scholarly journals Environmental Pollution Effects on Mortality in an Industrial and a Non-industrial Municipality, in Voiotia Prefecture, Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Eirini Saranti-Papasaranti ◽  
Elena Riza ◽  
Konstantinos Hadjistavrou ◽  
Demosthenes Panagiotakos ◽  
Athena Linos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Rate Ratios

In the Oinofita region, there was strong evidence of air pollution and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-contaminated drinking water due to the increased number of industries, in contrast to the closely-located region of Arachova, which served as a control. To examine the health effects of environmental pollution, we performed an ecological study to compare the all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We considered the registered citizens of both study areas during an 11-year period (1999-2009) and we used the direct method of standardization to calculate the age, gender and period standardized rates (ASRs) and the standardized rate ratios (SRRs), using the greater Prefecture of Voiotia as the standard population. Statistically significantly higher rates of all-cause mortality (SRR = 1.22, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.1-1.4), cardiovascular (SRR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.1-1.7) and cerebrovascular diseases (SRR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.8-4.8) were identified for Oinofita compared to Arachova. Furthermore, suggestive results were found for cardiopulmonary diseases among males (SRR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.0-2.4) and leukaemias (SRR = 4.65, 95% CI 0.9-25.3). Elevated SRRs, not statistically significant though, were also observed for respiratory diseases, all cancers and specific cancer sites (lip, oral cavity and pharynx, liver, stomach, pancreas, lung, prostate, colon and kidney and other genitourinary organs among females). Increased mortality rates in the Oinofita region support the hypothesis of adverse health effects association with air pollution and Cr(VI)-contaminated drinking water. Further studies are needed to determine if this association is causal and to establish preventive guidelines and public health recommendations.

scholarly journals Industrial pollution related health problems among residents of a rural area in central Kerala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchithra Erath Thadathil ◽  
Jaya Koothupalakkal Viswambharan ◽  
Alok Kanjhoor Premdas ◽  
Ashwin Raj
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Air pollution leads to several health effects, the major systems affected were respiratory, dermatology, neurology and ophthalmology. This study is an attempt to find out various health effects of pollution, from a food factory to the nearby residents.Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was performed on 248 residents nearby a food factory, situated in rural area of Thrissur district and a comparative group of 266 participants taken 5km away from this factory.Results: Both the groups were comparable in socio-demographic profile except religion and occupation. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the use of firewood in both the groups. The symptoms of major systems involved were respiratory (odds ratio 3.9, 95% CI 2.2 to 6.8), dermatological (odds ratio 18.3, 95% CI 8.3 to 40.7), neurological (odds ratio 13.5, 95% CI 4.1 to 44.7) and ophthalmological (odds ratio 5.9, 95% CI 2.6 to 13.6). The major symptoms complained by them were pruritus (32.7%), skin lesions (17.7%), breathlessness (16.9%), itching eye (13.3%) watering from eye (11.7%) and headache (11.3%). All these symptoms among the case group compared to control group were very high and these associations were highly statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study showed an increased occurrence of adverse health effects among the individuals who were residing near the food factory. Therefore this study points out the possibility of environmental pollution (mainly air pollution) as a main factor for the increased prevalence of symptoms among those who reside nearby the factory.

Pesticide Contaminated Drinking Water and Health Effects on Pregnant Women and Children

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Sanjeevi Ramakrishnan ◽  
Anuradha Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Women And Children

In the recent years, pesticide research and regulatory efforts have focused on the prevention of acute health effects from pesticide poisonings and pesticide residues on foods, but more attention is being given to the deleterious chronic health effects. Children and pregnant women's exposure to contaminated water in particular are at high risk for subsequent adverse health outcomes. The chapter summaries the health effects of water contamination.

scholarly journals New Opportunities to Mitigate the Burden of Disease Caused by Traffic Related Air Pollution: Antioxidant-Rich Diets and Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Barthelemy ◽  
Kristen Sanchez ◽  
Mark R. Miller ◽  
Haneen Khreis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Antioxidant Intake ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

Air pollution is associated with premature mortality and a wide spectrum of diseases. Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is one of the most concerning sources of air pollution for human exposure and health. Until TRAP levels can be significantly reduced on a global scale, there is a need for effective shorter-term strategies to prevent the adverse health effects of TRAP. A growing number of studies suggest that increasing antioxidant intake, through diet or supplementation, may reduce this burden of disease. In this paper, we conducted a non-systematic literature review to assess the available evidence on antioxidant-rich diets and antioxidant supplements as a strategy to mitigate adverse health effects of TRAP in human subjects. We identified 11 studies that fit our inclusion criteria; 3 of which investigated antioxidant-rich diets and 8 of which investigated antioxidant supplements. Overall, we found consistent evidence that dietary intake of antioxidants from adherence to the Mediterranean diet and increased fruit and vegetable consumption is effective in mitigating adverse health effects associated with TRAP. In contrast, antioxidant supplements, including fish oil, olive oil, and vitamin C and E supplements, presented conflicting evidence. Further research is needed to determine why antioxidant supplementation has limited efficacy and whether this relates to effective dose, supplement formulation, timing of administration, or population being studied. There is also a need to better ascertain if susceptible populations, such as children, the elderly, asthmatics and occupational workers consistently exposed to TRAP, should be recommended to increase their antioxidant intake to reduce their burden of disease. Policymakers should consider increasing populations’ antioxidant intake, through antioxidant-rich diets, as a relatively cheap and easy preventive measure to lower the burden of disease associated with TRAP.

scholarly journals Premature Adult Mortality and Years of Life Lost Attributed to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution and Potential for Mitigating Adverse Health Effects in Tuzla and Lukavac, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Vlatka Matkovic ◽  
Maida Mulić ◽  
Selma Azabagić ◽  
Marija Jevtić
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

Ambient air pollution is one of eight global risk factors for deaths and accounts for 38.44 all causes death rates attributable to ambient PM pollution, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is 58.37. We have estimated health endpoints and possible gains if two policy scenarios were implemented and air pollution reduction achieved. Real-world health and recorded PM pollution data for 2018 were used for assessing the health impacts and possible gains. Calculations were performed with WHO AirQ+ software against two scenarios with cut-off levels at country-legal values and WHO air quality recommendations. Ambient PM2.5 pollution is responsible for 16.20% and 22.77% of all-cause mortality among adults in Tuzla and Lukavac, respectively. Our data show that life expectancy could increase by 2.1 and 2.4 years for those cities. In the pollution hotspots, in reality, there is a wide gap in what is observed and the implementation of the legally binding air quality limit values and, thus, adverse health effects. Considerable health gains and life expectancy are possible if legal or health scenarios in polluted cities were achieved. This estimate might be useful in providing additional health burden evidence as a key component for a clean air policy and action plans.

Microcystin class of toxins: health effects and safety of drinking water supplies

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Lambert ◽  
C. F. B. Holmes ◽  
S. E. Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Tumor Promoter ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water

The microcystins are produced by several species of common planktonic cyanobacteria found in surface waters, but their biological function remains unknown. The microcystins have been shown to be extremely potent hepatotoxins in a variety of experimental animals and they are lethal at low doses. Microcystin-LR, one of over 40 microcystin analogues, has also been shown to be a potent tumor promoter. The toxic effects of the microcystins have been attributed to the inhibition of protein phosphatases. This inhibition causes collapse of the cytoskeleton and interferes with a general signal transduction mechanism in cells. The presence of toxic cyanobacteria in surface water has been documented in all parts of the world. The microcystins have been related to a few incidents of human illness and several incidents of animal poisoning in Canada, United States, Australia, Europe, and Africa. Therefore, exposure to the microcystins is a potentially significant health risk and toxin removal from drinking water is becoming a concern worldwide. Conventional water treatment processes (coagulation/sedimentation, chlorination) have generally proven ineffective at removing microcystin toxins from drinking water. Activated carbon, ozone, and free chlorine have been effective in removing microcystins below detectable concentrations in laboratory experiments. Considering these factors, the occurrence of microcystins in drinking water supplies deserves serious attention to insure that adverse health effects are prevented.Key words: microcystins, hepatotoxins, cyanobacteria, blue-green algae, water treatment, health risk.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zielinska ◽  
Hamulka
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Air pollution is a major social, economic, and health problem around the world. Children are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution due to their immaturity and excessive growth and development. The aims of this narrative review were to: (1) summarize evidence about the protective effects of breastfeeding on the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure, (2) define and describe the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of breastfeeding, and (3) examine the potential effects of air pollution on breastmilk composition and lactation. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Existing evidence suggests that breastfeeding has a protective effect on adverse outcomes of indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure in respiratory (infections, lung function, asthma symptoms) and immune (allergic, nervous and cardiovascular) systems, as well as under-five mortality in both developing and developed countries. However, some studies reported no protective effect of breastfeeding or even negative effects of breastfeeding for under-five mortality. Several possible mechanisms of the breastfeeding protective effect were proposed, including the beneficial influence of breastfeeding on immune, respiratory, and nervous systems, which are related to the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties of breastmilk. Breastmilk components responsible for its protective effect against air pollutants exposure may be long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, immunoglobins, and cytokines, some of which have concentrations that are diet-dependent. However, maternal exposure to air pollution is related to increased breastmilk concentrations of pollutants (e.g., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals in particulate matter (PM)). Nonetheless, environmental studies have confirmed that breastmilk’s protective effects outweigh its potential health risk to the infant. Mothers should be encouraged and supported to breastfeed their infants due to its unique health benefits, as well as its limited ecological footprint, which is associated with decreased waste production and the emission of pollutants.

scholarly journals Air Pollution as a Cause of Obesity: Micro-Level Evidence from Chinese Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Yang ◽  
Qianhao Song ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yunquan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Chinese air pollution is obviously increasing, and the government makes efforts to strengthen air pollution treatment. Although adverse health effects gradually emerge, research determining individual vulnerability is limited. This study estimated the relationship between air pollution and obesity. Individual information of 13,414 respondents from 125 cities is used in the analysis. This study employs ordinary least squares (OLS) and multinomial logit model (m-logit) to estimate the impact of air pollution on obesity. We choose different air pollution and Body Mass Index (BMI) indicators for estimation. Empirical results show Air Quality Index (AQI) is significantly positively associated with the BMI score. As AQI adds one unit, the BMI score increases 0.031 (SE = 0.002; p < 0.001). The influence coefficients of particle size smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particle size smaller than 10 μm (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) to the BMI score are 0.034 (SE = 0.002; p < 0.001), 0.023 (SE = 0.001; p < 0.001), 0.52 (SE = 0.095; p < 0.001), 0.045 (SE = 0.004; p < 0.001), 0.021 (SE = 0.002; p < 0.001), 0.008 (SE = 0.003; p = 0.015), respectively. Generally, air pollution has an adverse effect on body weight. CO is the most influential pollutant, and female, middle-aged, and low-education populations are more severely affected. The results confirm that the adverse health effects of air pollution should be considered when making the air pollution policies. Findings also provide justification for health interventions, especially for people with obesity.

Impact of improved cookstoves on indoor air pollution and adverse health effects among Honduran women

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie L. Clark ◽  
Jennifer L. Peel ◽  
James B. Burch ◽  
Tracy L. Nelson ◽  
Matthew M. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

Indoor Air Pollution and Adverse Health Effects Among Honduran Women

Epidemiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S351-S352
Author(s):  
M L. Clark ◽  
J L. Peel ◽  
T L. Nelson ◽  
J R. Stevens ◽  
S Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Boiling and Filtering Devices on the Concentration of Disinfection By-Products in Tap Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glòria Carrasco-Turigas ◽  
Cristina M. Villanueva ◽  
Fernando Goñi ◽  
Panu Rantakokko ◽  
Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
By Products

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are ubiquitous contaminants in tap drinking water with the potential to produce adverse health effects. Filtering and boiling tap water can lead to changes in the DBP concentrations and modify the exposure through ingestion. Changes in the concentration of 4 individual trihalomethanes (THM4) (chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM)), MX, and bromate were tested when boiling and filtering high bromine-containing tap water from Barcelona. For filtering, we used a pitcher-type filter and a household reverse osmosis filter; for boiling, an electric kettle, a saucepan, and a microwave were used. Samples were taken before and after each treatment to determine the change in the DBP concentration. pH, conductivity, and free/total chlorine were also measured. A large decrease of THM4 (from 48% to 97%) and MX concentrations was observed for all experiments. Bromine-containing trihalomethanes were mostly eliminated when filtering while chloroform when boiling. There was a large decrease in the concentration of bromate with reverse osmosis, but there was a little effect in the other experiments. These findings suggest that the exposure to THM4 and MX through ingestion is reduced when using these household appliances, while the decrease of bromate is device dependent. This needs to be considered in the exposure assessment of the epidemiological studies.

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