scholarly journals Evaluation of growth and flowering of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. under Polish conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Gęsiński
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
South American ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Long Period

The material presented refers to the estimation of growth and the flowering (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd.) under Polish conditions. The species has been a South-American pseudocereal cultivated in the traditional form in the Andean region for over 5 thousand years. Its advantage, apart from low soil and climate requirements, is that it shows high nutritive value. The <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> protein is especially valuable with its amino acid composition which is better balanced than that of wheat or maize. It shows a better share of egzogenic aminoacids. Field examinations were carried out in 1999-2001 at the Experiment Station of Cultivar Testing at Chrząstowo. The experiment involved two cultivars from two various growing regions: America and Europe. Analyses were made to include development stages, plant growth dynamics, inflorescences development dynamics, inflorescence habit and flowering. Differences were recorded in the growth and development models of the cultivars researched. The European cultivar had a short compact inflorescence with a short flowering period, reaching 120 cm. American cultivar plants were high (160 cm); they showed a slower continuous growth, loose big-in-size inflorescence, and a long period of flowering. The plants ended their growing season over the flowering stage or seed formation. The adequate growth, the course of flowering and, as a result, a stable yielding of the European cultivar make the group suitable for the cultivation under Polish conditions. This breeding group should also be the parent material for the cultivation of the Polish cultivar of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i>.

ON MODELING THE GROWTH DYNAMICS OF A STAGE STRUCTURED POPULATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 06 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350039 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE BUFFONI ◽  
SARA PASQUALI
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Regression Effects ◽  
Pelagic Copepod ◽  
Structured Population ◽  
Lagrangian Modeling

A Lagrangian modeling approach is applied to the numerical simulation of the temporal dynamics of a stage-structured population. The growth dynamics is determined only by the main biological processes: development of an individual, mortality, reproduction. Different approaches in modeling the development process of an individual are implemented: stochastic advection-diffusion models (backward–forward dispersion models), and stochastic development models where regression effects, defined as negative development on the status of an individual, are forbidden (forward dispersion models). Some properties of the residence times of an individual in a stage are investigated: in particular, their role in the calibration of the development models and in the estimation of some parameters introduced in the model equation. As a study case a multi-stage pelagic copepod population is considered. Trying to separate the effects of the main biological processes on the temporal dynamics, numerical simulations have been carried out in some idealized situations: first only the development of the individuals, neglecting mortality and reproduction, is considered; then the mortality process is introduced, and finally both the mortality and reproduction processes. The results of the numerical simulations, are compared and discussed.

scholarly journals Buckwheat and quinoa seeds as supplements in wheat bread production

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Demin ◽  
Biljana Vucelic-Radovic ◽  
Nebojsa Banjac ◽  
Neli Nikolajevna-Tipsina ◽  
Mirjana Milovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Hydrothermal Preparation ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Bread Production

The aim of this work was to compare the nutritional characteristics of wheat bread with the bread produced of wheat flour supplemented with quinoa and buckwheat seeds. Bread making properties of these blends were analyzed in order to investigate their ability to make moulded bread. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will.) and buckwheat seeds were grown in the vicinity of Belgrade, Serbia. The addition of pseudocereal seeds (at levels of 30% and 40%) and a selected technological process, which included hydrothermal preparation of supplements, resulted with a valuable effect on nutritive value of breads. In comparison with the wheat bread that was used as control sample, the protein increase of 2% and the increase of crude fiber content at around 0.5% in 30% supplemented breads were registered. Furthermore, the incorporation of both seeds mixture at the level of 40%, increased the content of protein for 2.5% and fiber content for 0.4%. In regard to the starch, fat, and ash contents there were no major differences. The investigated breads were nutritionally superior to the wheat bread. Chemical composition of the selected seeds was also investigated. The results showed that the blends containing either 30% or 40% of selected seeds expressed high potential for the production of molded breads, as new baking products with enhanced nutritional composition. The applied technological procedure was modified in such way that for all blended combination of supplements it changed rheological properties of dough. Furthermore, it resulted in a good volume of breads with excellent sensory properties of aroma-odor and taste.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity, and Protein Content of Three Varieties of Germinated Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. e89831
Author(s):  
David Choque-Quispe ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ligarda-Samanez ◽  
Betsy Suri Ramos-Pacheco ◽  
Saida Leguía Damiano ◽  
Miriam Calla-Florez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
South American ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Kjeldahl Method

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is a pseudocereal with a high nutritional potential and a significant content of bioactive compounds, which is consumed mainly by the inhabitants of the South American Andes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein content, total phenols, and antioxidant activity of quinoa grains of the Salcedo INIA, Pasankalla, and Negra collana varieties, germinated for 24 and 48 hours at 35 °C. Organic quinoa grains were grown in the Andahuaylas province in Peru, at an altitude of 3582 m. The protein content was determined through the Kjeldahl method, total phenols, in turn, by spectrophotometry with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and the antioxidant activity of the DPPH type were registered. The data were analyzed through an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), a Tukey test, and Pearson’s correlation at 5% significance. The germinated quinoa grains showed a considerable increase (p < 0,05) in their protein content, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity, as well as a strong positive correlation with the size of sprouts during the germination time. Therefore, germinated quinoa could be considered as a promising product for human nutrition and health.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF VARIOUS AGRO-CHEMICALS ON WINTER WHEAT GROWTH INTENSITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Daiga Oboļeviča ◽  
Antons Ruža
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
And Training

Also, each treatment of the field results in a certain stress for the plants. The natural physiological processes within a plant are hindered influencing the growth of a plant. The objectives of the paper were to determine influence of retardant, herbicide and nitrogen on growth dynamics and the development o f vegetation stages in winter wheat. The field experiments were carried out during 1998 to 1999 in Research and Training Farm "Pēterlauki" on sod calcareous medium loam, pH k c l — 7.0, humus content 20 to 25 g kg 1 in soil. The research was carried out in the fields o f intensive type of winter wheat 'Otto' with the following treatments: control; control + herbicide; control + retardant; Ngo + 70 +40 + retardants. Herbicide Dialen (2,01 ha~’) and retardant Cikocel (1,5 l haT1 ) was applied during the final stage o f tillage, when testing parted nitrogen fertiliser, the first part (N go) was used after vegetation period was resumed. The second part (N70) was applied at the beginning of stalking stage (Zadoks Growth Stage 30). The third part (N40) - during shooting into ears. The grovAng dynamics was registered by aucsinographs (designed by I.Gronskis, M.Āboliņš). This equipment allows to observe and to register the intensity o f plant growth length within twenty-four hours. Registration tapes were changed every twenty-four hours. The analysis of the results showed that the most intensive plant growth happened in the morning (9:00 - 12:00 a.m.) and in the afternoon (3:00 - 6:00 p.m.). A decrease in the growing intensity was observed during night and midday. The data show how that the growth of winter wheat was seriously hindered even 2 weeks after the treatment with agro-chemicals. Winter wheat growing in length stops in the middle of flowering stage.

Responsible Nature Tourism Development Models

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
Tiago Lopes ◽  
Francisco António dos Santos da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Sustainable Product ◽  
Tourism Destinations

Recent decades have revealed profound changes in population leisure paradigms, strengthening social representations attributed to the enjoyment of natural spaces and leading to the growth of informed, demanding, and conscious visitors. Responsible nature tourism assumes a continuous growth in tourism destinations and their marketing strategies. Without the attractiveness of the hot-water islands, the Azores follow a development model towards differentiation factors based on the quality and notoriety of the destination privileging, among others, specialized markets anchored in this territory's main resources and potentialities. The current expression of whale watching in these islands, assumed as one of the main representations of nautical tourism in the region, seems to raise important questions about the real impacts of its practice. This chapter proposes to synthesize this segment as a case study, presenting a successful and recurrent sustainable product and several valorisation strategies to promote its responsible development.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Peronospora variabilis in Quinoa Seed and Phylogeny of the Quinoa Downy Mildew Pathogen in South America and the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Testen ◽  
María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco ◽  
José B. Ochoa ◽  
Paul A. Backman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
South American ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an important export of the Andean region, and its key disease is quinoa downy mildew, caused by Peronospora variabilis. P. variabilis oospores can be seedborne and rapid methods to detect seedborne P. variabilis have not been developed. In this research, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection method was developed to detect seedborne P. variabilis and a sequencing-based method was used to validate the PCR-based method. P. variabilis was detected in 31 of 33 quinoa seed lots using the PCR-based method and in 32 of 33 quinoa seed lots using the sequencing-based method. Thirty-one of the quinoa seed lots tested in this study were sold for human consumption, with seed originating from six different countries. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COX2) phylogenies were examined to determine whether geographical differences occurred in P. variabilis populations originating from Ecuador, Bolivia, and the United States. No geographical differences were observed in the ITS-derived phylogeny but the COX2 phylogeny indicated that geographical differences existed between U.S. and South American samples. Both ITS and COX2 phylogenies supported the existence of a Peronospora sp., distinct from P. variabilis, that causes systemic-like downy mildew symptoms on quinoa in Ecuador. The results of these studies allow for a better understanding of P. variabilis populations in South America and identified a new causal agent for quinoa downy mildew. The PCR-based seed detection method allows for the development of P. variabilis-free quinoa seed, which may prove important for management of quinoa downy mildew.

scholarly journals Amaranth, quinoa, and millet growth and development under different water regimes in the Brazilian Cerrado

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 561-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson Jayme-Oliveira ◽  
Walter Quadros Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
Adley Camargo Ziviani ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Water Depths

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth dynamics of the cover plants amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), and millet (Pennisetum glaucum) in a Typic Acrustox, under different water regimes in the Brazilian Cerrado. The cultivation was carried out in the winter, with reduced rainfall, which facilitated the application of varying irrigation depths to the different crops. Water regimes denominated lower, lower middle, upper middle, and upper - corresponding to 217, 386, 563, and 647 mm water depths, respectively - were tested by means of an irrigation bar composed of sprinklers with different flow rates. Plant growth was quantified by weekly collections. Amaranth was the most responsive plant to water. Quinoa showed the best performance in the treatment with the upper-middle water level among the other evaluated species. Millet showed thermal sensitivity for cultivation in the winter, making grain production unfeasible; however, it showed exceptional ability to produce biomass even in the treatment with higher water deficit.

scholarly journals School Development Approaches Over Time: Strengths, Limitations, and the Need for a New Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Rose M. Ylimaki ◽  
Lynnette A. Brunderman
Keyword(s):  
School Development ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
School Capacity ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Evidence Based Programs

AbstractAcross the globe, we observe policy trends towards evidence-based school development, “scientific” research, and increasingly centralized curriculum, all occurring amidst growing digitalization and demographic changes resulting in increasingly pluralistic schools and communities. As a result of these policy pressures, many universities and other educational organizations have proposed various evidence-based school development models or projects aimed at continuous improvement. In this chapter, we contest evidence produced from quasi-experimental research designs with other empirically tested evidence. We critique several established school development programs across the U.S. Finally, we propose that in order to have school capacity for continuous development, we need a school development process that is contextually-based and able to consider, reflect upon and use data from evidence-based programs and other sources as appropriate for school-identified problems, and that schools must be able to evaluate their own programs and processes in their particular contexts, with particular populations. For this, we need school development grounded in understandings of education and leadership as well as evidence. For our purposes, we define school development as a continuous growth process for school teams supporting education amidst tensions between policy expectations for use of research-driven evidence and the needs of students in increasingly diverse contexts.

scholarly journals Genetic variation for tolerance to the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora variabilis in genetic resources of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Colque-Little ◽  
Miguel Correa Abondano ◽  
Ole Søgard Lund ◽  
Daniel Buchvaldt Amby ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
South American ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Grain Crop

AbstractBackgroundQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an ancient grain crop that is tolerant to abiotic stress and has favorable nutritional properties. Downy mildew is the main disease of quinoa and is caused by infections of the biotrophic oomycete Peronospora variabilis Gaüm. Since the disease causes major yield losses, identifying sources of downy mildew tolerance in genetic resources and understanding its genetic basis are important goals in quinoa breeding.ResultsWe infected 132 South American genotypes, three Danish cultivars and the weedy relative C. album with a single isolate of P. variabilis under greenhouse conditions and observed a large variation in disease traits like severity of infection, which ranged from 5% to 83%. Linear mixed models revealed a significant effect of genotypes on disease traits with high heritabilities (0.72 to 0.81). Factors like altitude at site of origin or seed saponin content did not correlate with mildew tolerance, but stomatal width was weakly correlated with severity of infection. Despite the strong genotypic effects on mildew tolerance, genome-wide association mapping with 88 genotypes failed to identify significant marker-trait associations indicating a polygenic architecture of mildew tolerance.ConclusionsThe strong genetic effects on mildew tolerance allow to identify genetic resources, which are valuable sources of resistance in future quinoa breeding.

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