scholarly journals Socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 on Peruvian amazon aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e001
Author(s):  
Enrique García-Candela ◽  
Vanessa Sanchéz-Sanchéz ◽  
Daniel Cala-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
San Martín ◽  
Aquaculture Production

The pandemic produced by COVID-19, is affecting all sectors worldwide. Aquaculture and fishing are not the exception. The measures taken by governments in order to dissipate contagions prevent supporting the economy. Faced with this situation, governments and state entities are taking measures to cushion and strengthen companies. However, to make correct decisions regarding aid, it is necessary to diagnose the state of the productive sectors in order to carry out interventions and manage solutions to priority problems. The objective of the present study was to establish information on the aquaculture production units in the San Martín region, which enables the aquaculture sector to be managed efficiently, promoting efforts and public interventions in the region. The results show that more than 90% of the aquaculture producers in the San Martín region are affected, mainly by logistical difficulties in the delivery of supplies, which have stopped the operation of approximately 18% of fish production. During the COVID-19 dormancy period, aquaculturists implemented some biosecurity measures, mainly handwashing, but it is necessary to establish protocols for good aquaculture production practices to strengthen health aspects that prevent the spread of the disease.

The State's Developmentalist Illusion and the Origins of Illegal Coca Cultivation in Peru's Alto Huallaga Valley (1960–80)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Maritza Paredes ◽  
Hernán Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
The State ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
State Development ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
International Demand ◽  
Development Plans

Abstract The origin of illicit economies has been understood as a consequence of ‘low stateness’ (i.e. low reach of the state). Given the limited stateness in many regions, however, this article seeks to explain how only some sub-national territories have become vulnerable to illegal drug trafficking. To make this case, the representative example of the Alto Huallaga valley, in the Peruvian Amazon, is analysed. This article argues that ineffective development and settlement efforts by the Peruvian state in the Alto Huallaga, rather than the absence of the state, produced socio-ecological conditions in the region, in the late 1970s, that made it more vulnerable to the illegal economy. At the same time as international demand for illegal cocaine was expanding, two conditions resulting from frustrated state development plans came together: an enclave of poor peasants who were not self-sufficient and a natural environment impoverished by soil degradation and intensive deforestation, paradoxically not suitable for any crop except coca.

scholarly journals Differences in Live Fish Marketing of Traditional Pond Aquaculture and Intensive Aquaculture in Czechia

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Vavrečka ◽  
Petra Chaloupková ◽  
Lukáš Kalous
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
The State ◽  
Pond Aquaculture ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture ◽  
Fish Marketing ◽  
Important Character ◽  
Aquaculture Production

The seasonality of fish marketing is a very important character for aquaculture production. We analysed data regarding the situation at the Czech market in 2015 and 2016 available in the information system of the State Agricultural Intervention Fund. The most significant volumes of freshwater fish were traded by traditional pond aquaculture companies (TPA) and approx. 1/3 of the all‑year production was sold at the end of the year (December). Another significant time when the supply of live fish from the TPA on the domestic market slightly increased was in March and then in April, i.e. before Easter, which represented approximately one fifth of all aquaculture production. The weakest periods in terms of marketing fish of TPA were the beginning of the year, i.e. during the first two months (January and February) and the period from May to September. On the contrary, the situation was different in intensive fish aquaculture companies (IA) which had the most significant volumes traded between April and September and then in November and December. However, the sold volume of fish from IA was not strictly concentrated in a single period.

scholarly journals A Historical Overview of Protected Agriculture in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico: Implications for Improving Rural Prosperity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Luis Flores ◽  
M. Craig Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Societal Problems

Economic development is an important phenomenon that can positively impact societal problems such as poverty, lack of education, and insufficient infrastructure, among other ills. In this regard, technological advances are essential to making better use of resources. The agricultural sector is no exception. With the passage of time, advances in agriculture have allowed processes to be optimized, improving production practices and minimizing risks, by using innovative technologies (Schenkel, Finley, & Chumney, 2012). For this reason, the adoption and use of approaches to protected agricultural production grew steadily in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico during the last century and until today. Such technology assisted significantly in the economic development of the region. This inquiry sought to understand factors and forces that augmented expansion of protected agriculture, especially regarding tomato production, and its advantages compared to traditional systems, as experienced by producers in Sinaloa. Understanding such a phenomenon may provide important implications for improving the economies of similar contexts in need of economic development where agriculture is a viable sector. Keywords: economic development; protected agriculture; Sinaloa tomato industry; technological innovation

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pangasius djambal Bleeker 1846 and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878) Hybrids: Biometric, Growth, and Ovarian Maturation

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Rudhy Gustiano ◽  
Anang H. Kristanto ◽  
Evi Tahapari ◽  
Bambang Iswanto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Aquaculture Production

<p>Evaluasi Karakter Biometrik, Pertumbuhan, dan Perkembangan Telur Hibrida Pangasius Djambal Bleeker 1846 dan Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878). Rudhy Gustiano, Anang H. Kristanto, Evi Tahapari, dan Bambang Iswanto. Program hibridisasi telah lama digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi perikanan, lebih dari tiga dekade. Perhatian besar terhadap program hibridisasi merupakan kekhawatiran pengaruhnya terhadap populasi alami. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penyediaan alat untuk mengidentifikasi secara cepat dan akurat di lapang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti karakter biometrik, keragaan pertumbuhan, dan perkembangan telur Pangasius djambal dan Pangasianodon hypophthalmus dan hibridanya. Analisis morfologi secara lengkap dilakukan pada hibrida. Uji pertumbuhan di kolam tanah dan pengamatan terhadap perkembangan telur juga diamati. Hasil pengamatan morfometrik dan meristik memperlihatkan bahwa hibrida memiliki karakter antara kedua induk asli, kecuali jumlah gigi tapis insang yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan tetuanya. Pengujian pertumbuhan di kolam tanah memperlihatkan hibrida memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan tetuanya, sedangkan perkembangan telur hibrida menunjukkan abnormal. Perkembangan telur tidak pernah mencapai kematangan sempurna, sebagian besar rusak dan berlemak. Dari kajian yang dilakukan, dapat dikemukakan bahwa hibrida P. djambal and P. hypophthalmus adalah hibrida yang sesungguhnya. Hibrida ini dapat digunakan sebagai benih sebar untuk kegiatan produksi budi daya karena dapat dideteksi dengan mudah dari kedua tetuanya, lebih cepat tumbuh, dan tidak dapat berkembang biak.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Hybridization program has been used to increase fish production for more than three decades. Concern to this program is due to the problem of potential impact on wild population. Hence, it is urgently needed to provide quick identification tools in the field and as well as commercial aspect in term of growth rate. This study investigated biometric characters, growth performance, and ovarian development of Pangasius djambal and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and their reciprocal hybrids. A detailed morphological analysis was done on the hybrids of P. djambal and P. hypophthalmus. Earthen pond on the growth comparison as well as the ovarian development was also observed. The results of morphometric and meristic showed that the reciprocal hybrids have intermediate characters except for gill rakers numbers in which lower than that of parental species. Growth analysis showed that hybrids has better performance compare to the parental one, while ovarian development of hybrids was developed abnormal. No oocytes reached vitellogenesis and showed major atresia and fatty. It can be concluded that hybrids of P. djambal and P. hypophthalmus is true hybrids. The hybrids can be used as final seed for aquaculture production due to clearly identify from parents, superior growth performance and steril.</p>

scholarly journals El cazador, la presa y el Dueño de los Animales: El complejo cinegético nahua / The hunter, the prey and the Owner of the Animals: The Nahua hunting complex

Revista Trace ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Juan Méndez Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
La Selva ◽  
Human Community ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Hunting Activity ◽  
Complex Scenario ◽  
San Martín

La cacería es un complejo escenario que permite configurar las relaciones entre humanos y no humanos. Estas relaciones han sido observadas, mediante el trabajo de campo etnográfico, entre los nahuas de San Martín Mazateopan, comunidad ubicada al sureste del estado de Puebla. La cacería en Mazateopan no es solo un medio de subsistencia, sino una forma de comunicarse con el Dueño de los Animales, el Tepechane, quien entregará a sus «hijas», los venados, a los cazadores. Para lograr esto, realizan una serie de actividades cuyo objetivo es desvincularlos de la comunidad de humanos para permitirles adquirir cualidades ontológicas específicas e introducirse en la selva de manera más segura al ser identificados por quienes la habitan y la poseen. Lo que se propone en este documento es que los procedimientos rituales realizados por los «buenos» cazadores responden a la estructura del cosmos nahua y tienen como propósito (re)configurar temporalmente la continuidad entre ellos y el Dueño de Animales; lo anterior con el fin de realizar la actividad cinegética de manera segura y poder conseguir con ello su propósito: acceder a la carne de monte.Abstract: Hunting is a complex scenario that allows to configure the relationships between humans and non-humans. These relationships have been observed, through ethnographic fieldwork, between the Nahuas of San Martín Mazateopan, a community located in the southeast of the state of Puebla. Hunting in Mazateopan is not only a means of subsistence, but a means of communicating with the owner of the animals, the Tepechane, who will hand over his «daughters», the deer, to the hunters. To achieve this, they carry out a series of activities whose objective is to dissociate them from the human community, to allow them to acquire specific ontological qualities and to enter the jungle in a more secure way when they are identified by those who inhabit and own them. Therefore, what is proposed in this document is that the ritual procedures practiced by the «good» hunters respond to the structure of the Nahua cosmos and aim to (re) temporarily configure the continuity between them and the owner of the animal. The above in order to conduct the hunting activity safely and thus achieve its objective: access to bushmeat.Keywords: hunting; Nahuas; feeding; hierarchy; alliance.Résumé : La chasse est un scénario complexe qui vous permet de configurer les relations entre les humains et les non-humains. Ces relations ont été observées, grâce à des travaux ethnographiques sur le terrain, entre les Nahuas de San Martín Mazateopan, une communauté située au sud-est de l’État de Puebla. La chasse à Mazateopan n’est pas seulement un moyen de subsistance, mais aussi un moyen de communiquer avec le propriétaire des animaux, le Tepechane, qui remettra ses « filles », le cerf, aux chasseurs. Pour y parvenir, ils mènent une série d’activités dont l’objectif est de les dissocier de la communauté humaine, de leur permettre d’acquérir des qualités ontologiques spécifiques et d’entrer dans la jungle de manière plus sécurisée lorsqu’ils sont identifiés par ceux qui l’habitent et en sont propriétaires. En conséquence, ce qui est proposé dans ce document est que les procédures rituelles pratiquées par les « bons » chasseurs répondent à la structure du cosmos Nahua et visent à (re) configurer temporairement la continuité entre eux et le propriétaire des animaux. Ce qui précède afin de mener l’activité de chasse en toute sécurité et d’atteindre ainsi son objectif: l’accès à la viande de brousse.Mots-clés : chasse ; Nahuas ; alimentation ; hiérarchie ; alliance.

Integrated Aquaculture: Road ahead for sustainable rural development in Meghalaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Rupak Nath ◽  
S. M. Kharbuli ◽  
R. N. Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Integrated Aquaculture ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Live Stock

Abstract: The unitary concept of producing crop is gradually changing to integrated system, with a view to integrate different farming components viz. fishery, live stock, horticulture to produce fish, eggs, meat and vegetables from the same farm. The major benefit of integrated system is utilization of resources effectively and recycling of waste within the farm and thus, ultimately maintaining ecological balance. Meghalaya a state located in the North Eastern India, characterized by hills and plateaus interspersed with valley lands in the foot hills. People of Meghalaya are predominantly dependent on agriculture and allied sector. Fish a very valuable source of protein, comprise an important part of the diet of local tribal people. As local wild fish supplies from natural water bodies diminishing and relatively limited aquaculture, fish production in the state is insufficient to satisfy the present demand of fish in Meghalaya. The present fish production in the state is 4.77 thousand tonnes against the demand estimated 30 thousand tonnes per annum. Massive demand of the fish is providing a market opportunity for fish producers in the state. The present study categorized integrated aquaculture as an important and promising enterprise for rural farming households of Meghalaya to maximize their farm income, providing nutritional security and as a whole to achieve sustainable development in the rural sector. Key words: Integrated aquaculture, sustainable development, hilly area

The Heroic Guerrilla

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Miguel La Serna
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Leader ◽  
Labor Activists ◽  
Enrique Lopez Albujar ◽  
Che Guevara ◽  
San Martín

Daniel Bravo is a young boy in San Martin, a department in the Amazon. The son of a peasant labor leader, he experiences the effects of a police massacre of labor activists in Tabalosos. Victor Polay and Nestor Cerpa head up a guerrilla front in San Martin to commemorate the anniversary of the death of Latin American revolutionary Che Guevara. The state counterinsurgency, headed by Defense Minister Enrique Lopez Albujar, comes to San Martin

Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Central United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
Aquaculture Production

<em>Abstract</em>.—Paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>populations in North America have long been exploited commercially for meat and roe; however, the history of paddlefish propagation and culture is more recent. Early efforts to artificially propagate and culture paddlefish were motivated by conservation following the construction of dams and destruction of spawning habitat on major rivers of the central United States. From these beginnings, paddlefish propagation and the species itself have spread from native U.S. waters to other countries, including Russia and China. In the United States, conservation is still an important aspect of paddlefish culture, although sport fishing and aquaculture production have been added to the mix. However, in those countries where paddlefish have been introduced, the motivation has been the perceived potential for producing food for domestic consumption and valuable products for export, including one of the most exotic and expensive food products in today’s world—caviar. The collective efforts of state and federal hatchery personnel in the United States, along with university researchers from the United States and worldwide have resulted in a more complete body of information on paddlefish propagation and culture. Included in this collection are methods for handling broodstock, induced spawning, and nursery stages of production, along with cryopreservation of milt and manipulation of sex ratios in the hatchery to produce a preponderance of female fish. We have assembled this collection here to provide a single source reference and have added information concerning hatchery design, regulations, and the grow-out stages of aquaculture food fish production.

scholarly journals Change in Fishing Patterns in Jammu & Kashmir Provinces of J&K – A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
Imtiyaz Qayoom ◽  
Masood Balkhi ◽  
Bilal Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Future Production

Jammu and Kashmir serves a congenial habitat for variety of fish species due to large number of cold water resources which has paved way for the development of fisheries sector in the state. The state has crossed 20.0 thousand tonnes of fish production because of modern aquacultural practices implied at both governmental and private levels. Kashmir province is a leading producer of fishes contributing more than 80% of the total production of the state while as Jammu on the other hand has also emerged as a major producer of animal protein through fisheries sector. The fish production data of four decades reflects increasing trend of production in all commercially important species of both the provinces. However the statistical models forecasting the future production provide an idea about the growth patterns in fishes. In this paper, growth pattern of three different fish species (Trout, Mirror carp and Country fish) from Kashmir province and various fishes from Jammu province (collectively named as Jammu fish) of the state was assessed using fish production data from 1956-57 to 2011-12. Forecasting of fish production was made on the basis of the best fitted statistical models. Results showed that Kashmir province shows overall compound growth of 4.2% against 7.9% of increased compound growth rate of fish production of Jammu province since 1956-57. Cubic model was found to be the best fitted model for all the species in both the regions. However, when future fish production of the state is taken into consideration, the statistical models indicated a decreasing trend in the overall fish production of both the provinces. Besides, the matter of concern is that the demand of 70,000 thousand tonne consumption of fish protein in the state which is a milestone yet to be achieved.

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