=0.001). Median tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity (TRV) was higher in the frequent pain crisis group (2.41 vs. 2.31; p= 0.001) but the proportion of children with TRV>2.5 was not different (19.4% vs.11.5% in infrequent crises group; p=0.09). Hydroxyurea use was not different between the groups (51% vs. 40%; p=0.08) nor was fetal hemoglobin (10% vs. 12%; p=0.2). Conclusions: The occurrence of severe pain crisis varies among children and adolescents with SCA with a large number of children experiencing no severe painful episodes. Consistent with the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease report, the risk of severe pain crisis increases with age. Individuals with α-thalassemia trait are likely to experience more frequent pain crises possibly related to higher hemoglobin concentration and viscosity. However, even after controlling for α-thalassemia trait, children and adolescents who reported more frequent severe pain crises showed evidence of less hemolysis, consistent with a hypothetical model associating the hemolytic subphenotype of SCA with less frequent vasoocclusive pain crises. Further studies are indicated to identify the molecular mechanisms of pain in sickle cell anemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

A case-control study of risk factors of chronic venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gohar Abelyan ◽  
Lusine Abrahamyan ◽  
Gayane Yenokyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Venous Ulceration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background/objectives Venous ulcers carry psychological and high financial burden for patients, causing depression, pain, and limitation of mobility. The study aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins in Armenia. Methods A case-control study design was utilized enrolling 80 patients in each group, who underwent varicose treatment surgery in two specialized surgical centers in Armenia during 2013–2014 years. Cases were patients with varicose veins and venous leg ulcers. Controls included patients with varicose veins but without venous leg ulcers. Data were collected using interviewer-administered telephone interviews and medical record abstraction. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of venous ulceration. Results There were more females than males in both groups (72.5% of cases and 85.0 % of controls). Cases were on average older than controls (53.9 vs. 39.2 years old, p ≤ 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the estimated odds of developing venous ulcer was higher in patients with history of post thrombotic syndrome (odds ratio = 14.90; 95% confidence interval: 3.95–56.19; p = 0.001), with higher average sitting time (odds ratio = 1.32 per hour of sitting time; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.61; p = 0.006), those with reflux in deep veins (odds ratio = 3.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.23–10.31; p = 0.019) and history of leg injury (odds ratio = 3.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–8.23; p = 0.022). Regular exercise in form of walking (≥5 days per week) was found to be a protective factor from venous ulceration (odds ratio = 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.90; p = 0.034). Conclusion We found that reflux in deep veins, history of leg injury, history of post thrombotic syndrome, and physical inactivity were significant risk factors for venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins, while regular physical exercise mitigated that risk. Future studies should investigate the relationships between the duration and type of regular exercise and the risk of venous ulceration to make more specific recommendations on preventing ulcer development.

Relationship Between Insomnia, Depression, and Mortality: A 12-Year Follow-Up of Older Adults in the Community

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Mallon ◽  
Jan-Erik Broman ◽  
Jerker Hetta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Total Death ◽  
History Of

The purpose of the study was to investigate the natural history of insomnia and its association with depression and mortality. In 1983, 1,870 randomly selected subjects aged 45–65 years answered a questionnaire on sleep and health. Of the 1,604 survivors in 1995, 1,244 (77.6%) answered a new questionnaire with almost identical questions. Mortality data were collected for the 266 subjects that had died during the follow-up period. Chronic insomnia was reported by 36.0% of women and 25.4% of men (χ2 = 9.7; p < .01). About 75% of subjects with insomnia at baseline continued to have insomnia at follow-up. Insomnia in women predicted subsequent depression (odds ratio [OR] = 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–7.2) but was not related to mortality. In men, insomnia predicted mortality (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.3), but after adjustment for an array of possible risk factors, this association was no longer significant. Men with depression at baseline had an adjusted total death rate that was 1.9 times higher than in the nondepressed men (95% CI: 1.2–3.0).

Graves' disease, endocrine ophthalmopathy and smoking

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brita Winsa ◽  
Agneta Mandahl ◽  
F Anders Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Eye Problems ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Endocrine Ophthalmopathy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Receptor Antibodies

We have evaluated the association between smoking, Graves' disease and endocrine ophthalmopathy in a case-control study of 208 patients with newly diagnosed Graves' disease and carried out a retrospective survey of 72 patients treated for Graves' disease and admitted to our ward because of endocrine ophthalmopathy. In the prospective study, patients with Graves' disease smoked significantly more than their healthy controls (41% vs 30%, p<0.01 for current smokers, odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.3, and p<0.05 for patients with a history of smoking, odds ratio: 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.9). Among the patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy at diagnosis, there were slightly more patients with a history of smoking (p <0.05, odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.9), but not more current smokers when compared with the remaining group. The patients with eye problems tended to have a more active disease with higher levels of thyroxine and TSH-receptor antibodies, but no difference was seen in thyrogastric autoantibodies. No effect of smoking on thyroid hormone and autoantibody levels could be detected. In the retrospective survey we found 64%, 71% and 87% smokers among patients with moderate, severe and malignant eye disease, respectively. In summary, the results show that smoking is associated with an increased risk of contracting Graves' disease and that it enhances the severity of the eye disease in cases that develop endocrine ophthalmopathy during the course of treatment.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY, TWIN-PREGNANCY AND PREVIOUS HISTORY OF PREECLAMPSIA WITH PREECLAMPSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Riani Widia Parantika ◽  
Gatut Hardianto ◽  
Muhammad Miftahussurur ◽  
Wahyul Anis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia can threaten the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy and childbirth, besides that it also increases the risk of long-term complications and has the potential to cause death. The incidence of preeclampsia at the RSUD Engku Haji Daud Tanjung Uban showed an increase in the last three years, namely the occurrence from 2017 as many as 23 cases to 56 cases in 2019. The condition of preeclampsia can worsen quickly and without warning, for that, it must be detected and managed appropriately. This study aimed to identify the association of obesity, multiple pregnancies, and previous history of preeclampsia with the incidence of preeclampsia in maternity women. Methods: This study uses a case-control study design. Performed on women giving birth in the period January – December 2019, consisting of 56 cases and 112 controls. Maternal women with preeclampsia were cases and women who were not diagnosed with preeclampsia were controls. The data was obtained from the respondents' medical records, then analyzed using the Chi-Square test or Fisher's Exact test with a value of = 0,05. Results: Obesity was associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (OR= 4,746, 95% CI 2,381-9,460; P=0,000). Multiple pregnancies were associated with a significantly increased risk of preeclampsia (OR=15,857, 95% CI 1,899-132,384; P=0,002). Likewise, a previous history of preeclampsia was associated with a markedly increased risk of preeclampsia (OR=99,000, 95% CI 22,057-444,343; P=0,000). Conclusion: Based on these data, it was found that obesity, multiple pregnancies, and previous history of preeclampsia were significant risk factors for the occurrence of preeclampsia. It is important to identify risk factors for preeclampsia early, so that appropriate management can be carried out, to prevent complications.

scholarly journals Obstetric and neonatal outcome in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage at tertiary care hospital, Karnataka: a retrospective cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chintan Upadhyay ◽  
Nisha Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: When clinical pregnancy is established, the risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss is ~12-14%, and therefore the incidence of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) by chance alone would be in the order of 0.35%. It occurs in 0.5-3% of women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the obstetric outcome in pregnancies with history of one or more abortions.Methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study done at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore. Record review of cases was done from January 2005 to December 2009. Inclusion criteria were pregnancies with history of previous abortions.Results: There were 400 cases with previous history of abortions. There were 266 (66.4%) booked cases while 134 (33.5%) were unbooked cases. 272 (68.0%) patients crossed viable period of pregnancy (more than 28 weeks). Around 56 (14.0%) cases had repeat abortions, 276 (69.0%) cases underwent vaginal delivery and 124 (31.0%) underwent cesarean section. Almost 91 (22.8%) of Babies were low birth weight while others were above 2.5 kg. There were 52 (13.0%) preterm babies and 28 (7.0%) Intrauterine demise of fetuses.Conclusions: Patients with previous history of abortions are at increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Ectopic Pregnancies in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Chittagong, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Most. Sabina Yeasmin ◽  
M Jalal Uddin ◽  
Enamul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of

Background: Motherhood, an eternal, universal and inherent dream which every woman has. This dream may not always be pleasant and it can involve nightmares. One of this is ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy which can be life threatening. Aims : 1. To know the age group, parity, gestational age and the risk factors with re-spect to the ectopic pregnancy. 2. To know the clinical presentation of the ectopic pregnancy. 3. To know the treatment and morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.Materials & methods : A total of 47 admitted patients who were di-agnosed as ectopic pregnancy cases were retrospective analyzed between the periods from January 2013 to June 2014 at Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College, Agrabad, Chittagong. The following parameters: age, parity, gestational age, risk factors, clinical presentation, need for blood transfusion and findings on ultrasonogram and at surgery and morbidity associated with ectopic pregnancy were noted.Results: The incidence of the ectopic pregnancy in the pres-ent study was 7.4/1000 deliveries. A majority of the cases were multigravidas and majority of the cases gestational age were six to ten weeks. In most of the cases, there were no identifiable risk factors. The commonest risk factors present were history of MR (12.7 %)and abortion (10.6), history of tubal surgery (2.2%), infertility (2.2%) and pelvic inflammatory diseases (4.2%).The commonest symptoms were abdominal pain (89.3%), amenorrhea (78.7%) and abnormal vaginal bleeding (63.5%); and commonest signs were abdominal tenderness (70.5%), cervical excitation (52.6%) and adnexal tenderness (50.4%). Almost half (45%) were in a state of shock at admission. Ultrasound, a urine pregnancy test and serum B-hCG were the investigative modalities which were used. Surgery by open method in the form of salpingectomy (92.3%), salpingo-oophorectomy (5.5%) and salpingostomy (2.1%) were the mainstay of management. Morbidity included anemia (50.9%), blood transfusion (78%) and wound infection (2.1%). No maternal mortality noted.Conclusion: Early diagnosis, identifying of underlying risk factors and timely intervention in the form of conservative or surgical treatment will help in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i3.20993  

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