A STUDY OF LITERATURE: CRYPTOCURRENCY OF SYARIAH PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-428
Author(s):  
M. Shabri Abd. Majid ◽  
Marliyah Marliyah ◽  
Rita Handayani ◽  
Fuadi Fuadi ◽  
Afrizal Afrizal
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
Supervisory Authority ◽  
Fiat Money ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Crypto Currency ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Transaction Security ◽  
Digital Or

Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency, which does not have a physical form like fiat money. This crypto currency can only be used through devices such as PCs, laptops, smartphones and other devices that are connected to the internet. There are several advantages in a crypto system that uses blockchain system, such as transaction security, convenience, speed and can be used across countries and continents, however cryptocurrency which is currently circulating also still have weaknesses, including there is no supervisory authority, even many countries have disagreements over the legality of this cryptocurrency. The debate about the pros and cons regarding to the use of cryptocurrency becomes dynamics among the experts including the scholars who have study from Islamic point of view. This research aims to examine the dynamics of using cryptocurrency from ushul fiqh point of view, where the methods which used in this research are al-qur'an, al-Hadith, Qiyas and Sad-Adzariyah. Basically the use of cryptocurrency is allowed to meet cetain conditions that is by removing batil elements as in Quran surah An-Nisa verse 29, those batil elements are gharar and mayshir. Moreover, cryptocurrency must also have clear legality in a country for security in their use.

Transaksi Cryptocurrency dalam Pandangan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Hardian Satria Jati ◽  
Ahmad Arif Zulfikar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Crypto Currency ◽  
Pros And Cons

The increasingly widespread development of the digital era has led to changes in the payment system which then affects the economic behavior of the community in line with the increase in various services that facilitate economic activity. An example is the emergence of crypto currency or Cryptocurrency as a digital currency that has almost the same function as other currencies. The thing that distinguishes this digital currency from conventional currencies in general is that it does not have a physical form of money like currency currency but only a block of data bound by a hash as validation. Although it provides a number of advantages for its users, the existence of cryptocurrencies in Indonesia itself is still experiencing pros and cons in terms of regulation and legality, especially from the point of view of Islamic law for its use. Therefore, this study was conducted to review cryptocurrencies that are widely used in transactions, especially investments from the perspective of Islamic law. This research is a qualitative library research. The data analysis technique used is descriptive-analytical with a normative juridical approach to Islamic law. Based on a number of references used in this study, it is known that investing with cryptocurrencies has a very high risk because its value can go up or down drastically and unpredictable. Meanwhile, from the point of view of Islamic sharia law, the law of this cryptocurrency transaction is haram lighairihi.

Prospects of Using Virtual Currencies for the Socio-Economic Development of the Country

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
M. N. Prokofiev ◽  
E. S. Borisova ◽  
A. V. Vorobyeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
Fiat Money ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Crypto Currency ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Future

The subject of research is the influence of virtual currencies on the socio- economic development. The purpose of research was to determine the specific features and development prospects of virtual innovation currencies as currencies of the future. The paper analyzes the virtual currency as a phenomenon of the modern payment system. The key characteristics of the crypto currency, their difference from the fiat money, the interrelation with the blockchain technology are indicated. The dynamics of the crypto currency market capitalization is demonstrated by a bitcoin example. The reasons for the attractiveness of the virtual currency for consumers and the growth of its popularity are revealed. The role of the new currency in the development of the world economy is described. The main advantages and disadvantages of the virtual currency as well as the main threats when using it are highlighted. Two opposing views on the future of the crypto currency are considered. As a result, the role of the virtual currency in the socio-economic development of the state is outlined, the prospects for using the currency in question are forecasted, and the factors contributing to its development are listed. It is concluded that virtual currencies established and distributed as a function of time and speed of introduction of scientific and technical achievements in the financial sphere are a technical and economic innovation of the present.

scholarly journals IS FUTURE A RULE OF DIGITAL CURRENCY???

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Hariharan Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
Payments Systems ◽  
Financial Consultants ◽  
Digital Or

Digital Currency (DC) is a form of currency that is available in digital or electronic form and not in physical form. Digitalization has remodeled money and payments systems. Although digital money itself is not new to modern economies, digital currencies now facilitate spontaneous peer-to-peer transfers of value in a way that was formerly impossible. Digital currency has already materialized in a variety of contexts. Digital Currency is an extent put away in a dispersed database on the Internet. This study is toted with the objective to highlight the concept of digital currency, its  various forms, evolution and growth, global impact, impact during COVID-19 and the future of digital currency. This is an historical descriptive study which flashes the opinions given by distinctive researchers and disparate financial consultants and central banks.

Tanggapan dan Horizon Harapan Pembaca terhadap Le Petit Prince Karya A. De Saint-Exupery: Tinjauan Resepsi Sastra

Metahumaniora ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Tania Intan ◽  
Trisna Gumilar
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Reading ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Reader Responses ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Research Type

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendekripsikan tanggapan pembaca terhadap novel Le Petit Prince (2) mendeskripsikan horizon harapan pembaca terhadap novel Le Petit Prince, dan (3) mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor penyebab perbedaan tanggapan dan horizon harapan pembaca. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa teks yang memuat tanggapan pembaca novel Le Petit Princeyang terdiri dari 20 orang, sedangkan sumber datanya berupa artikel dan makalah yang dimuat di media massa cetak dan elektronik termasuk internet. Instrumen penelitian berupa seperangkat konsep tentang pembaca, tanggapan pembaca, dan horizon harapan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi dan data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang didapat sebagai berikut. (1) Seluruh pembaca menanggapi atau menilai positif unsur tema, alur, tokoh, latar, sudut pandang, gaya bahasa, teknik penceritaan, bahasa, dan isi novel Le Petit Prince. (2) Harapan sebagian besar pembaca sebelum membaca novel Le Petit Prince sesuai dengan kenyataan ke sembilan unsur di dalam novel Le Petit Prince, sehingga pembaca dapat dengan mudah menerima dan memberikan pujian pada novel Le Petit Prince. (3) Faktor penyebab perbedaan tanggapan dan horizon harapan pembaca selain perbedaan stressing unsur yang ditanggapi juga karena perbedaan pengetahuan tentang sastra, pengetahuan tentang kehidupan, dan pengalaman membaca karya sastra.Kata kunci: tanggapan pembaca, horizon harapan, Le Petit PrinceAbstractThis study aims to (1) describe reader’s responses to the novel Le Petit Prince (2) to describe the reader's expectations horizon of Le Petit Prince's novel, and (3) to describe the factors causing differences in responses and the horizon of readers' expectations. This research is a descriptive qualitative research type. The research data consist of a set of paragraphs that contains readers' responses to Le Petit Prince's novel, while the data sources are articles and papers published in print and electronic mass media including the internet. The research instruments are a set of reader concepts, reader responses, and expectations horizon. The technique of collecting data is observation and data are analyzed by using qualitative descriptive technique. The results obtained are as follow: (1) All readers respond and valuethe theme elements,plots, characters, background, point of view, language, titles, storytelling techniques, language, and extrinsic novel Le Petit Prince positively. (2) The expectations of most readers before reading Le Petit Prince's novels are in accordance with the nine facts in Le Petit Prince's novel, so readers can easily accept and give prise to Le Petit Prince's novel. (3) Factors causing differences in responses and horizon of readers' expectations other than the stressing differences of the elements being addressed also due to the differences in knowledge of literature, knowledge of life and literary reading experience. Keywords: readers responses, expectations horizon, Le Petit Prince

The Legal Status of Cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Crypto Currency ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Definition Of

The paper focuses on the definition of the legal status of the cryptocurrency in the framework of the current Russian legislation. The subject of the research is the principal scientific and practical approaches to determining the object of civil rights and the object of acquisitive crimes in terms of their adaptability to cryptocurrencies. The purposes of the work were the search for a universal algorithm for resolving civil disputes related to the turnover of the crypto currency, and the qualification of the virtual currency theft (fraud). By using historical, comparative legal and dialectical methods as well as the content analysis method parallels between cryptocurrencies and individual objects of civil rights (a thing, property rights, other property) were drawn, and a number of options for qualifying the actions related to the non-repayable withdrawal of the cryptocurrency were proposed. Finally, the paper analyzes the draft laws prepared by the RF Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and presents the author’s vision of the prospects for legalizing the cryptocurrency as an object of civil rights.

scholarly journals ALVIC versus the Internet: Redesigning a Networked Virtual Environment Architecture

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Quax ◽  
Jeroen Dierckx ◽  
Bart Cornelissen ◽  
Wim Lamotte
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Generic Framework ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Networked Virtual Environment ◽  
Near Future

The explosive growth of the number of applications based on networked virtual environment technology, both games and virtual communities, shows that these types of applications have become commonplace in a short period of time. However, from a research point of view, the inherent weaknesses in their architectures are quickly exposed. The Architecture for Large-Scale Virtual Interactive Communities (ALVICs) was originally developed to serve as a generic framework to deploy networked virtual environment applications on the Internet. While it has been shown to effectively scale to the numbers originally put forward, our findings have shown that, on a real-life network, such as the Internet, several drawbacks will not be overcome in the near future. It is, therefore, that we have recently started with the development of ALVIC-NG, which, while incorporating the findings from our previous research, makes several improvements on the original version, making it suitable for deployment on the Internet as it exists today.

Strengthening and widening of steel pony truss bridges

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-225
Author(s):  
Baidar Bakht ◽  
Paul F. Csagoly
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Truss Bridges ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Live Loads ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Pony Truss Bridge ◽  
Truss Bridge

There are many thousands of existing pony truss bridges in North America which were constructed in the earlier part of this century and are still serving as important traffic carriers. The present economic situation demands that these bridges should usefully serve their purpose for as long as is safely possible.These bridges could be found inadequate for either or both of the following reasons. With the exception of remote areas, operational traffic safety would require two 12-ft lanes plus adequate shoulders. Many of these old bridges are therefore unsatisfactory from the geometrical point of view. Some bridges were designed for live loads that are only a fraction of present commercial vehicle weights.A computer-oriented method of rigorous analysis of lateral buckling behaviour of pony truss bridges is briefly discussed. The method is implemented through a computer program which has been validated by experimental data. It is expected that the program would predict realistic values of load-carrying capacity of such bridges and would help to avoid many an unnecessary replacement.Various methods of strengthening and widening pony truss bridges, and their pros and cons, are discussed. It is shown that the strengthening of a few components of a pony truss bridge does not always lead to an increase in the load-carrying capacity of the bridge.

LEGAL NATURE OF THE COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SOVEREIGNTY OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Solodka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Processes ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Information Law ◽  
Functional Areas

As a result of the study it was found that the issue of determining the components of information sovereignty of Ukraine and their legal nature can be considered from two main approaches: the separation of functional areas (aspects) of information sovereignty or the separation of its system elements. In particular, the information sovereignty of Ukraine as a complex category of information law, the elements of which reflect various forms of information and areas of its manifestation in modern society, in the most general form includes the following functional aspects: information-humanitarian and information-technological. The information-humanitarian component of information sovereignty includes three aspects: national (people's), state and personal, and is primarily related to the informational identification of a person, nation and state and the establishment of information links between them. These aspects can be detailed through cultural, ideological, spiritual components and so on. The information-technological component is realized through the concept of digital sovereignty and is associated with cyberspace – environment resulting from the interaction of people, software and services on the Internet using technological devices and networks connected to them, which does not exist in any physical form. But to identify the components of information sovereignty in terms of its system elements, identifying information sovereignty with information policy or in particular with information security, we consider it impractical, because the relevant elements – information resources, information processes and their subjects, etc. are components of the information sphere.

scholarly journals Broken promises of Internet and democracy: Internet art in Serbia, 1996–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-900
Author(s):  
Nina Mihaljinac ◽  
Vera Mevorah
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Art ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Internet Revolution

The article uses case studies of artistic and cultural practices on Internet in Serbia (1996–2014) to provide a deeper analysis of possible uses of internet technology and internet art for social and political change as well as showcasing changing attitudes toward the internet in a transitional semi-periphery state. Through analyzing these questions, the article defines several phases of development of internet and art projects in Serbia including (a) the phase of techno-utopia when internet technology was used for staging and supporting student protests and the so-called first ‘internet revolution’ in Serbia (1996–1999); (b) the phase of ambivalence or ‘mixed feelings’ toward the Internet, triggered of by Kosovo War and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)-led bombing of 1999–2000; (c) the phase of optimism and hope about the Internet after the ‘October 5th’ revolution (2000–cc. 2005); and (d) the phase of disillusionment with both the Internet and democracy (2010–2014). This study re-evaluates early achievements and democratic principles of networked society and illuminates core issues and accomplishments of cyberculture from the 1990s until present times through the point of view of multiple actors present within Serbian art and culture.

scholarly journals Comparison of Digital Copyright Protection on Over the Top (OTT) Streaming Content Media in Indonesia and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-212
Author(s):  
Agung Kurniawan Sihombing ◽  
Rika Ratna Permata ◽  
Tasya Safiranita Ramli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Copyright ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Digital Copyright Protection ◽  
Over The Top

In the rapid technological development, physical boundaries have begun to disappear. The internet has created a ‘free culture’. In addition, the era is challenging the copyright concept along with the emergence of ‘digital copyright’. It has become the main commodity of Over-the-Top services providing means of communication and entertainment through the internet. Content streaming service like Netflix uses films, as well as other cinematographic works, as its main commodities. OTT Streaming media helps to protect copyright holders' rights that previously have been violated by illegal streaming sites on the internet. Unfortunately, it also raises a new question: how digital copyright-objects can be protected in this kind of service. Without physical form, copyright object can be distributed easily on the internet, and it may lead to right violations. To answer this problem, the authors aim to describe the digital copyright protection on OTT Streaming Content Media in Indonesia and compare them to the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of the United States of America using a descriptive-analytical approach. This study employed a normative juridical approach with secondary data. The results of this study indicate that digital copyright protection in Indonesia is still centered on conventional copyright objects, and a sui generis law is needed to provide better protection for digital copyright objects.

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