Heat unit requirement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different thermal and moisture regimes

An experiment was conducted during 2016-17 and 2017-18 at WTC, ICAR-IARI New Delhi on wheat crop sown on three dates (15th November, 30th November and 15th December) with five irrigation treatments. The results indicated that the number of days required for attaining different phenological stages decreased with delay in sowing.For all the phenological stages, crop sown on 15th November consumed higher heat units and consequently resulted in higher yield and heat use efficiency (HUE) than that of other sowing. However, higher pheno-thermal index (PTI) values were observed for the late sown crop i.e. 15th December. Further, among the irrigation treatments, five irrigations throughout the growing period showed increase in days to physiological maturity as well as heat units and HUE for grain and biological yield as compared to other treatments. Five irrigations throughout the growing period increased the grain yield by 69 per cent and biological yield by 46 per cent that that of one irrigation at CRI stage. However, there was no significant difference observed between four and five irrigations levels. The heat units or GDD had highly significant correlation with biological yield(r=0.91) as well as with the grain yield (r=0.85).

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Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Character Associations for Yield and Its Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5686 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anuj Kumar ◽

Pooran Chand ◽

Ravi Singh Thapa ◽

Tejbir Singh

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Cluster Distance ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Late Sowing

Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) an important self-pollinated and hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) cereal crop belongs to the grass family Gramineae (Poaceae). With the gradual increase in human population, there is a substantial increase in the demands for food requirements. Hence, increasing the wheat production is an important goal to overcome the demand of food. The only alternative is to increase productivity by better crop management techniques and introduction of high yielding varieties. The current study aimed to study the genetic diversity in wheat genotypes for further selection and utilization in breeding programmes and identification of transgressive segregants for genetic improvement in wheat crop. Methods: In the field investigation during 2017-2019, forty genotypes were evaluated at research farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Kisan P.G. College, Simbhaoli, Hapur (U.P). The observations were recorded on five randomly selected competitive plants from each genotype in each replication and recorded data from each replication was subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Significant differences were observed for all the characters studied in both environments (early and late). Highest GCV and PCV were recorded for flag leaf area, number of tillers per plant and grain yield in both environments. Plant height, days to 50% heading and grain yield in early sowing and for plant height, gluten content and grain yield exhibited high heritability estimates in late sowing. Biological yield and harvest index showed positive and significant association with grain yield under both environments. Biological yield and harvest index have positive and direct effect on grain yield in both environments. Forty genotypes were grouped into seven clusters in early sowing and six clusters in late sowing. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters VI and IV in early sowing and between cluster III and II in Late sowing. Genotypes PBW-34 showed wide genetic diversity in both the environments (early and late sowing). Based on the divergence studies it is suggested that maximum heterosis and good recombinants could be obtained in crosses between the genotypes of clusters which showed highest inter cluster distance and these genotypes can be utilized in crop improvement programmes.

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Study of Coefficient of Variation, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Different Traits of Rice Genotypes Grown under Aerobic Condition

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management ◽

10.23910/1.2021.2290a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 426-430

Author(s):

Susmita Dey ◽

◽

Rakesh Kumar ◽

K. R. Battan ◽

A. K. Chhabra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Aerobic Condition ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Root Volume ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Kernel Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Biological Yield

The field experiments with thirty genotypes were conducted during June to October month of kharif, 2018 and kharif, 2019, to assess extent of variability under aerobic condition. The genotypes were sown under dry direct seeded condition using randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Each genotype was sown in single row of 5 m length with spacing of 20 cm between rows and 15 cm between plants. Data recorded for 22 characters including different morphological and quality traits from 5 randomly selected plants of each replication and mean data used for analysis. ANOVA revealed that the mean sum of squares were highly significant difference for most of the traits. The value of PCV was higher than GCV for all the twenty-two characters. However, maximum GCV and PCV were observed for root dry weight plant-1 (31.44% and 32.17%) followed grain yield plant-1 (29.97% and 31.03%), root volume (28.62% and 29.20%), root fresh weight plant-1 (28.51% and 29.08%), biological yield plant-1 (21.86% 22.50%) and number of grains panicle-1 (20.55% and 21.37%). Rest of the traits showed moderate and low GCV and PCV. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for the traits viz., leaf length, number of tillers plant-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000 seed weight, root length, root volume, root fresh weight plant-1, root dry weight plant-1, kernel length-breadth ratio, grain yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index. The information regarding different variability will provide direction to select high yielding genotypes under aerobic condition.

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Effects of Mono-Ammonium Phosphate and K-Humate Applications on Grain Yield and Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency of Bread Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i1230353 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 52-61

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Yossif ◽

Sait Gezgin

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Uptake Efficiency ◽

Basic Reaction ◽

Dry Conditions

Study was aimed to determine the effect of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4) and K-Humate application on grain yield and grain phosphorus uptake efficiency which applied on Central Anatolian calcareous and basic reaction soil. The research was conducted at Bahri Dağdaş Agricultural Research Institute field in dry conditions during 2018 - 19 to determine the effect of phosphorus doses @ 0, 17.5 and 35.0 kg ha-1 and K-Humate @ 0 and 12 kg ha-1 on Bayraktar 2000 variety of bread wheat crop grain yield, agronomic (AE), physiological (PE) and apparent recovery (AR) phosphorus uptake efficiency. Results of the research revealed that increased phosphorus rate, enhances grain yield and amount of grain phosphorus uptake increase, while the grain AE, PE and AR were decreasing significantly. Additionally, with the K-Humate application with respect to control, the grain yield was positively affected in P0 and P17.5, while the grain phosphorus uptake amount was increased by 13%, in the P35 application the grain yield and the grain phosphorus uptake amount decreased by 9% and 5% respectively. In another direction, with the K-Humate application depending on control, in P17.5 application grain AE and AR were increased by 13% and 12% respectively, while grain PE decreased by 54%. Besides, with the K-Humate application according to control and in the P35 application grain AE, PE and AR were decreased by 66%, 51% and 40% respectively.

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Grain yield, dry matter remobilization and chlorophyll content in maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by nitrogen and water deficit

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v44i3.38540 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 359-356

Author(s):

Mahta Haghjoo ◽

Abdollah Bahrani

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Biological Yield

Out of 20, 40, 60 and 80 per cent moisture depletion 20% showed significantly higher grain yields, biological yield, chlorophyll a, b than the others. However, the highest contribution of stem and leaf dry matter remobilization in grain yield were obtained in 80% moisture depletion and 300 kg N/ha and the lowest one was found in the 20% moisture depletion and 150 kg N/ha. Nitrogen application increased all traits, however there were no significant difference between 250 and 300 kg N/ha.

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Alternatives to summerfallow and subsequent wheat and barley yield on a Dark Brown soil

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps96-041 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 223-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S. A. Brandt

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Green Manure ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Green Manures ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Suitable Alternative

A number of alternative options to summerfallow are feasible on the Dark Brown soils of the Canadian prairies. These include recropping to cereal or pulse crops, as well as use of summerfallow substitute crops, such as legume green manures. The objective of this study was to evaluate these options for their impact on the productivity of subsequent crops. Green-manure lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.), incorporated at either the bud or full-bloom stage of growth, field pew (Pisum sativum L.), grain lentil, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown as grain were compared with conventional summerfallow for their impact on yield of a succeeding wheat crop and of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown the year after wheat on a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil at Scott, Saskatchewan. During the 5-yr period, 1984–1988, above-ground dry-matter production of green-manure lentil averaged 500 kg ha−1 at the bud stage of growth but more than doubled to 3170 kg ha−1, by full bloom. Grain yield of field pea averaged 1470 kg ha−1, while that of grain lentil, unfertilized wheat, and N-fertilized wheat averaged 1220, 1290 and 1490 kg ha−1, respectively. Considerable year-to-year yield variation occurred with all crops, variability being greatest for lentil. Yield of wheat grown after lentil green manure was similar to yield of wheat on summerfallow (2340 kg ha−1) during each of the 5 yr for both early (2360 kg ha−1) and late (2250 kg ha−1) incorporation. Wheat yield after pea (2210 kg ha−1) or grain lentil (2080 kg ha−) was reduced in 1987, but it was equal to wheat yield after summerfallow during the remaining 4 yr. Yield of wheat on wheat stubble, whether fertilized with N (1830 kg ha−1) or not (1610 kg ha−1), was generally lower than on summerfallow. Yield of barley grown the following year was generally unaffected by summerfallow or summerfallow substitute treatments. The higher value and similar productivity of pea and grain lentil, compared with wheat, combined with their favourable impact on subsequent wheat yield, should make these crops attractive alternatives to summerfallow. On fields unsuited to pea or grain lentil production, lentil green manures may be a suitable alternative to summerfallow because they should reduce soil degradation, although lentil green manures leave little residue to protect against soil erosion where through incorporation is practised. Summerfallow or green manure incorporated early or late generally resulted in greater available soil water and N for a succeeding crop than did grain lentil, pea or wheat. Key words: Green manuring, legume effect, recropping, lentil, grain yield, summerfallow alternatives

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Effect Of High Temperature On Yield Attributing Traits In Bread Wheat

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9270 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 415-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Khajan Singh ◽

SN Sharma ◽

Yogendra Sharma

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Major Constraint ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Heat Susceptibility Index

High temperature stress is major constraint to bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell) production. Generation of information on the effect of high temperature stress on various traits may be helpful for developing thermotolerance bread wheat variety. An experiment was conducted on a set of 10 diverse genotypes, their 45 F1s and F2s for identification of high temperature stress genotype. The experiment was conducted under normal and late sown condition. The parent HD 2851, P8W 520, and HS 448, and the crosses HS 448 × PBW 520, UP 2614 × K 209 and PBW 520 × HD 2851 for grain yield per plant were least affected under late sown conditions. Heat stress intensity (Dvalue) clearly indicated that grain yield per pant biological yield per plant and grain yield per spike suffered revively under late sown conditions. Keywords: Bread wheat; heat susceptibility index; tolerant genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9270 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 415-426

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Accentuating the Role of Nitrogen to Phosphorus Ratio on the Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2253

Author(s):

Maria Mussarat ◽

Muhammad Shair ◽

Dost Muhammad ◽

Ishaq Ahmad Mian ◽

Shadman Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

N Uptake ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Spad Value ◽

Biological Yield ◽

The Impact

Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major yield limiting factor across the globe and their proper management plays a vital role in optimizing crop yield. This field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of soil and plant nitrogen N and P ratio on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in alkaline calcareous soil. The study consisted of various levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, and 160 kg ha−1 as urea) and phosphorus (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 as diammonium phosphate), and was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement having three replications. The result showed that the addition of 160 kg N ha−1 significantly improved biological yield (10,052 kg ha−1), grain weight (3120 kg ha−1), chlorophyll content at tillering stage soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value (35.38), N uptake in straw (33.42 kg ha−1), and K uptake in straw (192 kg ha−1) compared to other N levels. In case of P, 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 had resulted maximum biological yield (9852 kg ha−1), grain yield (3663 kg ha−1), chlorophyll content at tillering stage (SPAD value 34.36), P (6.68 mg kg−1) and K (171 kg ha−1) uptake in straw. The sole use of N and P have positively influenced the biological and grain yield but their interaction didn’t response to biological yield. The present study reveals that SPAD value (chlorophyll meter) is the better choice for determining plant N and P concentrations to estimate the yield potential.

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Chemical Weed Control in Paddy Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Author(s):

A. SEDDIGUI KIASARI ◽

H. AMINPANAH ◽

P. SHARIFI

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Azospirillum Lipoferum ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Growing Period ◽

Management Regime ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hand Weeding

ABSTRACT: Herbicides, as a major part of weed control strategy in paddy fields, have different impact on growth and activity of soil-beneficial bacteria such as Azospirillum species. A field experiment was conducted at Sefid Rood Livestock and Agricultural Company, northern Iran, to investigate the possibility of chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with Azospirillum lipoferum. The experiment was designed in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block with three replicates. The factors were Azospirillum application (inoculation with or without Azospirillum lipoferum) and weed management regime (butachlor application with supplementary hand-weeding, bensulfuron methyl application with supplementary hand-weeding, combination of butachlor and bensulfuron methyl application with supplementary hand-weeding, hand-weeding at 15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting, and no weeding [not weeded during the rice-growing period). The results showed that plants inoculated with A. lipoferum produced 19% higher grain yield compared to plants that were not inoculated. The highest grain yields were recorded for plots treated with butachlor with supplementary hand-weeding (4,512 kg ha-1) and for those treated with a combination of butachlor and bensulfuron methyl with supplementary hand-weeding (4500.5 kg ha-1). The lowest yield (3494.3 kg ha-1) was recorded for weedy plots. No significant interaction was detected between A. lipoferum application and weed management regime for grain yield, indicating that the herbicides had no adverse effect on the efficiency of A. lipoferum in promoting growth and grain yield of rice. There was no significant difference in the dry weights of weed between inoculated and non-inoculated plots. The dry weights of weed in hand-weeded and herbicide-treated plots were significantly lower than that of the weedy plot. In conclusion, the result of this experiment confirms the possibility of chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with A. lipoferum.

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Evaluation of drought tolerance of triticale (xTriticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) genotypes along with bread wheat and barley genotypes

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2019.113.2.15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

Seyyed Hamid Reza RAMAZANI ◽

Ali IZANLOO

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Principal Component ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

Barley Genotypes

<p>The effects of drought stress on morphological and yield traits of six different genotypes of triticale along with wheat and barley were studied. The experiment was conducted in agricultural college of Sarayan, University of Birjand in 2016-2017 growing season. Experiment was a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with drought stress in main plots and eight mentioned genotypes in subplots in three replications. Results of analysis of variance and means comparison analysis showed significant and negative effect of drought stress on grain yield and biological yield of all investigated genotypes. There was significant difference among investigated genotypes of triticale, wheat, and barley for grain yield under drought stress at 1 % probability level. Pazh genotype of triticale was found as the most drought tolerance genotype, among all investigated genotypes, based on almost all drought tolerance indexes. The highest significant correlation with grain yield was related to biological yield, harvest index, spike/shoot ratio, height and straw yield. GGE biplot analysis of genotypes based on their Yp and Ys showed that Pazh, Jualino, and Sanabad genotypes of triticale had more trends to Ys principal component than ET-89-11 line, wheat, and barley genotypes, therefore show more tolerance to drought stress.</p>

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EVALUATION BREAD WHEAT PURE LINES UNDER EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES FOR GRAIN YIELD AND IT, S COMPONENT

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v47i5.488 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Baktash & Naes

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Pure Line ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Research Station ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pure Lines ◽

Plot Design

This research was carried out at the Swerah Research Station –Office of Agricultural Researches Ministry of Agriculture, during 2014-2015 season. The objective of this research was to evaluation 15 pure lines (Triticum aestivum L.). genotypes ,the seventh generation developed by half dialled method between 6 parents. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with three replicates ,The main plots were four seeding rates (120, 160, 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 ), while the 21 genotypes occupied sub plots .The two pure lines S97 and S148 out yielded other genotypes except A4.10 and Abu-Ghraib in grain yield which, produced 6.35 and 6.09 t.ha-1, respecting .increasing seeding rates caused to increase in number of spikes .plant-1 and flag leaves angle. Significant difference were found among genotypes due to seeding rate.The pure line S148 ,using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rate produced highest grain yield (7.49 t.ha-1) which did not differed from using A4.10 under 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 seeding rate. It was recommended to certify the pure line S148 using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rate for cultivation at central of Iraq.

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