scholarly journals Morphological Features of Fruits and Seeds of Some Species of the Genus Crataegus L. of the Flora of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Dvirna ◽  
Oksana Futorna ◽  
Valentyna Minarchenko ◽  
Iryna Tymchenko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Relief ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Triangular Shape ◽  
The Family ◽  
Crataegus Laevigata ◽  
Yellow Flesh

Abstract The genus Crataegus L. is one of the largest species in the family Rosaceae Juss. The fruits are used as medicinal raw materials ( Crataegus fructus ), as they contain a set of biologically active compounds. The genus is voluminous and taxonomically problematic due to significant variability, hybridization, apomixis, and polyploidy. As a result, it is difficult to determine the species of the genus. Species of the genus have a number of diagnostic features, one of which is a distinct fruit with seeds. The aim of our study was to identify and compare the diagnostic features of the fruits of seven species of the genus Crataegus flora of Ukraine, which are most often used as medicinal raw materials and are the most common in Ukraine – Crataegus laevigata , C. monogyna , C. pentagyna , C. pseudokyrtostyla , C. sanguinea , C. fallacina , and C. rhipidophylla . The study was performed using scanning and digital microscopy, and descriptions were made by standard methods. As a result, we identified features that clearly distinguished the studied species from each other. We identified mature fruits that contain only one pyrene ( C. monogyna , C. pseudokyrtostyla , C. fallacina , and C. rhipidophylla ), and several pyrenes ( C. laevigata , C. pentagyna , and C. sanguinea ) among the studied species of the genus. The studied species are characterized by spherical and ellipsoidal fruits. The predominant color is fulvous/brown with different shades, but almost-black fruits of the species C. pentagyna are well distinguished. Fruits of all studied species of the genus are fleshy, except C. sanguinea , which is floury. The species is characterized mainly by yellow flesh fruits, except C. pentagyna , which has ribbed fruits. The fruits of C. monogyna plants differ from those of other studied species by the spinous-tuberous surface relief. Pyrenes of triangular shape are observed only in C. pentagyna . We suggest that these features can be used as additional diagnostic tools to determine the species of the genus Crataegus flora in Ukraine.

On the diagnostics of Adonis L. species (Ranunculaceae) of the Russian flora

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Luferov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Alternative Sources

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.

scholarly journals Members of the family Lamiaceae Lindl. as sources of medicinal plant raw materials to obtain neurotropic drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-28
Author(s):  
Е. V. Zvezdina ◽  
J. V. Dayronas ◽  
I. I. Bochkareva ◽  
I. N. Zilfikarov ◽  
E. Yu. Babaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Neurotropic Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Substances ◽  
The Family ◽  
Active Substances

The aim of this work is to review and analyze the data published in the modern scientific literature obtained in pharmacological, pharmacognostic and pharmacotechnological studies of various types of raw materials obtained from members of the family Lamiaceae L., which were sources of biologically active substances, pharmaceutical substances, total extracts and the drugs – with a neurotropic activity.Materials and methods. For the review, we used the information of scientific literature from open and accessible sources of the last twenty years, located in the scientific and technical libraries of institutions, as well as in electronic databases: Elibrary, PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, GoogleAcademy, J-Stage. The search inquiries were: the species of the family Lamiaceae (Russian and Latin), the samples of medicinal plant materials based on them as well as the names of the drugs and biologically active substances obtained from these raw materials.Results. When working with the sources of scientific information, the main attention was paid to pharmacologic tests performed during the studies on laboratory animals and proving the presence of neurotropic activity in the studied objects – essential oils and extracts from plant raw materials: aqueous, aqueous alcoholic, and methanol ones. It has been established that the potential of the therapeutic and preventive application of pharmaceutical substances and drugs based on the medicinal plant materials obtained from 30 genera members of the Lamiaceae family, remains unrealized despite the close attention of various researchers.Conclusion. This review comprised 71 species from 30 genera. Despite the significant level of the previous study presented in the analysis of this publication, an enormous potential of this family’s species remains unexplored. In the future, they can be of both – pharmacognostic and practical interest, in particular, in creation of new medicinal preparations of the neurotropic action based on them.

Syntheses, Biological and Material Significance of Dihydro[1,3]oxazine Derivatives: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Lathwal ◽  
Bijoy P. Mathew ◽  
Mahendra Nath
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Volatile Materials ◽  
Oxazine Derivatives

: Dihydro[1,3]oxazines are an important class of heterocyclic compounds having a wide range of biological and material properties. Medicinally, they possess diverse pharmacological activities such as bactericidal, fungicidal, microbiocidal, antitumor, anti-HIV and anti-inflammatory agents. Apart from being biologically active, they are materially useful for making polybenzoxazines. Polybenzoxazines, a novel class of non-conjugated thermosetting materials that belong to the family of addition-curable phenolic resins. They have lucrative properties such as small shrinkage in curing, low water absorption, good thermal stability, no release of volatile materials during cure, no need for catalyst and inexpensive raw materials. Further, the flexibility in designing a monomer gives polybenzoxazines an additional edge over ordinary phenolic resins. This review briefly describes the syntheses including eco-friendly strategies, biological and material significance of various dihydro[1,3]oxazine derivatives.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF RAW MATERIALS OF SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS CHRYSANTHEMUM L.

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Светлана (Svetlana) Галимулловна (Galimullovna) Денисова (Denisova) ◽  
Антонина (Аntonina) Анатольевна (Аnatol'evna) Реут (Reut) ◽  
Кира (Kira) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) Пупыкина (Pupykina)
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Chrysanthemum Coronarium ◽  
The Family ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Active Substances

The results of phytochemical studies of various types of raw materials (flowers, leaves, stems, roots) of some taxa of the genus Chrysanthemum (the family Asteraceae Dumort.): two species – Chrysanthemum coronarium, Ch. segetum and four varieties Ch. × hortorum Bailey – "Kupava", "Doch' Rozetty", "Oranzhevyj Zakat", "Vechernie Ogni". As the object of comparison Tanacetum vulgare L. was used. Quantitative characteristics of amino acids, macro- and microelements have been determined. The high ability of leaves to accumulate elements such as sodium (0.30–0.41%), calcium (1.24–2.13%), manganese (317.76–651.83 mg/kg), iodine (0.18–0.32 mg/kg), zinc (80.55–115.44 mg/kg), as well as amino acids (8.97–15.38 mg%). Roots contain as much as possible phosphorus (0.18–0.92%), copper (4.61–20.18 mg/kg) and iron (507.48–1234.71 mg/kg); in the stems – potassium (0.80–1.63%). Varying the studied indicators reflects the different biological value of the objects of research. The analysis of elemental and amino acid composition of various types of raw materials of some taxa of chrysanthemum showed that the studied cultivars are promising sources of amino acids, macro- and microelements. As alternative sources of biologically active substances, further studies have been proposed Ch. coronarium, Ch. segetum, Ch. × hortorum "Oranzhevyj Zakat" and "Vechernie Ogni".

scholarly journals THE new aspects iN MoRPHoloGICAL AND anatomical DiAGNosTics of the herb monarda fistulosa l

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
A. S Lapina ◽  
V. A Kurkin ◽  
V. M Ryzhov ◽  
L. V Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Pharmacopoeial Monograph ◽  
New Type ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Topicality. The herb of Monarda fistulosa L. cultivated in the Russian Federation is one of the promising sources of essential oils, flavonoids and other biologically active compounds. The problem of standardization of raw materials of this plant is not fully resolved. Objective. The article is aimed at specification and addition of anatomical and histological signs of leaves and stems of Monarda fistulosa, as well as at the study of the luminescent features of their tissues. Materials and methods. The material of the study was the stems and leaves of the Monarda fistulosa, collected in the flowering period in July 2017 in the Botanical Garden of Samara University. The experiment was carried out by the method of light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light on a light field in accordance with the requirements of the monograph of the State Pharmacopoeia of Russia, XIV edition. Results. The article presents the results of a morphological and anatomical study of the herb of Monarda fistulosa. Additionally, the diagnostic features of the studied plant were determined, and the luminescence features of the tissues of the stems and leaves were also described. Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to develop a section “Microscopic signs” of the Pharmacopoeial monograph for the new type of medicine plant material - “herb of Monardae fistulosae”.

scholarly journals STUDY OF OUTWARD SIGNS, MICROSCOPY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WALNUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Strelyaeva Av ◽  
Lezhava Di ◽  
Luferov An ◽  
Bobkova Nv ◽  
Kartashova Nv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Marker Substances ◽  
Transparent Liquid ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Medicinal Plant Material ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Alcohol Extraction

Objective: Walnut is a medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. We believe that the study of the medicinal plant material of walnut-fruit in the stage of milky-wax maturity and walnut bark is relevant. We described outward signs and microscopy, the diagnostic features of both whole and grinded raw materials, powder bark of walnut and fruits of walnut in the stage of milky-wax maturity.Methods: Alcohol extraction which was derived from walnut bark is a transparent liquid of brown color and alcohol extraction which was derived walnut fruits in the stage of milky-waxy maturity is a transparent, green-brown liquid with a fragrant smell. We performed thin-layer chromatography for the walnut cortex and identified gallic acid.Results: A method of chromatography-mass spectrometry in alcohol extraction from walnut fruit in the stage of milky-waxy maturity allowed to identify 17 compounds belonging to different classes of biologically active substances. We identified sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds of coumarins and organic acids. In alcohol extraction from the walnut bark we identified marker substances.

scholarly journals STUDY OF OUTWARD SIGNS, MICROSCOPY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WALNUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Strelyaeva Av ◽  
Lezhava Di ◽  
Luferov An ◽  
Bobkova Nv ◽  
Kartashova Nv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Marker Substances ◽  
Transparent Liquid ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Medicinal Plant Material ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Alcohol Extraction

Objective: Walnut is a medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine. We believe that the study of the medicinal plant material of walnut-fruit in the stage of milky-wax maturity and walnut bark is relevant. We described outward signs and microscopy, the diagnostic features of both whole and grinded raw materials, powder bark of walnut and fruits of walnut in the stage of milky-wax maturity.Methods: Alcohol extraction which was derived from walnut bark is a transparent liquid of brown color and alcohol extraction which was derived walnut fruits in the stage of milky-waxy maturity is a transparent, green-brown liquid with a fragrant smell. We performed thin-layer chromatography for the walnut cortex and identified gallic acid.Results: A method of chromatography-mass spectrometry in alcohol extraction from walnut fruit in the stage of milky-waxy maturity allowed to identify 17 compounds belonging to different classes of biologically active substances. We identified sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds of coumarins and organic acids. In alcohol extraction from the walnut bark we identified marker substances.

scholarly journals The microscopical investigation of diagnostic diseases of Thymus х Citriodorus var. «Silver Queen» herbs

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Y. V. Steshenko ◽  
O. V. Mazulin ◽  
T. V. Oproshanska ◽  
G. P. Smoylovska
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Distinctive Features

The actual problem of modern pharmacy is the study of promising essential oil plant species with pronounced antimicrobial and anti-inflamattory activity for their further introduction in medical practice. Species of one of the most famous Thymus L. genus are characterized by a great diversity and distribution in the world flora. The genus has about 400 species, of which up to 50 are identified in the modern flora of Ukraine. They are widespread in countries of Europe, Minor Asia, Middle Asia, North Africa, and the Mediterranean basin. Phytochemical studies the species of the Thymus L. genus were established the accumulation of various biologically active substances: essential oils, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, polysaccharides, tannins, fatty oils, vitamins, triterpene saponins, amino acids, bitterness, gums, inorganic elements. Essential oils and herbal extracts are part of phytopreparations with pronounced antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Ornamental varieties of this species are successfully cultivated in Western Europe and Ukraine: «Silver Queen», «Doone Vally», «Golden Duarf», «Bertram Anderson». Lemon thyme (Thymus x citriodorus Pers. Schreb. var. «Silver Queen») is promising for cultivation and introduction into medical practice. The plant has the necessary raw materials and a promising composition of biologically active compounds. The aim of the work is to install the characteristic microscopic diagnostic features of lemon thyme herb (Thymus x citriodorus Pers. Schreb. var. «Silver Queen»), harvested in Ukraine. We carried out a morphological, anatomical and microscopic study of fresh and dried herbal raw materials. The results of the research were obtained with a «Micromed XS-3320» microscope with a digital camera (5 mpix) in combination with a computer and «Biolam» with an FN-6 photo nozzle for direct and reflected light. When conducting morphological, anatomical and microscopic study of herbal raw materials of lemon thyme, common and distinctive features were established. Morphological, anatomical and microscopic studies of lemon thyme herbal raw materials were conducted and common and distinctive features were established. The established distinctive diagnostic features of lemon thyme can be used to identify herbal raw materials and are included in the draft article of the state pharmacopoeia of Ukraine «Herba Thymus x citriodorus Pers. Schreb. var. «Silver Queen».

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

An Overview on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Morus alba Linn.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Paul ◽  
Monami Rajiung ◽  
Kamaruz Zaman ◽  
Sushil Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Hans Raj Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
White Mulberry

Background: Morus alba Linn. commonly known as white mulberry, belongs to the family Moraceae, is a promising traditional medicine. In Asia, besides its use in the preparation of delicacies, every part of this plant is utilized in traditional medicine. Over the past decade, studies related to identification and isolation of biologically active compounds, with flavonoids as the major class of phytoconstituents, from this plant has been reported. These phytoconstituents are not only found to be beneficial for the maintenance of general health but also are associated with a range of potential pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective to name a few. Objective: This review aims to provide upgraded and comprehensive information regarding the phytochemical, ethnomedicinal use and pharmacological profile of the plant Morus alba Linn. Method: The significant information has been collected through various database viz. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct based on the recent findings, using different terms of Morus alba. Results: The outcome of the study suggests that Morus alba is a multifunctional plant numerous phytochemicals, and possess a range of pharmacological activities. Conclusion: The data assembled on Morus alba will be beneficial to trigger research in various fields of pharmaceutical and allied science to explore the medicinal importance of this unique plant.

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