scholarly journals Standardization of blood meal production process at a rendering plant using design of experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1335-1350
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Morales Piñero ◽  
◽  
John Alexander Clavijo ◽  
Edison Mauricio Rodríguez Ortiz ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Initial Blood ◽  
Drying Chamber

This research focuses on the standardization of the blood meal production process at a Colombian rendering plant through a design of experiments. Initially, 108 samples of blood meal were taken where only 23% achieved the moisture target (7.5% to 8.5%). Therefore, an analysis of the measurement system was performed using a repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) study. Results showed that 39.96% of the observed variability was caused by the measurement system that was out of control. So, it was necessary to improve the method of sampling reducing the participation of the measurement system in the variability of the process to only 3.79%. Later, several experiments were accomplished with a 2k factorial design. Each experiment consisted of a response variable (blood meal moisture), two controllable factors (drying chamber temperature and percentage of rotation of the metering screw), and an uncontrollable factor (initial blood meal moisture). Finally, experiments were carried out and validated observing that, with a drying chamber temperature of 160 °C and a percentage of screw rotation of 29%, more than 97% of the blood meal was according to the moisture target. In conclusion, is confirmed that the design of experiments is a tool that allows a clear path towards optimization and standardization of processes.

scholarly journals Análisis del sistema de medición en una fábrica ensambladora de electrónicos

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Mauricio López-Acosta ◽  
Andrea Montoya-Castro ◽  
Allán Chacara-Montes ◽  
José Manuel Velarde-Cantú
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Present Problem ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Reproducibility Study ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility

The importance of developing statistical tools in the manufacturing labor field starts from the daily struggle of industrial production processes against variability. The analysis of the measurement system aims to assess the variability associated with the measurement method used in the production process. Considering the instrument (Gage) and the operator that performs the measurement, in order to identify if it can be considered as acceptable. The objective of the research is to evaluate the reliability of the measurement system used in the production line of electronic locks through a Gage R&R study, to reduce the number of defective parts. The production line under evaluation is dedicated to the assembly and manufacture of electronic padlocks, has three inspection stations in which a repeatability and reproducibility study is carried out to obtain as a result the percentage of accuracy associated with the performance of the machine in the measurement system and personnel. The methodology or procedure to be followed for the development of the repeatability and reproducibility study will be carried out as mentioned by Pulido (2009), in the described steps of a short and long R&R study, from which the most relevant and applicable steps were taken. according to the characteristics of the present problem. The contribution of the study is the development of an analysis of the measurement system offers the company the outline of the current situation in a quantitative and qualitative way and allows it to provide a solid basis for the recognition of improvement opportunities that can help to decrease reported defects.

scholarly journals Detailed Analysis of GRR Study Results and their Visualization

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-486
Author(s):  
Pavlína Mikulová ◽  
Jiří Plura
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
System Improvement

Abstract The paper presents the possibilities of analyzing the measurement system repeatability and reproducibility (GRR) analysis results in more detail and their visualization. Based on real data, the influence of appraisers’ behavior on GRR analysis results is evaluated. The measured data obtained in the GRR study by three operators are analyzed in more detail for cases involving only two operators. Comparison of the behavior of individual operators is performed using Gaussian curves, which allow to evaluate graphically the repeatability of individual operators and the reproducibility of measurement system. This approach makes possible to visualize the GRR analysis results with regard to behavior of individual operators. Obtained results make possible to improve the interpretation of GRR analysis results and are useful for measurement system improvement.

scholarly journals Profile of Producers and Production of Dry-Aged Beef in Brazil

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2447
Author(s):  
Jonatã Henrique Rezende-de-Souza ◽  
Flavio Andre Bolini Cardello ◽  
Ana Paula Moraes de Paula ◽  
Felipe A. Ribeiro ◽  
Chris R. Calkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Product Safety ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Aging Period ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

No information is currently available on the profile of producers and production process of dry-aged beef in Brazil, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. We surveyed 37 Brazilian companies that were producing dry-aged beef in 2020 to investigate this market. The absolute and relative frequency of responses was calculated to obtain the sum, average, minimum, and maximum values. From the respondents, dry-aged beef was first produced in 2009, and most producers are located in big cities. Most respondents control and monitor chamber temperature; however, humidity and air velocity only are monitored. The aging period (mostly between 22 to 60 days) was the main indicator of product readiness. The process losses (water loss and crust trimming) can reach 65%. Some producers perform microbiological analyses to ensure product safety and others use tools such as GMP and SOP. The results of this survey may help governmental institutions to develop a standardized industrial protocol for producing dry-aged beef in Brazil.

Approaches for Measurement System Analysis Considering Randomness and Fuzziness

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-131
Author(s):  
Liang-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chia-Jung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Sum Of Squares ◽  
Measurement System Analysis ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Semiconductor Packaging ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fuzzy Random

For some quality inspection practices, subjective judgements based on the inspectors' experience and knowledge, such as visual inspection, may be required for some particular quality characteristics. This kind of measurement system, including its associated randomness and fuzziness, should be assessed by Measurement system analysis (MSA) before its application. For such purpose, this article represents observations with randomness and fuzziness from MSAs as fuzzy random variables, and then two pairs of descriptive parameters, i.e., expected value and variance, are derived. Then, the relationship of the total sum of squares of factors is proven to hold, so that fuzzy analysis of variance (FANOVA) in terms of gauge repeatability and reproducibility can be developed. The proposed approach has the advantage that FANOVA is developed based on the relationship of the total sum of squares of factors, considering randomness and fuzziness. A real case in the semiconductor packaging industry is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approaches to MSA.

scholarly journals Measurement System Analyses – Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Cepova ◽  
Andrea Kovacikova ◽  
Robert Cep ◽  
Pavel Klaput ◽  
Ondrej Mizera
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Measurement System Analysis ◽  
System Analysis Approach ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Part Variation

Abstract The submitted article focuses on a detailed explanation of the average and range method (Automotive Industry Action Group, Measurement System Analysis approach) and of the honest Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility method (Evaluating the Measurement Process approach). The measured data (thickness of plastic parts) were evaluated by both methods and their results were compared on the basis of numerical evaluation. Both methods were additionally compared and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. One difference between both methods is the calculation of variation components. The AIAG method calculates the variation components based on standard deviation (then a sum of variation components does not give 100 %) and the honest GRR study calculates the variation components based on variance, where the sum of all variation components (part to part variation, EV & AV) gives the total variation of 100 %. Acceptance of both methods among the professional society, future use, and acceptance by manufacturing industry were also discussed. Nowadays, the AIAG is the leading method in the industry.

Longevity of Trypanosoma murmanensis in the marine leech, Johanssonia sp.

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 2061-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Initial Blood

A study was carried out to ascertain the longevity of trypanosome infections in leeches, Johanssonia sp. The latter were fed initially on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) harbouring trypanosomes and then refed at intervals on uninfected fish following digestion of each blood meal. The results indicate that infections in some leeches can persist through five to six feedings, i.e. 542–749 days after the initial blood meal, provided the fasting periods do not exceed about 5 months. Survival is attributed to residual stages in the proboscis.

Univariate and Multivariate Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility Analysis on the High Frequency Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Measurement System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roja Esmaeeli ◽  
Haniph Aliniagerdroudbari ◽  
Seyed Reza Hashemi ◽  
Hammad Al-Shammari ◽  
Muapper Alhadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Viscoelastic Materials ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility

Abstract The quality of the collected data from a measurement system affects eventual decision making process. Therefore, the reliability of any measurement system is an important factor to be studied. Gauge repeatability and reproducibility (Gauge R&R) is the standard method to evaluate the measurement system and assess the adequacy of variation in the measurement data. Gauge R&R is a statistical tool which evaluates two main characteristics of the measurement system: repeatability and reproducibility. The Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a common measurement system for studying the dynamic mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials such as polymers. The newly developed High Frequency Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (HFDMA) is able to directly run the simple shear test at high frequencies without changing the specimen temperature. The complex shear modulus and damping factor of the viscoelastic materials are reported by the HFDMA system. In this study the uni-variable Gauge R&R study based on Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is done on each measured characteristic of the HFDMA measurement system. The source of variations for each characteristic is distinguished. Then the multivariate Gauge R&R based on the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) is done and the percentage of multivariate Gauge R&R for the measurement with the multiple variables is reported. The results indicate that the HFDMA measurements are both repeatable and reproducible. Thus, the new HFDMA can be used as a measurement system to measure the mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials at high frequencies.

scholarly journals Radionuclide Transfer in the Zirconium Oxychloride Production Process and the Radiation Effect in a Typical Chinese Enterprise

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5906
Author(s):  
Shoulong Xu ◽  
Qifan Wu ◽  
Xiaogang Li ◽  
Feng Yuan ◽  
Liangying Tu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Zircon Sand

The radiation impact on the environment from naturally-occurring radioactive materials in zircon sand is an important issue for zirconium product manufacturing enterprises. In this paper, a typical oxychloride production enterprise has been taken as an example to study the radiation effect and environmental pollution during the whole production process. The transfer and enrichment of radionuclides in zircon sand was studied by analyzing their concentrations in samples, such as products and wastes, which were sampled from every studied workshop, so that the dose rate in the environment and typical facility surfaces of each workshop could be measured. The study results show that the transfer and enrichment of radionuclides occur mainly in workshops of acidification, dissolution, concentration and crystallization. Silicon slag adsorbed some radionuclides, but most of the radionuclides in raw materials are transferred and enriched in waste acid by the concentration and crystallization process. Sludge and wastewater still contain a large quantity of radionuclides after treatment by wastewater treatment plants. This results in a significant increase in U-238 and Th-232 concentrations in river water near the main outlet. The average effective dose of all employees in the studied enterprises was 0.94 mSv, and workers from the wastewater treatment plants had the largest annual effective dose at 11 mSv.

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