APPROACHES TO THE ASSESMENT OF NON-CARCINOGENIC RISK TO PUBLICK HEALTH ON THE CITY OF ROSTOV-ON-DON

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
The City

scholarly journals RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH DUE TO THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING WATER SOURCES OF THE NON-CENTRALIZED WATER SUPPLY OF THE CITY OF EKATERINBURG

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 997-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia G. Konshina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Traditional Assessment ◽  
The City

Introduction. In recent years, the risk assessment methodology has become the leading tool for assessing the health of various groups of the population, allowing identifying priority negative environmental factors. Material and methods. There were explored 212 wells, including 150 in collective gardens and 62 in cottage settlements. The priority oral route of chemical intake into the body was studied. Results. Nitrates and arsenic compounds create the main non-carcinogenic risk in the sources of non-centralized water supply in the territory of the Municipal Settlement of the city of ekaterinburg. When using water from wells in cottage settlements levels of non-carcinogenic risks are significantly lower than non-carcinogenic risks in horticultural partnerships. Acceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk for children under 6 years are related with 17.4% of water sources in collective gardens and 25% of wells in cottage settlements; for adults - 60.8% and 93.8% respectively. The detected nitrate concentrations in individual wells of horticultural associations can create a high non-carcinogenic risk. The total individual lifetime carcinogenic risk, both in the water of collective gardens and in the water wells of cottage settlements ranges from 10-5 to 10-4 and, therefore, is at a low level, the greatest contribution is made by arsenic compounds. Discussion. In contrast to the earlier traditional assessment of drinking water quality, when the main substances for which the discrepancy was found to hygienic standards were manganese, nitrates, iron and silicon, in the assessment of water danger using the methodology of risk assessment, nitrates and arsenic come to the first place, with a much smaller role of manganese. The calculation of carcinogenic risks using age correction factors (ADAF) has increased the risk values calculated by the traditional method by almost 2 times. Summary Levels of non-carcinogenic risks when using water from wells in cottage settlements are significantly lower than non-carcinogenic risks in horticultural partnerships.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS AND LEVEL OF HEALTH RISK FOR AIR POLLUTANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Suchkov ◽  
E. A. Semaeva
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
The Third ◽  
The City

There was executed the complex assessment of air pollution in the city Novokuibyshevsk in 2014. There were outlined basic chemicals exceeding hygienic standards, as well as causing both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk. Average concentrations of pollutants were shown to fail to exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentration, and on the basis of this air pollution index in the city of Novokuibyshevsk was the low in 2014. However, air pollution in the city of Novokuibyshevsk decreased not due to the reduction of the concentration of priority pollutants, but as a result of the revision of the admissible values for formaldehyde concentrations. Individual carcinogenic risks to the health of children under 18 years according to hexavalent chromium, benzene and formaldehyde exceeded the border of maximum permissible risk, and were attributed to the third reference range of risk values in accordance with the R 2.1.10.1920-04. The carcinogenic risk to the health of adults and the population of the city of Novokuibyshevsk as a whole was in the third reference range boundaries only for hexavalent chromium. However, the overall carcinogenic risk for health of children aged up to 18 years amounted to 1.18∙10-3 and moved into a fourth reference range boundaries. The total index of danger with all substances, the content of which was monitored in the ambient air in the city of Novokuibyshevsk, accounted for 17.74 and also demanded measures to reduce air pollution in the near future.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Chemical Contaminants Ingestion with Nutrition of Children Aged 3–6 Years from the City of Kazan

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Suryana Fomina ◽  
Nataliya Stepanova ◽  
Ilyuza Galimullina ◽  
Lyudmila Obukhova
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The City ◽  
Second Period

The analysis of the intake of chemicals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in the diet of children aged 3–6 years from the city of Kazan for the periods 2007–2010 and 2011–2014 was carried out. The study of actual child nutrition was performed by questionnaire and time-weight methods. The calculation of daily doses was made with the account of regional exposure factors at the 95th percentile level. The non-carcinogenic risk from the exposure to methylmercury with basic food groups at the level of the 95th perc made 3.89 and 3.33 for both periods, 10.67—for arsenic in the first period, being unacceptable (hazard quotient (HQ) > 1). In 2007–2010, the central nervous system (CNS), the hormone system (HS), the immune system (IS), and the development (hazard index (HI) = 15.75, 12.87, 11.72, and 4.03) were exposed to the highest toxic effect, and in 2011–2014, the CNS and the development (HI = 4.02 and 3.98). The risk of developing non-carcinogenic effects for these systems (64%–91%) was mainly due to contamination of foods with As for the first period, and to the intake of Pb (46%–57%) for the second period. The value of the total individual carcinogenic risk (ICR Cd, Pb, As), for the second period 1.69 × 10 5 corresponded to the maximum allowable level. In 2007–2010, the total ICR was 2.45 × 10 4 which is an unacceptable level for the general population. The major contribution to the total ICR due to the intake of contaminated foods was made by As (92.55%) in the first period, and by Cd (79.93%) in the second period. The peculiarities of the child body (the amount of chemicals ingested per kilogram of body weight is higher in children than in adults) determine the potential risk and are responsible for high vulnerability on exposure to chemicals and the development of adverse effects.

Application of two different health risk assessment approaches to detect soil potentially toxic element induced risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gevorg Tepanosyan ◽  
Lilit Sahakyan ◽  
Armen Saghatelyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
The City

<p>Soils of urbanized and mining areas succeeded the main geochemical features of parent materials, as well as accumulate potentially toxic elements (PTE) from different anthropogenic sources. The latter resulted in the change of soil chemical composition and high level of PTE which may have negative reflection on people’s health. In this study 207 soil samples were collected from the entire territory of the city of Alaverdi hosting Alaverdi copper smelter. After the determination of Fe, Ba, Mn, Co, V, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, As and Mo concentrations by XRF the established data set was subjected for the PTE induced health risk assessment. In this study two commonly used health risk assessment approaches - Summary pollution index (Zc) [1]–[3] and Hazard Index (HI, US EPA) [4] were used to assess human health risk posed by the content of studied PTE in soil of Alaverdi city. The result showed that the detected concentrations are mainly the result of superposition of PTE contents introduced into the environment from natural mineralization processes and Alaverdi copper smelter related activities. The health risk assessment showed that the Zc values belonging to the extremely hazardous level has point-like shape and are surrounded by the hazardous and moderately hazardous levels, respectively. Summary pollution index showed that approximately 53 % of the city territory including the residential part is under the risk suggesting the increase in the overall incidence of diseases among frequently ill individuals, functional disorders of the vascular system and children with chronic diseases [1]. The US EPA method were in line with the results of the Zc and indicated that the observed contents of elements are posing non-carcinogenic risk to adult mainly near the copper smelter. In the case of children single-element non-carcinogenic risk values greater than 1 were detected for As, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Mo in 122, 95, 86, 10, 10, 9 and 6 samples out of 207 soil samples and the mean HQ values decrease in the following order: As(2.41)>Fe(1.14)>Co(1.09)> Mn(0.61)>Pb(0.41)>Cu(0.32)>V(0.19)>Mo(0.11)>Cr(0.05)>Ba(0.03)>Zn(0.02). The multi-elemental non-carcinogenic risk observed in the entire territory of the city indicating an adverse health effect to children. The results of this study suggesting the need of immediate risk reduction measures with special attention to arsenic.</p><p><strong>References:</strong></p><p>[1]         E. K. Burenkov and E. P. Yanin, “Ecogeochemical investigations in IMGRE: past, present, future,” Appl. Geochemistry, vol. 2, pp. 5–24, 2001.</p><p>[2]         C. C. Johnson, A. Demetriades, J. Locutura, and R. T. Ottesen, Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas. 2011.</p><p>[3]         Y. E. Saet, B. A. Revich, and E. P. Yanin, Environmental geochemistry. Nedra, 1990.</p><p>[4]         RAIS, “Risk Exposure Models for Chemicals User’s Guide,” The Risk Assessment Information System, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://rais.ornl.gov/tools/rais_chemical_risk_guide.html. [Accessed: 01-Jan-2020].</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of air pollution by heat power plant emissions on the health of the population of Novokuznetsk

2019 ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
R. A. Golikov ◽  
V. V. Kislitsyna ◽  
D. V. Surzhikov ◽  
A. M. Oleshchenko ◽  
M. A. Mukasheva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Introduction. Th e study of the infl uence of air pollution on the health of the population of industrial cities is an urgent task of preventive medicine.The purpose of the study— assessment of risk for population health of the city of Novokuznetsk, associated with the receipt in atmospheric air of polluting substances from SC «Kuznetsk TPP».Materials and methods.The paper presents the results of risk assessment for the health of the population of Novokuznetsk from the impact of atmospheric emissions of coal thermal power plant. Risks were calculated in accordance with the «Guidelines for the assessment of public health risks from exposure to chemicals that pollute the environment».Results.It was found that sulfur dioxide, coal ash, nitrogen dioxide had the largest share in the index of non-carcinogenic hazard of emissions. Th e maximum hazard index of carcinogenic substances was detected in hexavalent chromium. Th e greatest risk of immediate action, manifested in the development of refl ex reactions, was detected at two points of exposure to concentrations; it was determined by the infl uence of coal ash. In the formation of the risk of chronic intoxication, coal ash, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide had the greatest impact; the greatest risk was detected at three points. Th e hazard coeffi  cients of the concentrations ranged from 2.04×10–4 to 6.723. The maximum index of danger equal to 29.31, corresponded to the residential district of Lenin square. Th e highest levels of carcinogenic risk identifi ed at three points were determined by exposure to hexavalent chromium.Conclusion.Th e work identifi ed environmentally disadvantaged neighborhoods of the city. It is shown that the main contribution to the formation of non-carcinogenic risk of health disorders of the city’s population is made by nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, coal ash, sulfur dioxide. Th e main carcinogen is hexavalent chromium. Th e total values of risks expressed in the multiplicities of excess of acceptable risk, for most points exceed 1, indicating a signifi cant impact of emissions on the health of the population. A set of atmospheric protection measures aimed at reducing risks to public health is recommended. 

The impact of air pollution during the liquidation and recultivation of mine workings on health problems risk of the population in an industrial city

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Vera V. Kislitsyna ◽  
Dmitry V. Surzhikov ◽  
Yuliya S. Likontseva ◽  
Roman A. Golikov ◽  
Varvara A. Staiger
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Chronic Intoxication ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Introduction. The Kemerovo region is the largest coal-producing region in Russia, and coal mining hurts the environment. The earth's developed mineral deposits are sources of pollution of atmospheric air, water, and soil. They increase the risk to public health. The implementation of measures for the reclamation of disturbed land is an urgent problem. The study aims to assess the health of an industrial city from air pollution during the liquidation of mining operations, and reclamation works carried out at a coal mine. Materials and methods. The scientists assessed the distribution and impact of atmospheric emissions at 40 plotted points based on a map of the city of Kisilevsk in the Kemerovo region. We calculated the maximum and average annual concentrations of pollutants and identified the risk of chronic intoxication and carcinogenic risk. Scientists obtained risk values with acceptable levels. The risk values were determined, taking into account the background concentrations of substances. Results. The researchers revealed priority pollutants: inorganic dust, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon (soot), carbon monoxide. There is no excess of the maximum average annual concentrations during the liquidation and reclamation at the coal mine for all pollutants. The combined values of the risk of chronic intoxication and carcinogenic risk do not exceed the acceptable level. The total values of the risk of chronic intoxication, taking into account the background concentrations of pollutants, exceed the proper level at all points of exposure. Conclusions. Activities for the elimination and reclamation of mine workings do not significantly impact the environment and the health of the population of the city of Kiselevsk.

Environmental Assessment of the Impact of Meteorological Parameters on Man-Made Pollution by Carcinogenicly Dangerous Chemicals in the Voronezh Air Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
S.A. Kurolap ◽  
V.S. Petrosyan ◽  
O.V. Klepikov ◽  
V.V. Kulnev ◽  
D.Yu. Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Based on the analysis of official statistics from the Voronezh Hydrometeorological Service, the patterns of the dynamics of pollutants (formaldehyde and soot) are investigated depending on the combination of various meteorological parameters — air temperature, wind speed, relative air humidity. A positive relationship has been established between the increase in atmospheric pollution with formaldehyde and air temperature. With increasing wind speed and relative humidity, the concentration of formaldehyde and soot in the atmosphere of the city, as a rule, decrease. The maximum permissible level of carcinogenic risk to public health has been established, causing concern. The obtained patterns can be used to predict the level of technogenic pollution of the city’s atmosphere, depending on meteorological conditions.

Organization of monitoring of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of the city and assessment of the health risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Oleg Vladimirovich Klepikov ◽  
Yuriy Ivanovich Stepkin ◽  
Semen Aleksandrovich Kurolap ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Yeprintsev
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

The aim of the study was to assess the carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of an industrialized city, caused by the probable presence of carcinogens in the ambient air. The results of laboratory control of the content of carcinogens in the atmospheric air of the city of Voronezh for 2017–2020 were used as the initial data. The carcinogenic risk was assessed in accordance with the provisions of Guideline R. 2.1.10.1920–04 «Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment.» Taking into account the regional peculiarities of the composition of pollutant emissions into the atmospheric air, 1,3-butadiene (source — production of synthetic rubber) should be classified as priority carcinogens requiring systematic monitoring and measures to reduce the volume of emissions and, accordingly, concentrations in the surface layer of atmospheric air and chromium 6+ compounds (the main source is an aircraft plant). These substances, depending on the territory (transport or industrial), contribute 69.9–75.7 % and 21.7–26.9 %, respectively, to the total values of the individual carcinogenic risk (from 4.27 × 10 –3 to 4.90 × 10 –3 for the adult population, from 3.38 × 10 –4 to 3.82 × 10 –4 for children 6 years old). For the rest of the laboratory controlled carcinogens (formaldehyde, lead, soot, styrene), the risks do not exceed the maximum permissible value. It was found that the territorial coverage of the urban area of Voronezh by monitoring the content of carcinogens in the atmospheric air (5 stationary and 5 route observation posts) and the number of laboratory-determined carcinogens (6 out of 18 taken into account in the projects of maximum permissible emissions of enterprises) is insufficient to obtain reliable information on the value carcinogenic risk to public health. To reduce the associated uncertainties in assessing the carcinogenic risk, further studies of the content of 8 carcinogens (1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, lead, carbon black, chromium 6+, benzene, benz/a/pyrene, styrene) are planned at 13 additional control points of the urban area.

Eco-Technological Modernization of the Irkutsk Aluminum Plant and its Impact on Carcinogenic Hazard to Shelekhov

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Belykh ◽  
M.A. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Aluminium Smelter ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The City ◽  
Technology Of Production ◽  
Primary Aluminium

A retrospective analysis of the modernization technology of production of primary aluminium in the Irkutsk aluminium smelter in the 55-year period of activity (1962–2017) and its implications for carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their indicator benzo(a)pyrene in the environments of the city of Shelekhov. Brief ecological and technological characteristics of the production, including the introduction of more advanced technology of baked anodes and "EcoSoderberg". The dynamics of the content of Benz(a)pyrene and its analogues in the air of the working area, the atmospheric air of the urban environment and the associated underlying surface of snow, soil and vegetation are estimated. The tendency of reduction of air pollution in comparison with depositing objects is revealed.

scholarly journals The effect of pollutant emission from district heating systems on the correlation between air quality and health risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelija Djordjevic ◽  
Nenad Zivkovic ◽  
Emina Mihajlovic ◽  
Jasmina Radosavljevic ◽  
Miomir Raos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
The City

The monitoring and the control of air pollution which is a consequence of the activities of district heating plants in the area of Nis have indicated that there is a cause and effect relationship between the emitted pollutants and air quality on one hand, and health risk on the other hand. The aim of this paper is to determine the correlation between district heating plants, air quality and health risk. The evidence of this connection is the hazardous health quotient and the level of total carcinogenic risk in comparison to measured immission concentration and expected immission concentrations of pollutants from district heating plants in the city.

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