Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Quinoa Seedlings Under Water and Salt Stress

Excessive amounts of salts and soil water deficiency interfere on seed germination and the full development of several crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of water stress and salinity on the germination process and initial growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seedlings. In the first experiment, two quinoa seed lots with different physiological conditions were distributed on paper soaked in aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol PEG-6000 in osmotic potentials corresponding to 0.0; -0.1; -0.2; -0.3 and -0.4 MPa and held at 20 °C under 8 hours of light exposition. In the second experiment, solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) were used to simulate the effect of salinity using the osmotic potentials, temperature and light conditions previously described. Assessed parameters were the germination percentage, first count, length and dry mass of seedlings. There was a reduction in quinoa germination percentage, first seed count and seedling length as the osmotic potential decreased in CaCl2, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and PEG-6000 solutions. The quinoa seeds exhibited higher tolerance to NaCl and KCl salts in the germination process and initial seedling growth. The progressive reduction of the osmotic potential induced by salts NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and PEG-6000 negatively affects seed germination and initial growth of quinoa seedlings.

Download Full-text

Mobilization of reserves and germination of seeds of Erythrina velutina Willd. (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae) under different osmotic potentials

Revista Brasileira de Sementes ◽

10.1590/s0101-31222012000400008 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 580-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Renata Conduru Ribeiro Reis ◽

Bárbara França Dantas ◽

Claudinéia Regina Pelacani

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Uniformity Coefficient ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Germination Process ◽

Mean Time ◽

Osmotic Potentials

Some environmental factors, including water availability, may influence seed germination. This study investigated the germination of E. velutina seeds submitted to different osmotic potentials and mobilization of reserves during water-stress. Scarified seeds were arranged in paper rolls and soaked in solutions of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) prepared in osmotic potentials 0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -0.8 MPa and kept into a seed germinator, at 25 °C, and 12/12 h photoperiod (L/D), during 10 days. The percentage, mean time, mean speed, germination speed index; as well as the germination uniformity coefficient were assessed. During germination process the total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, soluble protein, and total amino acids were quantified in the cotyledon, hypocotyl and radicle of soaked seeds and cotyledons of quiescent seeds (control). There was influence of osmotic potential on E. velutina seed germination. The germination percentage remained at high levels until -0.6 MPa and above this osmotic potential there has been no germination. The mobilization of stored reserves of carbon and nitrogen in E. velutina seeds was also influenced by water-stress. There was sensitiveness between -0.2 and -0.6 MPa; however, the degradation and the mobilization of reserves was slower when the osmotic potential decreased.

Download Full-text

Influence of priming on Eucalyptus spp seeds' tolerance to salt stress

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v38n4165060 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 329-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anderson Cleiton José ◽

Natália Cristina Nogueira Silva ◽

José Marcio Rocha Faria ◽

Wilson Vicente Souza Pereira

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Water Potential ◽

Salt Solution ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Osmotic Potentials

Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of priming on the germination of Eucalyptus urophylla and of hybrid E. urophylla × E. grandis seeds under salt stress. Two osmotic potentials (-1.0 and -1.5 MPa) were tested, using PEG 6000 for 1 and 3 days. After priming, seeds were germinated under salt stress in a NaCl solution at 0.0 (control), -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa potentials, at 25 °C. Seed germination and germination speed index decreased as the water potential of the germination medium decreased. However, E. urophylla was more tolerant to salt stress; it showed a higher germination percentage under all tested potentials, when compared to the hybrid. The osmotic conditioning at -1.0 MPa for three days was more effective when E. urophylla x E. grandis was germinated in a salt solution at -1.0 MPa, indicating that this treatment was more effective in inducing tolerance to salt stress.

Download Full-text

Effects of water deficit and pH on seed germination and seedling development in Cereus jamacaru

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n4p1379 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1379 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thiago Alberto Ortiz ◽

Mariana Ragassi Urbano ◽

Lúcia Sadayo Assari Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Normal Seedling ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Species Adaptability ◽

Binomial Models

The lack of water and soil acidity are current problems occurring in many regions around the globe. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the effects of seed germination and seedling development, in order to determine the species adaptability to the ever-changing environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of water deficit and pH on seed germination and seedling development in Cereus jamacaru. A completely randomized experiment was performed. A factorial scheme of 6 × 7, corresponding to six osmotic potential values (0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, and -1.0 MPa) induced by PEG 6000, and seven pH levels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) with four replications was used. The variables analyzed were germination (G), germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), normal seedling (NS), root length (RL), shoot length (ShL), seedling length (SL), and seedling dry mass (SDM). The statistical analysis included ANOVA and binomial models (G and NS), regression models with quadratic terms (GSI and MGT), and response surface method (ShL and SL) for the variables with at least one significant factor (p < 0.05). C. jamacaru showed susceptibility to water deficit at seed germination and seedling development stages, indicated by the decreases in G, GSI, NS, ShL, and SL at osmotic potential below to 0.0 MPa. The pH interaction with osmotic potential affected C. jamacaru seedling development. The increase in pH was favorable for seedling development, but not for seed germination.

Download Full-text

POTENCIAIS HÍDRICOS E TEORES DE ÁGUA NA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MILHETO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/rbms.v15i3.781 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 619

Author(s):

TATHIANA ELISA MASETTO ◽

ELISÂNGELA LEITE VARGAS ◽

SILVANA DE PAULA QUINTÃO SCALON

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Water Content ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Water Potentials ◽

Randomized Design

RESUMO – O processo germinativo se inicia com a absorção de água pelas sementes e é influenciado peladisponibilidade hídrica e pelo teor de água das sementes. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes potenciais hídricose de teores de água das sementes na germinação e crescimento de plântulas de milheto. Foram utilizadas sementes comteores de água de 14,1%; 16,1%; 20,8% e 21,9% posicionadas em caixas plásticas do tipo “gerbox” sobre duas folhasde papel toalha para germinação previamente umedecidas com 10 mL de soluções de polietilenoglicol (PEG 6000) nospotenciais hídricos de 0,0; -0,1; -0,2; -0,3; -0,4 e -0,6 MPa. As sementes foram mantidas em câmara de germinação a25 °C sob luz branca constante. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x 5, utilizando-se quatro repetições de 50 sementes cada. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto à primeira contagem,germinação, comprimento da raiz, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento total, massa fresca e seca de plântulas.A redução dos potenciais hídricos associada aos teores de água das sementes afeta negativamente a germinação e ocrescimento das plântulas de milheto, principalmente em sementes com o teor de água de 14,1%. As sementes com osteores de água acima de 16,1% são menos suscetíveis à redução das disponibilidades hídricas do substrato a partir dopotencial de -0,1 MPa.Palavras-chave: Pennisetum glaucum, polietilenoglicol, teor de água de sementes.WATER POTENTIAL AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON SEED GERMINATION AND INITIAL GROWTH OF PEARL MILLETABSTRACT – The germination process starts with water absorption by seeds and is influenced by the water availabilityand seeds moisture content. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of different substrate water potentials and the watercontents of the seeds on seed germination of pearl millet. The treatments comprised pearl millet seeds with 14.1%,16.1%, 20.8% and 21.9% moisture content and submitted to the water availability in the substrate of 0.0 (control); -0.1;-0.2; -0.3; -0.4 and -0.6 MPa. Seeds were sowed in two germination papers and positioned inside plastic boxes of the“gerbox” type and maintained at 25ºC. A completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 4 x 5 was used, with fourreplications of 50 seeds per treatment. The seeds were evaluated through the first counting, germination percentage,aerial part, root length, total length and fresh and dry mass of seedlings. The reduction of the water potentials associatedto the seed water contents affected negatively the seeds germination and seedlings growth of pearl millet, especially inseeds with 14.1% water content. The seeds with water content above 16.1% were less sensitive to the decrease in thewater availability of the substrate from -0.1 MPa.Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum, polyethylene glycol, seeds water content.

Download Full-text

Pre-germination treatments of Paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum) seeds

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n4a2020-41791 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Estefânia Martins Bardiviesso ◽

Thiago Barbosa Batista ◽

Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binotti ◽

Edilson Costa ◽

Tiago Alexandre da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Control Water

Paricá seeds have dormancy and, even after mechanical scarification, these seeds show slow and uneven germination. Pre-germination treatments can be used to increase seed germination performance. Thus, the aimed to evaluate the physiological potential and initial growth of paricá seeds after pre-germination treatments, using different substances as plant regulators and nutrients, in addition to mechanical scarification. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2x7 factorial scheme, consisting of the following pre-germination treatments: mechanical scarification (10% and 50% of the seed coat) and seed pre-soaking [control-water, KNO3 0.2%, Ca(NO3)2 0.2%, gibberellin 0.02%, cytokinin 0.02%, and mixture of gibberellin + cytokinin (1:1)] besides a control group without pre-soaking, with four replicates. The study evaluated germination and emergence rates, germination and emergence speed indices, collar diameter, plant height, seedling dry mass, hypocotyl and seedling length, and electrical conductivity. It was observed that pre-soaking the seeds in gibberellin after mechanical scarification at 50% as a pre-germination treatment resulted in seeds with higher vigor expression and greater initial seedling growth.

Download Full-text

DISCONTINUOUS HYDRATION ON THE GERMINATION OF Mimosa caesalpiniifolia AND Pityrocarpa moniliformis SEEDS UNDER WATER STRESS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252020v33n228rc ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 555-561

Author(s):

JOSEFA PATRÍCIA BALDUINO NICOLAU ◽

FRANCISCO EUDES DA SILVA ◽

FRANCIVAL CARDOSO FELIX ◽

SALVADOR BARROS TORRES ◽

MAURO VASCONCELOS PACHECO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Germination Time ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Severe Water Stress ◽

Germination Speed ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Osmotic Potentials

ABSTRACT The use of discontinuous hydration cycles can act in improving seed germination and seedling initial growth under water stress. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of discontinuous hydration on the germination of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia and Pityrocarpa moniliformis seeds under water stress. For this, seeds of these species were subjected to 0 (without hydration), 2 and 4 hydration cycles (18 h) and dehydration (12 and 18 h, respectively), with subsequent germination under water stress simulated for osmotic potentials of 0.0 (distilled water), -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa. Seedlings were evaluated using tests of germination, germination speed index, mean germination time and seedling length. Discontinuous hydration in M. caesalpiniifolia and P. moniliformis seeds hampers germination and vigor of seedlings under water stress up to -0.6 MPa. However, the use of two cycles in P. moniliformis favors germination under more severe water stress (-0.8 MPa).

Download Full-text

Seed germination and antioxidant enzyme activity in seedlings of diploid and tetraploid bahiagrass under water restriction

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20190382 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Streck Bortolin ◽

Alfredo José Salinas-Arcienega ◽

Yutcelia Carolina Galviz-Fajardo ◽

Luciano do Amarante ◽

Carlos Eduardo da Silva Pedroso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Early Growth ◽

Paspalum Notatum ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Germination Test ◽

Growth Activity ◽

Higher Temperature

ABSTRACT: The objective of the following research was to investigate the physiological responses of two bahiagrass genotypes (Paspalum notatum Flügge) submitted to water restriction, induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000), during seed germination. Seeds of cv. Pensacola (diploid) and Bagual ecotype (tetraploid) were placed on paper moistened with osmotic solutions at potentials of 0.0; -0.1; -0.2 and -0.3 MPa. Composed of two subsamples of 100 seeds and four experimental units per treatment, the germination test was conducted in a germination chamber under alternating temperatures of 30 °C (8 hours) and 20 °C (16 hours), with presence of light during the higher temperature. Final germination percentage and germination speed index of the seeds, as well as early growth, activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes of seedlings were evaluated. The water restriction induced by PEG6000 reduced the percentage of germination in Pensacola (from 74% to 59%) and Bagual (34% to 10%). For the latter, the evaluation of seedlings showed higher dry mass in relation to cv. Pensacola (1.7 times higher in root and 1.6 times in shoot). In response to moderate water restriction, the genotypes showed increases in root growth (1.7 times higher in -0.1 compared to 0.0 MPa), both in expression and enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase).

Download Full-text

Effect of heavy metal stress on emerging plants community constructions in wetland

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.496 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

pp. 2459-2466 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Han Peng ◽

Wu Geng ◽

Wu Yong-quan ◽

Li Mao-teng ◽

Xiang Jun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Heavy Metal Stress ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Percentage Germination ◽

Wetland Ecosystem ◽

Ecological Thresholds ◽

Hongze Lake ◽

Seedling Length

In this paper, we report the effects of heavy metals (HMs) (cadmium and mercury) on seed germination and seedling growth of Phragmites australis and Triarrhena sacchariflora, which are the two main typical emerging plants in Hongze Lake wetland. The results showed that there was a reduction in germination percentage, germination index and seedling length as HM concentration in the growing media increased for both treatments. The effect of HMs toxicity on seed germination and seedling growth of T. sacchariflora was more obvious than of P. australis. At the stage of seed germination, P. australis and T. sacchariflora were sensitive to Hg2 + and Cd2 + , respectively, and Hg2 + was more toxic than Cd2 + at the stage of seedling growth. The effect of HMs toxicity is not invariable during plant growth. Compared to the stage of seedling growth, P. australis and T. sacchariflora are more susceptible to HMs at the stage of seed germination. In addition, we calculated the ecological thresholds of P. australis to Cd and Hg are 19.32 and 1.08 mg kg−1, and that of T. sacchariflora to Cd is 4.62 mg kg−1 based on the lab simulation. The results also indicated that the species of P. australis is more tolerant than T. sacchariflora to the HMs and is a better candidate for restoration in Hongze Lake wetland ecosystem.

Download Full-text

Temperatures and substrates for germination and vigor of Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman seeds

Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascibiolsci.v41i1.46030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. e46030

Author(s):

João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro ◽

Arliston Pereira Leite ◽

Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽

Edna Ursulino Alves ◽

Riselane de Lucena Alcântara Bruno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Understory Plant

Erythroxylum pauferrense is an endemic understory plant species of the Northeast Region of Brazil. The species is of great importance to the region and so ecophysiological studies are needed for its preservation. The objective of the present study was to determine the best substrates and temperatures for testing germination and seed vigor of E. pauferrense. An experiment was performed comprising a completely randomized design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with five temperature regimes (20, 25, 30, 35°C constant and 20-30°C alternating) and four types of substrates (paper, vermiculite, sand and commercial substrate). The following characteristics were evaluated: germination percentage, first germination count, germination speed index, mean germination time, seedling length and dry mass (root and shoot). Paper and vermiculite substrates combined with constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and alternated between 20-30°C, provide greater seed germination and vigor while 35°C reduces seed physiological quality.

Download Full-text

Moisture Stress and Hydration-Dehydration Effects on Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) Seed Germination

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500061087 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 487-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Robert D. Williams

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Moisture Uptake ◽

Sesbania Exaltata ◽

Hemp Sesbania ◽

Number Of Cycles

Increased osmotic potential from 0 to −14 bars decreased the moisture uptake and germination of mechanically scarified hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory] seed. Germination percentage for osmotic potential of 0, −2, −4, −6, and −8 bars was 86%, 86%, 70%, 19%, and 1%, respectively. This response to moisture stress was modified by imbibition, or hydration-dehydration, of the seed prior to the moisture stress. Imbibing the seed for as little as 2 h significantly increased its subsequent germination against moisture stress. One hydration-dehydration cycle had little or no effect on germination, but as the number of cycles increased, the germination percentage decreased. Prolonged hydration of 3 and 7 days followed by dehydration greatly reduced subsequent seed germination.

Download Full-text