The role and responsibilities of nurses in mental preparation of the patient for a surgery

Introduction: Preparing the patient for a surgery is a complex task for the entire health care team. Even the best performed surgery will not bring positive results if the patient is not well-prepared for it, both physically and mentally and receives improper care after the surgery. Nurses play the most important role at this point of treatment as they are the ones who take care of the sick directly and spend most time with them. The process of modern technology dominating contemporary field of surgery and narrowing of the specialties have not diminished, but strengthened this role. As the professional assisting and observing the patient constantly, the nurse frequently has a great influence upon the course of the whole treatment. The nurse is the person of the therapeutic team, whose attitude, behavior, the way of communicating the patient, the respect for their rights are the most important elements in preparing the patient for the surgical intervention. This mental preparation should depend on the nature of surgery and the patient’s emotional problems and expectations related to it. Being aware of them allows undertaking effective psychological therapy, minimizing negative side effects of the surgery and pointing out the benefits of it. Therapeutic effects of these interactions are visible regardless of the fact whether they are used by a nurse in a conscious and deliberate, or an intuitive and accidental way. Therefore, nurses’ actions should be aimed at benefiting consciously from well-known therapeutic procedures. Aim of the study is to discuss the tasks and the role of the nurse in mental preparation of the patient for a surgery and to provide a copyright interview questionnaire which allows the nurse to identify the patient’s problems in this matter.

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Behavioural Marital Therapy: Current Status, Limitations, and Directions for Further Research

Behaviour Change ◽

10.1017/s0813483900008780 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 36-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kim Halford ◽

Matt Sanders

Keyword(s):

Marital Satisfaction ◽

Marital Therapy ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Current Status ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Success Rates ◽

Maladaptive Cognitions ◽

Cognitive Interventions ◽

Therapeutic Procedures

Behavioural marital therapy (BMT) is a promising approach to the pervasive concern of lack of marital satisfaction. BMT produces gains in marital satisfaction which are statistically significantly superior to no treatment controls. However when more stringent criteria for success are applied, which are of greater clinical relevance, success rates are moderate. It is argued the limitations of BMT efficacy may be due to three faults in the current conceptualization and practice of BMT. Firstly, while some recognition of the role of cognitions has been made, the salient cognitions of distressed couples have not been clearly described in specific social contexts. Secondly, the cognitive interventions used do not relate clearly to identified maladaptive cognitions. Finally, the generalization of therapeutic effects has been assessed insufficiently, and generalization has not been programmed into therapeutic procedures. Specific suggestions are offered which may help to help overcome these problems.

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Tax evasion in the medical profession An Empirical Study in the General Tax Authority in Iraq

Restaurant Business ◽

10.26643/rb.v118i11.9936 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 (11) ◽

pp. 80-88

Author(s):

Ramyar Rzgar Ahmed ◽

Hawkar Qasim Birdawod ◽

S. Rabiyathul Basariya

Keyword(s):

Tax Evasion ◽

Income Tax ◽

Medical Profession ◽

Great Influence ◽

Tax Law ◽

Degree Of Confidence ◽

Medical Professions ◽

Shed Light

The study dealt with tax evasion in the medical profession, where the problem was the existence of many cases of tax evasion, especially tax evasion in the income tax of medical professions. The aim of the study is to try to shed light on the phenomenon of tax evasion and the role of the tax authority in the development of controls and means that reduce the phenomenon of tax evasion. The most important results of the low level of tax awareness and lack of knowledge of the tax law and the unwillingness to read it and the sense of taxpayers unfairness of the tax all lead to an increase in cases of tax evasion and in suggested tightening control and follow-up on the offices of auditors, through the investigation and auditing The reports of certified accountants and the use of computers for this purpose in order to raise the degree of confidence in these reports and bring them closer to the required truth and coordination and cooperation with the Union of Accountants and Auditors and inform them about each case of violations of the auditors and accountants N because of its great influence in the rejection of the organization of the accounts and not to ratify fake accounts lead to show taxpayers accounts on a non-truth in order to tax evasion.

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Role of Brand experience in Fashion brands

Restaurant Business ◽

10.26643/rb.v118i1.7615 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

G. Aiswarya ◽

Dr. Jayasree Krishnan

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Great Influence ◽

Brand Experience ◽

Brand Preference ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Selling Strategies ◽

The Impact

Traditionally the products were pushed into the hands of customers by production and selling strategies; then the marketing strategy evolved which gained momentum by understanding the customer needs and developing products satisfying those needs. This strategy is most prevalent and what should be done to stand up in this most competitive scenario? The answer to this key question is to create an experience. The customers now also seek good experiences than other benefits. Brand experience has gained more attention, especially fashion brands. Previous studies demonstrate the role of the brand experience in brand equity and other consumer behavior constructs. But very little is known about the impact of brand experiences on fashion brands. The aim of this study is to develop a model which makes our understanding better about the role of Brand preference and Brand experience and its influence on purchase intention of the brand. An initial exploratory study is conducted using a focus group to generate items for the study. The items, thus generated are prepared in the form of a questionnaire and samples were collected. Exploratory factor analysis is conducted and the reliability of the constructs is determined. These constructs are loaded onto AMOS to perform Confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirmed the scales used. We also noticed that Brand preference has a great influence on the Brand experience. Thereby the finding supports the role of the brand experience which tends to have a mediating role in influencing the purchase intention.

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Practice and Technology

10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kjeld Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Turning Points ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Cooperative Work ◽

Computer Supported Cooperative Work ◽

Technical Knowledge ◽

Crucial Question

The emergence of practice-centered computing (e.g., Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, or CSCW) raises the crucial question: How can we conceptualize the practices into which the prospective technology is to be integrated? How can we, reasonably, say of two observed activities or events that they are, or are not, instances of the same type? These are crucial questions. This chapter therefore attempts to clarify the concepts of “practice” and “technique.” First, since our ordinary concepts of “practice” and “technique” developed as part of the evolution of modern technology, as tools for practitioners’ and scholars’ reflections on the role of technical knowledge in work, the chapter outlines the major turning points in the evolution of these concepts, from Aristotle (via the scholastics), to enlightenment thinkers such as Diderot and Kant, and finally to Marx and Marxism. The chapter thereafter moves on to analyze the concepts as we use them today in ordinary discourse.

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Therapeutic Role of Tocilizumab in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm: Rationale and Current Evidence

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22063059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 3059

Author(s):

Corrado Pelaia ◽

Cecilia Calabrese ◽

Eugenio Garofalo ◽

Andrea Bruni ◽

Alessandro Vatrella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Review Article ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Cytokine Storm ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Pathogenic Role ◽

Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Life Threatening

Among patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, one of the worst possible scenarios is represented by the critical lung damage caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced cytokine storm, responsible for a potentially very dangerous hyperinflammatory condition. Within such a context, interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a key pathogenic role, thus being a suitable therapeutic target. Indeed, the IL-6-receptor antagonist tocilizumab, already approved for treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis, is often used to treat patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms and lung involvement. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to focus on the rationale of tocilizumab utilization in the SARS-CoV-2-triggered cytokine storm, as well as to discuss current evidence and future perspectives, especially with regard to ongoing trials referring to the evaluation of tocilizumab’s therapeutic effects in patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Repairing the Neurovascular Unit after Ischemic Stroke

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10040767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 767

Author(s):

Courtney Davis ◽

Sean I. Savitz ◽

Nikunj Satani

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Neurovascular Unit ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Stroke Treatment ◽

Inflammatory Molecules ◽

The Brain

Ischemic stroke is a debilitating disease and one of the leading causes of long-term disability. During the early phase after ischemic stroke, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) exhibits increased permeability and disruption, leading to an influx of immune cells and inflammatory molecules that exacerbate the damage to the brain tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells have been investigated as a promising therapy to improve the recovery after ischemic stroke. The therapeutic effects imparted by MSCs are mostly paracrine. Recently, the role of extracellular vesicles released by these MSCs have been studied as possible carriers of information to the brain. This review focuses on the potential of MSC derived EVs to repair the components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) controlling the BBB, in order to promote overall recovery from stroke. Here, we review the techniques for increasing the effectiveness of MSC-based therapeutics, such as improved homing capabilities, bioengineering protein expression, modified culture conditions, and customizing the contents of EVs. Combining multiple techniques targeting NVU repair may provide the basis for improved future stroke treatment paradigms.

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Double-Balloon Enteroscopy in Detecting Small-Bowel Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Single-Center Prospective Study

Digestion ◽

10.1159/000511850 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Roberta Elisa Rossi ◽

Luca Elli ◽

Federica Branchi ◽

Dario Conte ◽

Sara Massironi

Keyword(s):

Small Bowel ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽

Unknown Primary ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽

Double Balloon Enteroscopy ◽

Balloon Enteroscopy ◽

Double Balloon ◽

Diagnostic Role ◽

Positive Results

Background and Aim: Small-bowel neuroendocrine neoplasm (sbNEN) diagnosis has improved with double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). DBE efficacy in the detection of sbNENs is unknown. We aimed to report the experience at a single referral center for NENs. Methods: All consecutive patients with a suspected sbNEN selected for diagnostic DBE were enrolled. Results: Between 2011 and 2016, 25 patients were referred for a suspected sbNEN. In 15/25 patients, a primary NEN was detected outside the small bowel; in 4, NEN was excluded. After extensive workup, 6 patients (4 males, median age 50 years) underwent DBE (3 anterograde, 2 retrograde, and 1 both; median time: 60 min; median insertion 200 cm). DBE was positive in 3 patients: one had an ileal 2-cm NEN G1, one had an ileal 1.3-cm NEN G1, and one had an ileal 1-cm NEN G2, all surgically removed. Of the 3 other patients, one had a metastatic NEN of unknown primary, the other two had small intestinal NENs, both surgically removed (1.6-cm G1 and G2 NEN). DBE showed a sensitivity of 60% and, in absence of false-positive results, a specificity of 100%. Accuracy resulted 67%. No complications were observed. Conclusions: In line with data from the literature, the present series showed that DBE is a safe and effective procedure in the diagnosis of sbNENs. Further studies are needed to better clarify the diagnostic role of DBE in the neuroendocrine tumor setting and its relationship with other techniques.

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Towards a Glass New World: The Role of Ion-Exchange in Modern Technology

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11104610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 4610

Author(s):

Simone Berneschi ◽

Giancarlo C. Righini ◽

Stefano Pelli

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Communication Networks ◽

High Speed ◽

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Historical Background ◽

Wide Range ◽

Happy Marriage

Glasses, in their different forms and compositions, have special properties that are not found in other materials. The combination of transparency and hardness at room temperature, combined with a suitable mechanical strength and excellent chemical durability, makes this material indispensable for many applications in different technological fields (as, for instance, the optical fibres which constitute the physical carrier for high-speed communication networks as well as the transducer for a wide range of high-performance sensors). For its part, ion-exchange from molten salts is a well-established, low-cost technology capable of modifying the chemical-physical properties of glass. The synergy between ion-exchange and glass has always been a happy marriage, from its ancient historical background for the realisation of wonderful artefacts, to the discovery of novel and fascinating solutions for modern technology (e.g., integrated optics). Getting inspiration from some hot topics related to the application context of this technique, the goal of this critical review is to show how ion-exchange in glass, far from being an obsolete process, can still have an important impact in everyday life, both at a merely commercial level as well as at that of frontier research.

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Harnessing SmartPhones to Personalize Nutrition in a Time of Global Pandemic

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 422

Author(s):

Niv Zmora ◽

Eran Elinav

Keyword(s):

Modern Technology ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Healthy Nutrition ◽

Food Diaries ◽

Physical Interactions

The soar in COVID-19 cases around the globe has forced many to adapt to social distancing and self-isolation. In order to reduce contact with healthcare facilities and other patients, the CDC has advocated the use of telemedicine, i.e., electronic information and telecommunication technology. While these changes may disrupt normal behaviors and routines and induce anxiety, resulting in decreased vigilance to healthy diet and physical activity and reluctance to seek medical attention, they may just as well be circumvented using modern technology. Indeed, as the beginning of the pandemic a plethora of alternatives to conventional physical interactions were introduced. In this Perspective, we portray the role of SmartPhone applications (apps) in monitoring healthy nutrition, from their basic functionality as food diaries required for simple decision-making and nutritional interventions, through more advanced purposes, such as multi-dimensional data-mining and development of machine learning algorithms. Finally, we will delineate the emerging field of personalized nutrition and introduce pioneering technologies and concepts yet to be incorporated in SmartPhone-based dietary surveillance.

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Lifestyle Modification for Enhancing Autonomic Cardiac Regulation in Children: The Role of Exercise

Children ◽

10.3390/children6110127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Kathryn E Speer ◽

Nenad Naumovski ◽

Stuart Semple ◽

Andrew J McKune

Keyword(s):

Exercise Prescription ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Exercise Duration ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Global Concern ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Autonomic Cardiac Regulation

Decreased physical activity (PA) is a global concern contributing to the rise in cardiometabolic diseases. One potential mechanism linking insufficient PA and poor health is dysregulated autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. This relationship is established in adults and PA recommendations, with specific exercise prescription guidelines, have been proposed to overcome this societal health burden. However, research on the benefits and underlying mechanisms of exercise on ANS activity in children <18 years old is limited. This review aimed to describe the optimal exercise “dose” and potential mechanisms of action that exercise may pose on enhancing child ANS activity, represented by heart rate variability (HRV). PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for articles examining the influence of exercise on child HRV. Various exercise duration and frequency combinations appear to improve HRV indices, primarily those representing parasympathetic influence. Furthermore, both aerobic and resistance training benefit HRV through potentially different mechanisms with intensity proposed to be important for exercise prescription. Findings indicate that exercise is a crucial lifestyle modification with protective and therapeutic effects on cardiometabolic health associated with improvements in child ANS activity. Exercise programming must consider the various components including mode, intensity and population characteristics to optimize ANS health.

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