Proximate and Mineral Nutrition of Common Bean Genotypes as Influenced by Harvesting Time

Common bean is the most consumed legume by humans and hence significant for global food security and nutritive value mainly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of harvesting time and genotypes on proximate and mineral composition of common bean. Two field experiments were carried out in Sebele (24o33′S, 25o54′E, 994 m above sea level) horticultural fields during summer 2018/2019. Treatments included two common bean genotypes DAB 564 (white) or 520 (red) and three harvesting stages as the early, mid and late season harvest. In both seasons, genotype and harvesting time significantly (P < 0.05) influenced proximate, macro and micro mineral composition of common bean seeds. Generally genotypes studied had a sufficient amount of proximate and mineral content with crude protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content as the most abundant minerals at a range between 20-22%, 33-101 mg g-1 and 41-45 mg g-1, respectively across harvesting times. Genotype DAB 564 (white coloured) significantly (P < 0.05) produced seeds with the highest concentration of proximate and mineral contents especially zinc (45 mg g-1) and iron (70 mg g-1) content irrespective of season. Harvesting common bean seed early or mid-stage produced high seed concentration of proximate, micro and macro mineral content across genotype or season.

Download Full-text

Effect of cultivar and year of harvest on the mineral composition of Algerian extra-virgin olive oils

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2020181-14472 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. e0901

Author(s):

Karima Benamirouche-Harbi ◽

Sonia Keciri ◽

Zohir Sebai ◽

Hicham Benamirouche ◽

Lilya Boudriche

Keyword(s):

Mineral Composition ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Graphite Furnace ◽

Principal Component ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Technical Institute ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Virgin Olive Oils ◽

Olive Oils

Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of cultivar and year of harvest on the content of mineral elements of Algerian extra virgin olive oils.Area of study: Technical Institute of Arboriculture of Fruits and Vine (TIAFV), Bejaia, Algeria.Material and methods: The mineral contents of extra virgin olive oils from ten cultivars during two consecutive campaigns 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and absorption in a graphite furnace after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Principal component analysis was applied to correlate the mineral content with cultivar type and year of harvest.Main results: Mean concentrations for Fe, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Mg, As and Co in samples were observed in the range of 1.640-13.213, 1.546-32.866, 1.375-3.337, 19.666-104.720, 4.573-117.133, 0.120-2.560, 0.006-0.146 and 0.002-0.051 μg g-1, respectively. The first three principal components retained 76.25% of the variance. The determinants of the effect of cultivar type and year of harvest were Fe and Na; Mg, Co and As, respectively.Research highlights: The study showed that mineral composition of the olive oils was mainly determined by the cultivar and the year of harvest.

Download Full-text

Relationship between Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and citrus foliar minerals

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2020.115.2.1280 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Salim LEBBAL

Keyword(s):

Mineral Composition ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

Aphis Spiraecola ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Citrus Varieties ◽

The Relationship ◽

Citrus Trees

Spring and autumn flushes are generally the most infested periods by citrus aphids. Nevertheless, the role of citrus foliar minerals on aphids is not clear. Thus, this paper aims to study the correlation between certain minerals and the infestation degree of citrus varieties by Aphis spiraecola. Aphid counting was carried out on 12 leaves for each of the six species retained (clementine, lemon, grapefruit and three varieties of mandarin), during autumn (October 2014) and spring (April 2015) flushes. In addition, mineral contents of the leaves in P, K, Na, Ca and Li were measured for the same periods. The results showed that the infestation levels of the studied varieties were higher in the spring flush than in the autumn one. Moreover, analyzes of young leaves showed an important intraspecific (mandarin varieties) and interspecific differences in the mineral composition between the examined citrus trees. The study of the relationship between infestation levels by A. spiraecola and mineral content of the six examined species showed no significant correlation, suggesting a marginal role of the five analyzed minerals in the relation citrus – A. spiraecola.<div class="gdict-dialog" style="display: none;"> </div>

Download Full-text

Influence of pendimethalin and hand weeding on mineral composition of maize, cowpea and their intercrop

Bio-Research ◽

10.4314/br.v18i2.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Amudalat Ranti Lawal ◽

Bolaji Umar Olayinka ◽

Lukman Bola Abdulra’uf ◽

Emmanuel Obukohwo Etejere

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Hand Weeding

Weed competition has been a major challenge limiting crop yield especially in intercropping systems. Information on the use of chemicals for weed control in intercropping systems appears scanty. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pendimethalin (P) at 1 kg active ingredient/ha, and hand weeding (HW) on mineral contents of the harvested grains and effects of various weed control treatments in maize, cowpea, and their intercrop. Field experiments were carried out during the 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons. The field layout followed complete randomized block design with three replicates. There were eight treatments: Sole Maize/Cowpea + P, Sole Maize/Cowpea + P + 1HW at 3 weeks after sowing (WAS), Sole Maize/Cowpea + P+ 2HW at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), Sole Maize/Cowpea weedy check, Intercrop + P, Intercrop + P + 1HW at 3WAS, Intercrop + P + 2HW at 3 and 6 WAS and Intercrop weedy check. It was observed that, P+1HW and P+2HW in both cropping systems have significant effects (p<0.05) and effectively control weed and increase the mineral contents in maize, cowpea, and their respective intercrop. The study revealed that, the mineral composition of maize and cowpea grains were improved by using pendimethalin with supplementary hand weeding. The study recommends that farmers should adopt intercropping maize with cowpea using pendimethalin plus one supplementary hand weeding at 3 WAS.

Download Full-text

Diets of freely grazing and captive reindeer during summer and winter

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.9.1.771 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Mauri Nieminen ◽

Ulla Heiskari

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Energy Content ◽

Deschampsia Flexuosa ◽

Reindeer Herding ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Forage Plants ◽

Commercial Feeds ◽

Very High

The chemical composition and nutritive value of different forage plants and commercial feeds of reindeer were studied by standard methods in the Finnish reindeer herding area during 1980-86. The nutritive values, particularly the protein and mineral contents, of ground lichens (Cladina spp.) and arboreal lichens (Alectoria spp.) were very low compared to forest wiregrass (Deschampsia flexuosa), summer forage plants and commercial feeds. The crude protein and mineral content of reindeer summer food was very high. The energy content of lichens and commercial feeds was high and they are an important source of energy for reindeer in winter.Vapaasti laiduntavien ja tarhaporojen ravinto kesa 11a ja talvella.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Poron ravintokasvien ja kaupallisten rehujen kemiallista koostumusta ja ravintoarvoja tutkittiin vakiomenetelmin Suomen poronhoitoalueella vuosina 1980-86. Poronjakalien {Cladina spp.) ja luppojen {Alectoria spp.) ravintoarvot ja valkuais- ja kivennaisainepitoisuudet olivat hyvin alhaiset verrattuna metsalauhaan {Deschampsia flexuosa), kesaravintokasveihin ja kaupallisiin rehuihin. Poronjakalien ja kaupallisten rehujen energiapitoisuus oli kuitenkin korkea ja niista poro saa nopeasti tarvitsemaansa energiaa talvella.Fritt betande och inhagnade renars matsedel under sommar och vinter i Finland.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Man har undersokt den kemiska sammansattningen och naringsvardet av olika foderplanter och kommerciella fodermedel under åren 1980-86. Naringsvardet, sarskilt innhållet av protein i renlavar {Cladina spp.) och tradlavar (Alectoria spp.) var mycket lågt sammanliknat med smyla (Deschampsia flexuosa), sommarbetesplanter och kommerciella fodermedel. Råprotein och mineralinnehåll i renenes som-marbetes-foder var mycket hogt. Energiinnehållet av lavar och kommerciella fodermedel var ho gt och dessa år viktiga energikallor for renen i vintern.

Download Full-text

Mineral composition of wheat species as influenced by different fertilizer sources and different weed control practices

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1107511/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Sancar Bulut

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Animal Health ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Control Methods ◽

Wheat Species ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Wheat Varieties

Abstract This research was carried out to determine the effects of agronomic practices on the mineral composition of organically-grown wheat species. In terms of all nutrients evaluated, the mineral content of wheat showed significant differences according to crop years, varieties, weed control methods and fertilizer sources. As the average of all factors, the Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb contents of the ground wheat grain were; 3.93, 42.8, 79.6, 0.549, 11.34, 0.012, 0.140, 0.194, 3.71 and 0.269 mg / kg, respectively. According to the wheat varieties, the Kırik was superior in terms of Cu, Fe, Se, Zn, Co and Cr, and the Dogu-88 was superior in terms of Mn, Cd, and Ni. The effect of weed control methods on mineral content was variable. According to fertilizer sources, the highest mineral content was obtained from the control plots without fertilizer treatments. The lowest mineral contents were obtained from chemical fertilization, cattle manure and organic fertilizer applications. There was no significant increase in the mineral content of wheat with organic fertilization, however, organic agriculture still preserves its place in terms of healthy food. As a result, it has been determined that the values obtained for all mineral elements were not at a level that pose a risk on the environment, human and animal health according to WHO.

Download Full-text

Comparative study on proximate and mineral composition of native and hybrid pangas (Pangasius pangasius, P. hypophthalmus) at raw and fried stages

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Science ◽

10.3329/jasbs.v47i1.54183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Sadia Jahan ◽

AHM Shafiullah Habib ◽

Shanzida Islam ◽

Md Kamrul Hasan ◽

Mohajira Begum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Level ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Proximate And Mineral Composition

A study was conducted on the proximate and mineral composition of native and hybrid pangas, namely Pangasius pangasius and Pangasius hypophthalmus at raw and fried stages between January and December 2017. At the raw stage higher amount of average protein (23%) found in native pangas compared to hybrid (19.7%) and hybrid pangas contain higher fat (15.95%) compared to native (12.75%), although the moisture content was the same in both. Protein and fat were higher in both fishes at 26.8% and 20.95% in natives and 24.05% and 24.2% in hybrids at the fried stage. At the raw stage, mineral contents were higher in natives and the highest content was sodium (185.38 mg/100 g) followed by phosphorus (166.90 mg/100 g) and calcium (116.35 mg/100 g) and slightly decreased those minerals at the fried stage of the same fish. In the fried stage, mineral contents were found almost the same, although calcium, magnesium, iron was slightly varied and phosphorus, sodium found high in amount. But energy level was higher (328 Kcal) in hybrids compare to native. Thus, the study of raw and fried stages indicates that native pangas are better in proximate and mineral composition than the hybrids, but the energy was high in hybrids. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 47(1): 13-22, June 2021

Download Full-text

Seasonality in Nutrient Contents of Edible Green Algae Ulva compressa and Ulva fasciata from Southeast Coast of India

Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology ◽

10.51983/ajeat-2019.8.1.1058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 60-66

Author(s):

N. Monisha Hyderali .

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Northeast Monsoon ◽

Proximate And Mineral Composition

Seasonal variations in the proximate (protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, ash, moisture, lipid, amino acid and fatty acid content), mineral composition (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, C, Mn) and Heavy metals content (Cd, Pb, Hg and Ni) of Ulva compressa and Ulva fasciata were investigated for all four different seasons (Spring, North east monsoon, Summer and South west monsoon) during 2015 to 2016. Data were analyzed using one- and two-way ANOVA. Significant variations in the proximate constituents were found among seasons and species. Maximum proximate and mineral composition in U. compressa are protein, carbohydrate, ash content, moisture content and lipid in northeast monsoon, dietary fiber, amino acids content and mineral content in southwest monsoon, fatty acids content in spring. Heavy metals were not detected except lead. In U. fasciata, maximum proximate and mineral composition are protein, carbohydrate, moisture content, ash content in spring season, dietary fiber in summer season, lipid and total amino acids content in northeast monsoon, fatty acids contents and mineral content in southwest season. Heavy metals were not detected except lead. U. compressa has highest protein, carbohydrate, moisture content, amino acids and mineral content as compared to U. fasciata. U. fasciata has maximum dietary fiber, ash content, lipid content and fatty acids as compared to U. compressa. In general, Northeast monsoon showed the highest proximate and mineral composition in both the algae. The present study revealed that these two edible algae have higher proximate contents which can be more ideal for food consumption for humans and animals.

Download Full-text

Physical Characteristics and Mineral Composition of Bread Produced from Blends of Wheat and Defatted/Undefatted Cashew Kernel Flours

Asian Food Science Journal ◽

10.9734/afsj/2021/v20i230259 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Barber, Lucretia Ifeoma ◽

Emelike, Nkechi Juliet T. ◽

Deebom Maureen Dumlebabari

Keyword(s):

Mineral Composition ◽

Wheat Flour ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Hydraulic Press ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

The Other ◽

Loaf Volume ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Composite Bread

The present study was aimed at assessing the physical characteristics and mineral composition of breads produced from blends of wheat-defatted/undefatted cashew kernel flours. Cashew kernel was processed into flour and thereafter divided into two portions. One portion was left undefatted while the other portion was defatted using a hydraulic press. Bread was prepared from the blends of wheat and defatted/undefatted cashew kernel flours using 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, of wheat flour to defatted cashew kernel flour (DCF) and wheat flour to undefatted cashew kernel flour (UCF), respectively and 100% wheat flour as control. Mineral composition and physical characteristics of the composite breads was determined using standard methods. The study revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the calcium (12.21-24.60 mg/100 g), iron (1.08-5.13 mg/100 g), potassium (4.13-19.63 mg/100 g), sodium (0.27-0.55 mg/100 g), zinc (0.05-2.25 mg/100 g) and magnesium (4.29-23.72mg/100g) contents as the proportion of defatted and undefatted cashew kernel flour increased. Defatting resulted to a significantly (p<0.05) higher increase in the mineral contents of the bread samples. Physical characteristics of the composite bread showed a decrease in the height (8.00-5.20 cm), length (12.30-11.25 cm), width (8.00-7.45 cm), loaf volume (682.50-505.00 cm3) and specific volume (2.62-2.08 g/cm3) as amounts of defatted and undefatted cashew kernel flour substitution increased. Weight of the bread increased as substitution with 10% defatted and undefatted cashew kernel flour. Beyond the 10% level, a decrease in bread weight was observed. The findings of the present study therefore showed that wheat flour bread supplemented with 10% UCF cashew kernel flour produced bread of higher mineral content than 100% wheat flour bread and this level of UCF substitution did not have adverse effect on the bread’s physical characteristics.

Download Full-text

The Distribution of Minerals in Crucial Plant Parts of Various Elderberry (Sambucus spp.) Interspecific Hybrids

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040653 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 653

Author(s):

Nataša Imenšek ◽

Vilma Sem ◽

Mitja Kolar ◽

Anton Ivančič ◽

Janja Kristl

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Plant Development ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Food Industry ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Genetic Breeding ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Early Stages ◽

Superior Genotypes

In view of growing requirements of the food industry regarding elderberries (genus Sambucus), a need to increase their productivity and improve their chemical composition has emerged. With this purpose in mind, numerous elderberry interspecific hybrids have been created. In the present work, the content of minerals in their crucial plant parts was studied. It was also investigated whether superior genotypes regarding the mineral composition of berries and inflorescences could be predicted at early stages of plant development. The results showed that elderberry leaves contained the highest amounts of Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Sr, while K and P were predominant in fruit stalks. Fe and Al prevailed in roots and Cu in bark. Although berries showed lower mineral content compared to other plant parts, their mineral content is not negligible and could be comparable to other commonly consumed berries. Genotypes with a favorable mineral content of inflorescences and berries could be predicted on the basis of known mineral composition of their shoots and leaves. The study also indicates that S. nigra genotypes and the majority of interspecific hybrids analyzed are suitable for further genetic breeding or cultivation.

Download Full-text

Indigenous rhizobial strains SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 for common bean inoculation: A biotechnological tool for cleaner and more sustainable agriculture

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479721000041 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Bruno Britto Lisboa ◽

Thomas Müller Schmidt ◽

Arthur Henrique Ely Thomé ◽

Raul Antonio Sperotto ◽

Camila Gazolla Volpiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽

Productivity Losses ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Rrna Sequencing ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

Type Strains ◽

Common Bean Plants

Summary Inoculation of symbiotic N2-fixing rhizobacteria (rhizobia) in legumes is an alternative to reduce synthetic N fertiliser input to crops. Even though common bean benefits from the biological N2 fixation carried out by native rhizobia isolates, the low efficiency of this process highlights the importance of screening new strains for plant inoculation. Two rhizobial strains (SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107) previously showed great potential to improve the growth of common beans under greenhouse conditions. Thus, this study evaluated the growth and grain yield of common bean plants inoculated with those strains in field experiments. The rhizobial identification was performed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the phylogeny showed that SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 are closely related to Rhizobium phaseoli, within a clade containing other 18 Rhizobium spp. type strains. Common bean plants inoculated with SEMIA 4107 showed similar productivity to N-fertilised (N+) plants in the first experiment (2016/17) and higher productivity in the second experiment (2018/19). The development of inoculated plants was different from that observed for N+. Nonetheless, comparing inoculated treatments with N-fertilised control, no yield or productivity losses at the end of the growing process were detected. Our results showed that inoculation of the rhizobial isolates SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 improved the growth and grain yield of common bean plants. The observed agronomical performance confirms that both strains were effective and can sustain common bean growth without nitrogen fertilisation under the edaphoclimatic conditions of this study.

Download Full-text