Paraoxonase activity in the serum of peripartum dairy cows with different placental lactogen concentrations

The action of the bovine placental lactogen (bPL) hormone on maternal metabolism is still poorly known. Some markers, such as the acute phase protein paraoxonase (PON1), are used as indicators of liver function and help to determine the metabolic condition during the transition period in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of paraoxonase (PON1) in the serum of peripartum dairy cows with different levels of bPL. Based on the plasma bPL concentration, 18 cows were divided equally into three groups: LOW ( < 2,68 ng bPL mL-1), MEDIUM (2,68–2,80 ng bPL mL-1), and HIGH ( > 2,80 ng bPL mL-1). The experiment was conducted between 21 days prepartum and 28 days postpartum. Serum samples were collected during the experiment for the determination of bPL concentrations and PON1 activity. The bPL concentration was significantly different between the experimental groups (P ? 0,0001) and the days of serum collection (P ? 0,0001). In the prepartum dairy cows, the PON1 levels were different between the groups (P ? 0,05) and the days of serum collection (P ? 0,05). Cows with high bPL concentration had lower serum PON1 activity (P ? 0,05), while cows with low hormone levels had higher enzyme activity (P ? 0,05). In the postpartum period, there was a significant difference between the days of serum collection (P ? 0,0001) and the interaction between groups and collections (P ? 0,01). The group with high concentrations of bPL had lower levels of PON1 (P ? 0,01), while the group with low bPL maintained higher concentrations of PON1 (P ? 0,01). It was concluded that the cows with higher concentrations of bPL in the prepartum period present a reduction in the serum activity of the PON1 enzyme during the peripartum period.

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Determination of natural antibodies, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and non-esterified fatty acid levels in the serum of peripartum Tuj and Hemşin sheep

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.1002-1006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1002-1006

Author(s):

Cihan Kaçar ◽

Semra Kaya ◽

Mushap Kuru ◽

Ekin Emre Erkiliç ◽

Metin Öğün ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Transition Period ◽

Natural Antibodies ◽

Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽

Immunological Status ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Immunological Changes ◽

Peripartum Period ◽

Nefa Level

Background and Aim: Many metabolic and immunological changes occur during the transition period. Innate immunity plays an important role against to infections and natural antibodies (NAb) are important in immunity. This study aims to determine a connection between serum NAb titers, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in Tuj and Hemsin sheep during the peripartum period. Materials and Methods: Serum NAb, BHBA, and NEFA levels were determined from the blood samples collected from Tuj and Hemsin sheep on days 30 and 15 before birth, on the day of birth (day 0), and on days 15 and 30 after birth. Results: NAb titers were found to be higher in Tuj than in Hemsin sheep (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in serum BHBA concentrations of both breeds on all sampling days (p>0.05). The serum NEFA level was lower in Tuj sheep in the last 15 days of pregnancy compared to Hemsin sheep (p<0.05), while no difference was found in samples collected at the other time points. Conclusion: This study indicated that serum NAb titers significantly changed in Tuj and Hemsin sheep during the transition period. Serum BHBA and NEFA concentrations increased during the last stages of pregnancy and decreased after birth. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the immunological status could vary by the breed of sheep or various factors that affect the sheep's metabolic state.

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Sex of offspring influences metabolism during early transition period in dairy cows

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-58-73-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 73-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. Alberghina ◽

G. Piccione ◽

C. Giannetto ◽

M. Morgante ◽

M. Gianesella

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Transition Period ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Maternal Metabolism ◽

Cattle Blood ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1 ◽

Early Transition

Abstract. A study using 20 Holstein Friesian cows was conducted to investigate the influence of calf gender on metabolism during the transition period in dairy cattle. Blood samples were collected at three time points: 2–4 days prepartum (time 1), and 1 week and 2 weeks postpartum (time 2 and time 3 respectively). Serum samples obtained were analysed for total proteins, albumin, urea, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Depending on the sex of the offspring, cows were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of cows with heifer offspring (n = 12) and Group 2 consisted of cows with bull offspring (n = 8). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and t tests for unpaired data were used to analyse the pattern of studied parameters and differences between the two groups. The results indicate differences in metabolic parameters between the two groups. These results highlight the importance of considering fetal sex as a factor that influences maternal metabolism during the early transition period in dairy cows.

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Determination of Essential and Toxic Elements in Cattle Blood: Serum vs Plasma

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9070465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 465 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diego Luna ◽

Marta López-Alonso ◽

Yolanda Cedeño ◽

Lucas Rigueira ◽

Víctor Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Essential And Toxic Elements ◽

High Concentrations

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of type of blood sample (serum or plasma) on essential and toxic element analysis in cattle. Paired plasma and serum samples (n = 20) were acid digested, and the concentrations of As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn. Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study findings indicate that plasma and serum samples appear suitable and interchangeable for the determination of most of the essential and toxic elements in blood in cattle. The only exceptions are Cu and Se, the concentrations of which were significantly lower (40.9 and 29.9% respectively) in serum than in plasma. Some of the Cu in blood samples from bovine ruminants is known to be sequestered during clotting. However, further research on Se in ruminants and other animal species is warranted. Finally, the significantly higher Mn (9.9%) concentrations in serum than in plasma may have been caused by haemolysis of some samples. Special attention should be paid to preventing haemolysis of samples during collection and processing, in order to prevent overestimation of elements present at high concentrations inside erythrocytes (i.e., Fe, Mn and Zn).

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Serum proteinogram and biochemistry of Holstein cows in the peripartum period

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5819 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 342-347

Author(s):

Thaís G. Rocha ◽

Camila Bortoletto ◽

Daniela G. Silva ◽

Kalina M.M.G. Simplício ◽

Luiz F. Zafalon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Total Protein ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Transition Period ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Total Calcium ◽

Peripartum Period

ABSTRACT: In face of the few reports found in national literature analyzing the potential influence of parturition number in serum proteinogram and biochemical profile in the peripartum period of high yielding dairy cows, the aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the dynamics of these serum constituents’ concentrations in blood samples obtained from primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows, 60 and 30 days prepartum and in the day of parturition. Data were analyzed by repeated measures variance analysis (ANOVA) and differences between groups and moments were analyzed by Tukey’s test. Results were considered significant when P<0.05. Parity influenced levels of total protein, albumin, globulins, magnesium, cholesterol, which were higher in multiparous cows, as well as concentrations of ceruloplasmin, total calcium, chloride and alkaline phosphatase activity, which were higher in primiparous cows. Parturition influenced serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin (+58%), transferrin (-25%), haptoglobin (+33%), total protein (-17%), globulins (-25%), immunoglobulin A (-43%), immunoglobulin G (-24%), total calcium (-12%), inorganic phosphorus (-10%), chloride (+5%), sodium (+4%), cholesterol (-23%), triglycerides (-38.6%), as well as activities of aspartate aminotransferase (+14%) and alkaline phosphatase (+28%). A decrease in serum levels of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol and triglycerides was more pronounced in multiparous than in primiparous cows. These results demonstrate that the interpretation of proteinogram and serum constituents should take into consideration lactation number and the moment of parturition as relevant factors in high yielding dairy cows in the transition period.

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Accuracy of two hand-held electronic devices for determination of blood β-hydroxybutyrate in dairy cows

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402017000300004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 439-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eliana FIORENTIN ◽

Anderson TIECHER ◽

Cristina MENEGAT ◽

Clarice SOARES ◽

Adelina AIRES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Standard Method ◽

Electronic Devices ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Standard Technique ◽

Portable Devices ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Subclinical Ketosis ◽

Significant Difference

SUMMARY The cowside determination of blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is an important tool for diagnosing subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle. Portable methods to measure BHB have been introduced in the past years. This study evaluated the accuracy of two hand-held electronic devices for blood determination of BHB in dairy cows at early postpartum. A total of 98 blood samples were collected from dairy cows in the first month of lactation and tested with FreeStyle Optium (FSO, Abbott) and KetoVet (KVE, TaiDoc) portable devices according to the manufacturer instructions. Spectrophotometric BHB analysis (Ranbut, Randox) was used as standard method. The incidence of subclinical ketosis was 37.7 % determined by the standard method, 40.8 % determined by the FSO system and 42.8 % detected with the KVE system. The sensitivity and specificity indexes were 88.1% and 98.4% for FSO and 78.7% and 92.4% for KVE, respectively. The Pearson´s correlation coefficients comparing the portable devices to the standard technique were 0.96 for FSO and 0.93 for KVE. No significant difference in BHB values was found between the two portable tests and the standard method. Predictive values (PV) were better using FSO (positive PV 97.3 %, negative PV 92.4%) than using KVE (positive PV 88.1 %, negative PV 85.9 %). Passing-Bablok regressions revealed good agreement between methods. Though FSO system had a better performance than KVE system, the results suggest that the two portable systems have good accuracy and are reliable for measuring BHB.

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Combined enzymic-Jaffé method for determination of creatinine in serum.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/27.1.18 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

P Masson ◽

P Ohlsson ◽

I Björkhem

Keyword(s):

Reference Method ◽

Enzyme Reaction ◽

Creatine Phosphate ◽

Mass Fragmentography ◽

Good Precision ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Modified Method ◽

Combined Use ◽

High Concentrations

Abstract Concentrations of creatinine, as determined in serum by a method involving the combined use of creatinine amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.2.10) and alkaline sodium picrate were found to be factitiously low, owing to a reversal of the enzyme reaction. This effect could be eliminated by converting creatine, the product of the enzymic reaction, to creatine phosphate. The combined enzymic-Jaffé method was therefore modified to include creatine amidohydrolase, creatine kinase, ATP, and Mg2+ in the reaction mixture. The modified method has good precision. We saw no significant interferences by relatively high concentrations of acetone, acetylacetone, ADP, creatine, creatine phosphate, glucose, glycocyamine, or pyruvate. Likewise, no interferences were evident with icteric, lipemic, or hemolytic serum samples. There was an excellent agreement between creatinine values obtained with our method and by a reference method based on isotope dilution-mass fragmentography. Our method is considerably simpler than the fully enzymic method for determination of creatinine and might be a method of choice if a high accuracy is desired.

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Frequency of Human Paraoxonase-1 Q192R Polymorphism and Measurement of Oxidative Stress Parameters in Infants with G6PD Deficiency

International Journal of Medical Laboratory ◽

10.18502/ijml.v7i2.2915 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vahid Pourshafiei ◽

Vahide Jamshidi ◽

Ameneh Khodarahmi ◽

Mahmood Vakili

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

G6pd Deficiency ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Pon1 Activity ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Q192r Polymorphism ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Background and Aims: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Q192R polymorphism and oxidative stress markers in infants with glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study in which 60 male infants (2-4 months old) with G6PD deficiency along with 60 age- and sexmatched healthy neonates were included. The diagnosis of G6PD deficiency was made by Beutler test by which the G6PD enzyme activity is measured by the fluorescent spot test. The blood samples were taken from all infants, and the sera were isolated for the evaluation of Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and malondialdehyde (MDA) using the spectrophotometric method. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was applied for determination of Q192R polymorphism (rs 662). Results: The frequencies of QQ, QR, and RR genotypes were 55%, 39%, and 6%, respectively in infants with G6PD deficiency while the above genotype frequencies were 45%, 49%, and 6%, respectively in healthy neonates. The frequency of R and T alleles failed to show any significant difference when G6PD deficient infants and healthy neonates were compared. The results indicated PON1 activity and MDA levels being significantly (p<0.05) higher in neonates with G6PD deficiency compared with their healthy counterparts. Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, it was indicated that the presence of RQ and RR genotypes at Q192R position is associated with decreased activity of PON1 and increased oxidative stress. In this study, no significant differences were found in the genotype and allele frequency of PON1 Q192R polymorphism between the case and control groups. Also, this frequency was not consistent with the results obtained from oxidative stress conditions.

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An Acridinium Ester for Determination of Serum Arylesterase Activity in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.812 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 781-784 ◽

pp. 812-817

Author(s):

Yu Hua Gong ◽

Xiao Jing Mu ◽

Zhi Tao Chen ◽

Zulipiyan Abulimite ◽

Min Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Phenyl Acetate ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Acridinium Ester

Paraoxonase (PON) is a hydrolyase correlated with many chronic diseases. The use of 9-(4-chlorophenyloxycarbonyl)-10-methylacridinium triflate ester (CPOCMA) as a substrate for determination of serum arylesterase PON activity had been reported. It is meaningful to compare this substrate with phenyl acetate further with serum samples of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD, n=104). Correlations of PON arylesterase activity with CHD and also with age were analyzed. There was no significant difference in serum arylesterase activity (based on the CPOCMA or the phenyl acetate) between of the CHD inpatients and controls at same age level (45-60 years old). Statistically negative correlation of serum PON CPOCMAase activity (p=0.020) but not the activity based on phenyl acetate (p>0.05) with age was observed. Based on the both substrates, significant decrease in PON activity was found in the old CHD inpatients (≥60 years old), compared with that in the young CHD inpatients (<60 years old), or with that in the young controls. The methods based on CPOCMA substrate and based on the phenyl acetate demonstrated consistent results in correlation with CHD, but different results in correlation of PON activity with age.

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Pattern of partitioning of aflatoxins from feed to urine and its effect on serum chemistry in Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14302 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 1671

Author(s):

N. Aslam ◽

Z. M. Iqbal ◽

H. M. Warriach ◽

P. C. Wynn

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

High Performance ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Group D

The objectives of the present study were (1) to monitor the pattern of excretion of aflatoxinM1 in urine after its conversion from aflatoxinB1 and (2) to observe the effects of different levels of aflatoxinB1 in feed on serum concentrations of key metabolites glucose, total protein, cholesterol and urea as indicators of metabolic status. Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers (n = 12) of similar age and weight were randomly distributed to four groups. Animals in Groups A, B and C were offered a contaminated cottonseed cake-based concentrate ration at 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of bodyweight, respectively. Control animals in Group D were fed with aflatoxinB1-free green fodder. Based on the level of contamination of the concentrate ration with aflatoxinB1 (554 µg/kg), Groups A, B and C consumed 953, 2022, 3202 µg of aflatoxinB1 daily. Feed samples were analysed at Romer Laboratories Pty Ltd, Singapore by high performance liquid chromatography. AflatoxinM1 quantification in urine samples was conducted using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with kits supplied by Helica Biosystems, Inc., USA. Serum samples were analysed for concentrations of glucose, total protein, cholesterol and urea using clinical chemistry kits provided by Human diagnostics (HUMAN, Biochemica und Diagnostica mbH, Germany). Carry-over rate of aflatoxinM1 in urine for Groups A, B and C was 15.51%, 15.44% and 14.04% of aflatoxinB1 while there was no detectable aflatoxinM1 in the urine of the control group (D). There was no significant difference in the concentrations of serum glucose, total protein and cholesterol between treatment groups. However, the concentration of serum urea was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the group offered the highest level of aflatoxinB1-contaminated concentrate. This result suggests that mycotoxicosis may compromise protein metabolism and accretion in affected animals. This leaves open the possibility that high concentrations of aflatoxins in milk may ultimately affect the health status of human milk consumers.

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Occurrence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dairy cattle from the northern region of the Paraná State, Brazil

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352005000300006 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 312-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

L. Ogawa ◽

R.L. Freire ◽

O. Vidotto ◽

L.F.P. Gondim ◽

I.T. Navarro

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Northern Region ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cattle Management

Three-hundred and eighty-five serum samples were taken from dairy cows on 90 farms in 12 counties from the northern region of the Paraná State, Brazil. The samples were analyzed by IFAT for the detection of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies. Forty-five (12%) samples were seropositive to N. caninum, while 102 (26%) samples were seropositive to T. gondii. Only four animals were seropositive to both coccidia. No significant difference was observed between the N. caninum serology and any of the variables studied, such as dairy cattle management, milk production, reproductive problems, feeding, and presence of dogs, cats and rodents. These data suggest that neosporosis is present among dairy cattle in the studied geographic region and the simultaneous detection of serum positive animals to both types of coccidian parasite demonstrates the independent occurrence of these coccidia in dairy cows.

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