scholarly journals Strategic Feeding Alternating a 2-months’ Feeding Restriction and a Short Boost of the Feeding Level Increases Conception Rate in Sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Narjess Lassoued ◽  
Mourad Rekik ◽  
Imene Ben Salem ◽  
Mariem Rouatbi
Keyword(s):  
Food Restriction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Strategic Feeding ◽  
High Treatment

<p class="1Body">This study aimed to investigate if feeding patterns prior to and after artificial insemination (AI) affect the reproductive performances of ewes. Two breeds were used; the Barbarine (n = 133) and Queue Fine de l’Ouest (QFO; n = 129). For each breed, 2 experimental groups balanced for age and live weight were formed. For 75 days before AI, ewes in treatment High daily grazed for 6 hours and were supplemented with 0.6 kg of concentrate. For those in treatment Low-High, grazing was restricted to 3 hours only. From 21 days before insemination and the following 20 days, feeding pattern for Low-High ewes was switched to the High feeding regime. Changes in live weight and ovarian activity were monitored; conception rate and litter size were recorded. At the end of the restriction period and for both breeds, Low-High ewes reached lower live weights than High ewes (p &lt; 0.05). Prior to AI and for both breeds, Low-High ewes weighed less than those in the High treatment group but no statistical differences were observed. At the end of the restriction period, more QFO ewes were cycling than for the Barbarine breed (75/129 vs. 55/133; p &lt; 0.01). Further, less QFO ewes in the Low-High treatment were cycling than High ewes (30/65 vs. 45/64; p &lt; 0.01). More QFO ewes conceived to AI than Barbarine counterparts (77/112 vs. 73/130; p &lt; 0.05). For both breeds, higher proportions of ewes in the Low-High treatment groups conceived to AI but differences reached statistical significance only for Barbarine breed. Following a food-restriction period between weaning and mating, improved conception rates are achieved if the plane of nutrition is increased few weeks prior to and after AI in comparison to a continuous increase in live weight during the same period.</p>

scholarly journals Cefacetrile and Rifaximin association might improve first service conception rate and reduce the number of services per conception in cows with clinical endometritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Boudelal ◽  
Mounir Adnane ◽  
Abdelatif Niar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Clinical Cure Rate ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
The Difference

Clinical endometritis (CE) is a serious disease leading to poor reproductive performances in lactating dairy cows, thus diminishing farm profitability. To preserve optimum reproductive efficiency, various strategies and therapeutic approaches have been proposed to manage cows with CE, often with contradictory results. Thus, investigating new paths to CE treatment is economically important. The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of three therapeutic protocols on the clinical cure rate of CE, and improvement of reproductive performance. Cows with CE (n=42), 21–38 days in milk (DIM), were assigned to three treatment groups: PGF: cows (n=19) were treated systemically with two doses of d-cloprostenol, a PGF2α analogue, at 14-days intervals; CEFAX: cows (n=10) received an intrauterine infusion of the combined antibiotics Cefacetrile and Rifaximin; and NAX: cows (n=13) received systemic treatment with Ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA). A control group included cows (n=36) free from CE (healthy group: HE). All cows were clinically re-examined after the end of the treatment protocol. The clinical cure rate was 73.7%, 80% and 69.2% in PGF, CEFAX, and NAX groups, respectively (P&gt;0.05). The HE group had a significantly shorter calving to first service interval compared to CEFAX and PGF groups (P&lt;0.05), however the difference was not significant with NAX group. The mean calving to fertilizing service interval (CFI) was slightly higher in all three treatment groups compared to the HE group, however the difference was not significant (P&gt;0.05). CEFAX protocol resulted in shorter but not statistically significant CFI, compared to the PGF and NAX protocols. Services per conception rate were slightly lower (1.7) in the CEFAX group compared to HE (1.75), PGF (1.84) and NAX (2.23) groups, however these differences were not significant. First service conception rate and conception rate at 105 DIM did not differ statistically between the treatment groups. While the difference was not significant, CEFAX protocol had slightly better cure rate for CE, reducing the number of services per conception and boosting the resumption of ovarian activity after calving. Validating these finding on a larger herd size will improve the accuracy of these findings.

Efficacy of Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus Protocol for Improvement of Fertility in Postpartum Sahiwal Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lakher ◽  
M. K. Awasthi ◽  
J. R. Khan ◽  
M. R. Poyam
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
And Control

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Ovsynch and Ovsynch plus protocol in postpartum (day 60) Sahiwal cows (n=18). Animals were randomly divided into three equal groups, viz., Ovsynch group Ovsynch plus group and Control group. Animals of group I (n = 6) were treated with traditional Ovsynch protocol. The animals (n = 6) of group II were treated with Ovsynch plus protocol which consisted of an initial intramuscular injection of eCG (Folligon) @ 250 IU on day 60 postpartum followed 3 days later by GPG (Ovsynch) protocol. In group-III Control, no treatment was given to animals (n = 6). Treated animals were inseminated at a fixed time between 14 and 20 hrs after second GnRH injection, irrespective of estrus detection. Blood samples were collected from each animal on days 50 and 60 postpartum to determine the status of cyclicity in animals based on serum concentrations of progesterone (P4). A third blood sample was collected on the day of prostaglandin treatment to determine the response of first GnRH injection. Four animals each were cyclic, and two were acyclic in both treatment groups. Four animals each responded to first GnRH treatment in both treatment groups. Similarly, two animals each got conceived giving conception rate of 50% (2/4) in each treatment. In the control group, one out of 6 animals got conceived yielding 16.66 % conception rate (1/6) during the study period. It may be thus concluded that Ovsynch and Ovsynch plus protocol may be used during the early postpartum period to improve the reproductive efficiency in postpartum Sahiwal cows.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil in a Pediatric Population with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phase 3 randomized, Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 204589402110249
Author(s):  
David D Ivy ◽  
Damien Bonnet ◽  
Rolf MF Berger ◽  
Gisela Meyer ◽  
Simin Baygani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Statistical Significance Testing ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tadalafil in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods: This phase-3, international, randomized, multicenter (24 weeks double-blind placebo controlled period; 2-year, open-labelled extension period), add-on (patient’s current endothelin receptor antagonist therapy) study included pediatric patients aged <18 years with PAH. Patients received tadalafil 20 mg or 40 mg based on their weight (Heavy-weight: ≥40 kg; Middle-weight: ≥25—<40 kg) or placebo orally QD for 24 weeks. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in 6-minute walk (6MW) distance in patients aged ≥6 years at Week 24. Sample size was amended from 134 to ≥34 patients, due to serious recruitment challenges. Therefore, statistical significance testing was not performed between treatment groups. Results: Patient demographics and baseline characteristics (N=35; tadalafil=17; placebo=18) were comparable between treatment groups; median age was 14.2 years (6.2 to 17.9 years) and majority (71.4%, n=25) of patients were in HW cohort. Least square mean (SE) changes from baseline in 6MW distance at Week 24 was numerically greater with tadalafil versus placebo (60.48 [20.41] vs 36.60 [20.78] meters; placebo-adjusted mean difference [SD] 23.88 [29.11]). Safety of tadalafil treatment was as expected without any new safety concerns. During study period 1, two patients (1 in each group) discontinued due to investigator’s reported clinical worsening, and no deaths were reported. Conclusions: The statistical significance testing was not performed between the treatment groups due to low sample size, however, the study results show positive trend in improvement in non invasive measurements, commonly utilized by clinicians to evaluate the disease status for children with PAH. Safety of tadalafil treatment was as expected without any new safety signals.

scholarly journals Effect of genotype, age of hens and K/k allele on eggshell quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ledvinka ◽  
L. Zita ◽  
M. Hubený ◽  
E. Tůmová ◽  
M. Tyller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Feather Growth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship

We assessed the influence of the particular genotype, age of layers, feather growth-rate gene, and their mutual interactions on selected indicators of eggshell quality in six groups of hens of the laying type Dominant. The following genotypes were examined in the experiment: Barred Plymouth Rock, Dominant BPR 951 (K) strain, slow-feathering; Barred Plymouth Rock, Dominant BPR 901 (k) strain, fast-feathering; Blue Plymouth Rock, Dominant BLPR 954 (K) strain, slow-feathering; Blue Plymouth Rock, Dominant BLPR 894 (k) strain, fast-feathering; crossbreds of the above strains in the F<sub>1</sub> generation Dominant D 107 blue (K), slow-feathering and Dominant D 107 blue (k), fast-feathering. The layers were fed a feed mixture NP1 (16.64 % CP) from the 20<sup>th</sup> week of age and a feed mixture NP2 (15.02% CP) from the 42<sup>nd</sup> week. Husbandry conditions met the regular requirements of laying hens. Egg production and live weight of hens were monitored for the duration of the experiment (12 months). Eggshell quality was examined at the layers' age of 27, 35 and 56 weeks. The average hen-day egg production for the duration of the experiment (12 months) was not significantly influenced by the particular genotype or the feather growth-rate gene. The varying representation of the feather growth-rate gene significantly (P &le; 0.001) influenced the live weight; similarly, the relationship between the genotype and the representation of K/k alleles was significant. The average egg weight was influenced statistically significantly (P &le; 0.001) by the age of hens, their genotype (P &le; 0.05), feather growth-rate gene (P &le; 0.001), and the relationship between the age and genotype (P &le; 0.001). The age of hens, genotype, and the interaction of these two factors affected the egg shape index, as did the incidence of the feather growth-rate gene within the population (with a statistical significance of P &le; 0.001). The age, genotype and the feather growth-rate gene incidence within the population also significantly affected the eggshell quality indicators. In the eggshell to egg ratio, eggshell thickness and strength, an interaction was determined between the age of hens and their particular genotype. The eggshell colour was also significantly (P &le; 0.001) affected by hens' age, genotype (P &le; 0.001), as well as by the feather growth-rate gene (P &le; 0.001). No significant interaction between the age and the genotype was found for this indicator.

Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 2. Differing nutrient density at a constant energy: protein ratio

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
M. E. Cundy ◽  
R. Cooke ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYForty-eight gilts by Landrace sires on Large White × Landrace females were randomly allocated to eight pens and within pens to six treatment groups involving three diets and two levels of feeding from 23 to 59 kg live weight. All diets were formulated to have approximately the same ratio of digestible energy to crude protein (160 kcal DE/unit % CP) but different energy and protein concentrations: (A) 3500 kcal/kg DE and 21 % CP, (B) 3150 kcal/kg DE and 19% CP, and (C) 2800 kcal/kg DE and 17% CP. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. The levels of feeding were such that the lower level of diet A allowed an intake of energy and protein similar to the higher level of diet B, and the lower level of B was similar to the higher level of C.On the lower level of feeding, growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and carcass fat content increased linearly with each increment in nutrient concentration; on the higher level of feeding growth rate and EFC increased from diet C to B but not from B to A, whereas carcass fat content increased linearly with diet from the lowest to the highest concentration. There was a non-significant tendency for the higher density diets at a similar level of nutrient intake to give better EFC and fatter carcasses than the lower density diets.

Evaluation of intrauterine insemination of sheep with frozen semen: effects of time of insemination and semen dose on conception rates

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. F. Findlater ◽  
W. Haresign ◽  
R. M. Curnock ◽  
N. F. G. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Laparoscopic Technique ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin

ABSTRACTThe field application of a laparoscopic technique to permit intra-uterine insemination of ewes with frozen-thawed semen was examined in two trials, conducted over successive years, to (i) determine the optimum time of insemination relative to sponge removal/pregnant mares's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) injection and (ii) establish the relationship between semen dose and conception rate. Pooled semen was used in both trials, and each involved > 900 ewes in a number of commercial flocks.Maximum conception rates were achieved when insemination was conducted between 54 h and 60 h after sponge removal/ PMSG injection. However, there was no significant difference in conception rate when motile sperm numbers were reduced from 52·2 × 106to 13·0 × 106 motile sperm per uterine horn.The overall conception rates (pooled over flocks and treatment groups) were 56% and 58% for the two trials, with a wide degree of variation between flocks in both cases (45% to 79% for trial 1 and 45% to 69% for trial 2). However, there was evidence for consistent differences in conception rates between the six flocks involved in both years of the trials.

Levels of first winter feeding in relation to performance of Cheviot hill ewes

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Total Treatment ◽  
North And South ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Winter Feeding

1. Over 3 years, different levels of first winter nutrition created the following live-weight differences between groups of North and South Country Cheviot ewe hoggs at 12 months of age. High plane (H.P.) and mid-plane (M.P.) fed groups born 1956 were 34–35% and 11–13% heavier, respectively, than low plane (L.P.) fed groups, H.P. and M.P. fed groups born 1957 were 47–57% and 18–24% heavier, respectively, than hill-wintered groups. Away wintered groups born 1958 were 9–12% heavier than hill-wintered groups. All group differences were highly significant.2. From 12 months onwards all groups were run together on the same hill and received similar management. Live weight and live measurement response of the total treatment groups and of the heavy and light hoggs within the groups prior to treatment were studied over the summer after treatment from 12 to 18 months.

scholarly journals Cold atmospheric plasma coupled with air abrasion in liquid medium for the treatment of peri-implantitis model grown with a complex human biofilm: an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Lai Hui ◽  
Vittoria Perrotti ◽  
Adriano Piattelli ◽  
Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov ◽  
Zhi Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Surface Decontamination

Abstract Objective Treatment of implants with peri-implantitis is often unsuccessful due to residual microbial biofilm hindering re-osseointegration. The aim of this study was to treat biofilm-grown titanium (Ti) implants with different modalities involving air abrasion (AA) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to compare the effectiveness in surface decontamination and the alteration/preservation of surface topography. Materials and methods Saliva collected from a peri-implantitis patient was used to in vitro develop human biofilm over 35 implants with moderately rough surface. The implants were then mounted onto standardized acrylic blocks simulating peri-implantitis defects and treated with AA (erythritol powder), CAP in a liquid medium, or a combination (COM) of both modalities. The remaining biofilm was measured by crystal violet (CV). Surface features and roughness before and after treatment were assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Results In the present peri-implantitis model, the human complex biofilm growth was successful as indicated by the statistical significance between the negative and positive controls. All the treatment groups resulted in a remarkable implant surface decontamination, with values very close to the negative control for AA and COM. Indeed, statistically significant differences in the comparison between the positive control vs. all the treatment groups were found. SEM analysis showed no post-treatment alterations on the implant surface in all the groups. Conclusions Decontamination with AA delivering erythritol with or without CAP in liquid medium demonstrated compelling efficacy in the removal of biofilm from implants. All the tested treatments did not cause qualitative alterations to the Ti surface features. No specific effects of the CAP were observed, although further studies are necessary to assess its potential as monotherapy with different settings or in combination with other decontamination procedures. Clinical relevance CAP is a promising option in the treatment of peri-implantitis because it has potential to improve the elimination of bacterial plaque from implant surfaces, in inaccessible pockets or during open-flap debridement, and should stimulate the process of the re-osseointegration of affected dental implants by not altering surface features and roughness.

Supplementary feeding of dairy cows on continuously stocked pasture

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jennings ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Stocking Rates

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted with milking cows on continuously stocked perennial ryegrass pastures. In each a control group, T0, received 1 kg/day of a concentrate supplement and treatment groups T1 and T2 received 4 kg (Expt 1) or 5 kg/day (Expt 2) of a low quality T1 or a high quality T2 concentrate. In Expt 1 treatments were applied continuously for 14 weeks to a total of 30 cows. In Expt 2 a Latin square design for 9 weeks was conducted with 18 cows. The stocking rate of the pasture declined from 9·6 to 5·1 cows per ha (mean 6·7 cows/ha) from May to August (Expt 1) and was maintained at 3 cows/ha in August-October (Expt 2).Supplements increased total intakes by 0·92 and 0·77 kg organic matter (OM)/kg OM supplied in the concentrates respectively for Expts 1 and 2. Milk yields increased by 0·6 and 0·5 kg/kg concentrate supplied and supplemented cows showed small increases in live weight. Differences in lactation milk yield just approached significance. Grazing times were only slightly reduced by supplements and bite sizes were lower than normal. There was no important difference in animal performance between the two concentrates. The total output from the pasture was 19·6t milk and 115 GJ of utilized metabolizable energy per hectare.Reasons for the high supplementary effect of the concentrates and its implications for stocking rates are discussed.

Effect of feeding level during rearing and mating strategy on performance of Swedish Yorkshire sows. 1. Growth, puberty and conception rate

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Le Cozier ◽  
E. Ringmar-Cederberg ◽  
S. Johansen ◽  
J. Y. Dourmad ◽  
M. Neil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

AbstractFrom 74 to 180 days of age, a complete diet was offered either ad libitum (AL) or at proportionately 0·8 of the observed consumption (R) to two groups of purebred Yorkshire gilts, comprising 128 and 127 animals, respectively. Half of the animals in each group was served at the first detected oestrus, and the other half at the third detected oestrus, according to a plan defined at the start of the experiment. Animals which failed to show oestrus before 240 days of age were culled.At 100 kg live weight (LW), AL gilts were younger (-20 days) and had thicker backfat (+2.3 mm) than R gilts. At the first detected oestrus, AL females were also younger (198 v. 203 days), heavier (127 v. 117 kg LW) and fatter (17·8 v. 14·7 mm backfat thickness) than R gilts. No difference between feeding treatments during rearing was observed in the percentage of females detected on heat before day 240. Seventy-three animals were culled from the start of the experiment until service, half of them (54%) failing to show oestrus. At service, LW and backfat thickness in the four treatments ranged from 117 to 148 kg LW and 14·9 to 19·7 mm, respectively. The body fatness, estimated from the ratio of backfat to LW, was higher in AL than in R gilts (0·14 and 0·12 , respectively), whereas no difference was observed between E1 and E3 gilts (0·13 on average). After the first service 15% of the gilts came back into heat but the conception rate was not affected by feeding treatment during rearing.

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