scholarly journals Determining earthquake epicentre from a single 3-component seismological station

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
M. TAID ◽  
A. C. LYNGDOH ◽  
A. K. GHOSE

An attempt has been made in this study to determine the epicentres by trigonometrical method from a single station using the three components of the ground's motion recorded by the Benioff Short Period Seismograph of the World Wide Standardized Seismograph Network (WWSSN) at Central Seismological Observatory (C.S.O.), Shillong. The trigonometrical method is based on the angle of bearing obtained from the ratio of the amplitudes of waves recorded on the horizontal components of the WWSSN seismograms. A comparison of recorded epicentres from the I.M.D. Seismological Network of Seismo, New Delhi with that of a single station i.e., C.S.O., Shillong has been made to estimate the accuracy of the method. The characteristics of the epicentral variations obtained from the Seismological Network of Seismo, New Delhi with that of C.S.O., Shillong are relatively small for local earthquakes compared to regional earthquakes with C.S.O., Shillong as the reference station. The characteristics of the epicentral variations particularly in the Shillong plateau are observed to be minimum. Strong correlations of epicentres are observed for both local as well as regional earthquake events.

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Jenny Thaustein ◽  
Haim Shalom Halevi ◽  
George Mundel

Almost 100% of mothers in Israel, irrespective of their cultural background, start breast feeding their infants. This is in accordance with the accepted policy of the medical and nursing professions in Israel. Complete breast feeding is continued only for a relatively short period. At the end of the second month of life, half the infants already receive complementary food, and only 5% are exclusively breast-fed during their fifth month. Partial breast feeding is continued in 50% of the infants until the ninth month, and for a small fraction of the sample (mainly Sepharadim and Arabs) this continues until the middle of the second year of life. The complementary food contains all the essential nutrients for the healthy development of infants, although no quantitative measurements were made in this study. The intakes of protein supplement and vitamins A and D lag behind the recommended schedules, especially among the groups of oriental origin. There are no striking differences in the pattern of feeding and weaning in the various groups. Apparently the different patterns of feeding "imported" by immigrants from the various countries rapidly become integrated in Israel; there is an impression that a national pattern is evolving. The guidance given by the preventive services for mothers is particularly instrumental in this direction. This guidance is especially evident in the way complementary feeding is introduced and in the way the decision on weaning is made.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-487
Author(s):  
John A. Askin ◽  
Kurt Glaser

IN SPITE of a short period of sovereignty— less than 7 years—the State of Israel is playing an important role in matters pertaining not only to the Middle East but, in some respects, in matters of importance to the whole world. In medicine the advances in Israel have been no less striking than the progress made in other fields. It is felt that the pediatricians of our country might be interested to learn about Israel's medical status, particularly pertaining to pediatrics. Palestine, of which the present Israel is a part, was in Old Testament times known as Canaan or Philistia because of the tribes which lived there. Palestine was the home of the Jewish people from the time Joshua conquered the land, about 1400 B.C., until the Romans destroyed the Jewish State in the year 70 A.D. Around 630 A.D. the country came under Moslem power. From 1516 to the end of World War I Palestine was a part of the Turkish Empire. In 1917, the British Government issued the famous Balfour Declaration which promised the Jews of the world that they could build a national homeland in Palestine. The League of Nations made the land a British mandate in 1920. From then until World War II Palestine was at several occasions plunged into violent civil war between the Jews and the Arabs. After World War II in 1947 Great Britain announced a decision to give up the Mandate.


1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Chen ◽  
P. Molnar

Abstract Well-dispersed Rayleigh waves within the period range of 4 to 11 sec are observed at New Delhi (NDI) and Shillong (SHL), India, for seven earthquakes near and in the Tibetan Plateau from 1963 to 1971. The dispersion curves and the simply dispersed wave forms suggest a prominent overlying wave guide, probably sediments, in the Tibetan area. The thickness of such sediments is most likely between 2.5 and 7.0 km. The simple wave trains, without much distortion due to multipathing, are consistent with a relatively inert, recent tectonism in Tibet.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Ricardo Infante Gomes ◽  
David Bastos ◽  
Catarina Brazão Farinha ◽  
Cinthia Maia Pederneiras ◽  
Rosário Veiga ◽  
...  

Construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are generated at a large scale and have a diversified potential in the construction sector. The replacement of natural aggregates (NA) with CDW recycled aggregates (RA) in construction materials, such as mortars, has several environmental benefits, such as the reduction in the natural resources used in these products and simultaneous prevention of waste landfill. Complementarily, CDW have the potential to capture CO2 since some of their components may carbonate, which also contributes to a decrease in global warming potential. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of the exposure of CDW RA to CO2 produced in cement factories and its effect on mortars. Several mortars were developed with a volumetric ratio of 1:4 (cement: aggregate), with NA (reference mortar), CDW RA and CDW RA exposed to high levels of CO2 (CRA). The two types of waste aggregate were incorporated, replacing NA at 50% and 100% (in volume). The mortars with NA and non-carbonated RA and CRA from CDW were analysed, accounting for their performance in the fresh and hardened states in terms of workability, mechanical behaviour and water absorption by capillarity. It was concluded that mortars with CDW (both CRA and non-carbonated RA) generally present a good performance for non-structural purposes, although they suffer a moderate decrease in mechanical performance when NA is replaced with RA. Additionally, small improvements were found in the performance of the aggregates and mortars with CRA subjected to a CO2 curing for a short period (5 h), while a long carbonation period (5 d) led to a decrease in performance, contrary to the results obtained in the literature that indicate a significant increase in such characteristics. This difference could be because the literature focused on made-in-laboratory CDW aggregates, while, in this research, the wastes came from real demolition activities, and were thus older and more heterogeneous.


Author(s):  
Hanuman Sahay Bunkar G. S. Bangarwa

The poultry production in our country has made a significant progress over the years due to research and development thrust of the government and organized private sector. Poultry farming is considered as an important tool for self-employment as it offers vast scope for generating income in socially and economically backward areas. No other livestock production programme in our country has made as much progress in a short period as the poultry sector has made. The revolutionary changes made in poultry industry in the last four decades is a matter of great pride. The poultry sector provides livelihood to nearly one lakh farmers and contributes to a great extent to the national income. In Rajasthan, poultry industry is a live segment and source of revenue to the government. In the last five decades, Jaipur region has made manifold progress in the development of the poultry sector. Jaipur district is one such districts which has made a great headway in the promotion of poultry sector. With more than 14889 organized poultry farms, it has engaged more than 45000 people directly or indirectly.


Author(s):  
S.G. Ekhilevskiy ◽  
◽  
O.V. Golubeva ◽  
E.P. Potapenko ◽  
◽  
...  

At present, the main prospects for improving the insulating means of respiratory protection are associated with the chemical method of oxygen reservation. The arguments in favor of this choice are the high packing density of oxygen and its self-regulating supply, depending on the physical activity of a person. The main schemes of the air duct part of breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen are circular and pendulum. The attempt is made in the article to combine the advantages of the circular (small harmful space) and pendulum (small volume of the dead layer) schemes of breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen. For these purposes, the formalism method was developed, which allows mathematically and with the help of a computer to simulate the dynamic sorption activity of the regenerative cartridge of a breathing apparatus with a hybrid (circular-pendulum) scheme of the air duct part. The increase in the protective action of the apparatus is determined due to the use of the resource of the dead sorbent layer in the result of the air flow reverse in the pendulum part of the regenerative cartridge. Feasibility of using a hybrid scheme in the self-rescuers with a short period of protective action is shown. The optimal length of the pendulum part is determined, at which the breathing resistance decreases, and the harmful space occupied by the air returning for inhalation without contact with the unreacted layers of the oxygen-containing product is not increased. Its weak dependence on the total length of the regenerative cartridge and the maximum permissible concentration of carbon dioxide in the air returning to inhalation is shown, which makes the circular pendulum scheme realizable in practice.


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki R. Lane ◽  
Jiban Khuntia ◽  
Madhavan Parthasarathy ◽  
Bidyut B. Hazarika

In this study, the authors examine how the internet is changing two critical personal value dimensions of India's youth. Based on values theory, and using data that spans a decade from 2004-2014, they contend that time spent on the internet is an influential factor in changing self-enhancement and self-transcendence values. Given the tremendous increase in exposure to western products, ideals, and people-to-people interaction via internet connectivity (India has over 275 million internet users who communicate in the English language), the authors posit that young Indian consumers would adopt values associated with self-enhancement and individualism, forsaking self-transcendence related ideals. Data pertaining to the Rokeach value scales were collected in New Delhi, and the results support the notion that these values have indeed changed substantially in such a short amount of time, largely due to IT as opposed to other media vehicles such as TV, and print media. Implications of this noteworthy change in values due to the internet in a relatively short period are discussed.


2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
A. Terziev ◽  
I. Antonov ◽  
Nam Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Lien Duc Hoang

In modern buildings more diverse and new polymeric combustible materials widely used as coverings, beddings, thermal and acoustic insulation, equipment and furniture are applied. Some of these elements are able to release large amounts of smoke and heat in a very short period of time. The building can get extremely dangerous situations in presence of fire. Since the major task of fire protection technique is protecting people from injury, some answers to the following questions are seeks: how smoke will be spread into the room, is there a chance to be taken away without burning spread, which are the general parameters defining distribution of smoke and hazards in the premises and etc. The solution of the problems raised above resorting to mathematical modeling of fires. For this purpose a numerical simulation of such processes are accomplished. Here are presented the results of spreading of smoke and hazards in a room occupied by people as particular attention is paid to a velocity and temperature field distribution. Based on the results of the numerical simulation, a scientific-based prognosis of the hazardous factors was made in order to optimize the work of the fire protection systems (smoke extraction systems, mechanical ventilation) by considering the physical characteristics of the room.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Oliveira Silva Júnior ◽  
Joaquim Carlos Barbosa Queiroz ◽  
Douglas Batista Silva Ferreira ◽  
Alexandra Lima Tavares ◽  
Pedro Walfir Martins Souza-Filho ◽  
...  

Este artigo discute a relação entre dados observados de precipitação de sete estações meteorológicas e os dados resultantes de interpolação realizadas pelo Climate Prediction Center (CPC) para a área da bacia hidrográfica do rio Itacaiúnas (BHRI), Amazônia Oriental, no período de 1986-2005. O trabalho avalia também a aplicação de metodologias expeditas para estimar vazões médias mensais nas sub bacias, a partir de uma única estação de referência situada em seu exutório. As vazões foram estimadas pelos métodos de correção pela área de drenagem e de padronização de vazões médias comparadas com vazões medidas (1985-1995) em uma de suas sub bacias. Os resultados obtidos para a precipitação mostraram-se compatíveis com o comportamento sazonal definido para a região, cuja correlação entre os dados observados e os interpolados pelo CPC demonstram que estes representam bem a variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação na BHRI. A análise dos resultados das estações meteorológicas mostrou uma tendência de incremento na precipitação de leste para oeste, cujo comportamento pode estar associado a densa cobertura florestal que compõe o mosaico de Unidades de Conservação (UC’s), combinado com altitudes elevadas (600-800 m) da Serra de Carajás. A avaliação do comportamento das vazões da única estação (Fazenda Alegria) com série de dados fluviométricos disponíveis apresentou resultados consistentes com o comportamento sazonal das curvas de vazão dentro do ano hidrológico. Os métodos utilizados para a estimativa de vazões mostraram resultados diferenciados em termos absolutos, porém, as curvas de vazões estimadas acompanham o comportamento da curva de vazões medidas na estação Fazenda Rio Branco.  A B S T R A C TThis paper discusses the relationship between observed precipitation data from seven meteorological stations and the resulting interpolation data from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) for the area of the Itacaiúnas river basin (BHRI), Eastern Amazonia, in the period 1986-2005. The work also evaluates the application of expeditious methodologies to estimate monthly average flows in the sub basins, from a single reference station located in its exutorio. The flow rates were estimated by the methods of correction by the drainage area and standardization of average flows compared to measured flows (1985-1995) in one of its sub basins. The results obtained for the precipitation were compatible with the seasonal behavior defined for the region, whose correlation between the data observed and those interpolated by the CPC show that they represent well the spatio-temporal variability of the precipitation in the BHRI. The analysis of the results of the meteorological stations showed a tendency of increase in the precipitation from east to west, whose behavior may be associated with dense forest cover that composes the mosaic of Conservation Units (UC's), combined with high altitudes (600-800 m) of the Serra de Carajás. The evaluation of the flow behavior of the single station (Fazenda Alegria) with a series of available fluviometric data presented results consistent with the seasonal behavior of the flow curves within the hydrological year. The methods used for the estimation of flow rates showed different results in absolute terms, however, the estimated flow curves follow the behavior of the measured flow curve in Fazenda Rio Branco station. Keywords: Estimation, precipitation, flow, sub basin, Eastern Amazon 


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