scholarly journals PROVENANCE STUDIES IN POLAND (PART 2)

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Maria Romanowska-Zadrożna
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Provenance Studies ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Museum Professionals ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University

This article continues the first part of Provenance studies in Poland published in issue 57 of the “Muzealnictwo” Annual in 2016, and complements the text published two years ago, which was more general and focused on the situation in the USA and Europe. It presents diverse aspects of the topic, through statistical analysis of the situation in our museums and discussing works by Polish authors who tackled the problem of methodology, including first texts on library science and war losses, so-called orphaned works and property of Holocaust victims, and the post-war situation which contributed to the work’s loss of its origin. The article also draws attention to the legal aspects of purchasing artworks without due diligence, as well as to the verification of museum exhibits’ origin before obtaining legal protection for those works which are to be placed under so-called museum immunity. In the literature on provenance studies when examining the provenance of artworks, the increasing role of digital tools, such as the internet or digitisation, has been noted. Attention has also been drawn to the contribution of conservators and their innovative methods which may help determine the origin of an object. Another aspect raised in the text is the issue of the theoretical preparation to conduct provenance studies as well as the education which is already standard in library science faculties, but still a long-awaited subject for students of art history and archiving. Although NIMOZ has already organised day-long workshops for museum professionals, and the University of Warsaw has conducted academic seminars lasting several hours, there is still a long way before reaching the two-term studies offered at the Berlin Open University.

Decentralization as Chiaroscuro

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Michel Vinaver
Keyword(s):  
Financial Security ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Orange Tree ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Regional Cultures ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University

Michel Vinaver is a French playwright, born in 1927, who was exiled to the USA during the German occupation, and began to write in the 1950s – alongside a business career until 1982, when he became Professor of Drama Studies in the University of Paris. His complete plays have recently been published in two volumes by Actes Sud, and are widely-produced in France – but in the following article he claims that his few British productions, at the Orange Tree in Richmond and the Traverse in Edinburgh, have often been closer to his textual intentions. This is one of the problems he examines in the following wide-ranging article on the successes and limitations of the French post-war policy of theatrical Decentralization. Against the benefits of financial security and non-metropolitan bias, he weighs the failures to reflect regional cultures, and the cult of the director, with its continuous pressures to be ‘different’ in the interests of promotion and critical prestige. This paper was first presented at a conference at Birmingham University in April 1990. Readers with access to copies of the original Theatre Quarterly may also find it useful to refer to the special issue on People's Theatre in France, TQ23 (1976).

scholarly journals Study Of Museum Institutional Management

Edulib ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohanda ◽  
Susanti Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Educational Mission ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Institutional Relations

Abstrak. Museum menjadi aset bernilai sejarah yang monumental dan sarat dengan misi pendidikan dari generasi ke generasi. Museum pada umumnya menghadapi kendala dalam pengelolaan dana. Pengelolaan dana terutama yang mendukung keberlanjutan pemeliharaan, perbaikan, dan perawatan museum agar dapat melayani masyarakat lebih baik dan profesional. Kendala tersebut pada dasarnya akan selalu terkait dengan manajemen kelembagaan museum. Informasi yang diolah dalam karya ilmiah ini merupakan hasil elaborasi dari studi literatur dan simpulan studi hasil penelitian terdahulu. Artikel ilmiah ini membahas aspek kelembagaan museum meliputi pertama, profil museum dari segi sarana prasarana, SDM, koleksi; kedua aspek legal formal nomenklatur dan payung hukum; ketiga, aspek organisasi lembaga termasuk di dalamnya tugas, fungsi, wewenang, dan tanggung jawab lembaga penaung; keempat, pola koordinasi, kerjasama, dan hubungan kelembagaan museum dengan instansi terkait; kelima, studi kasusrevitalisasi kegiatan permuseuman yang mengarah pada kebijakan pengelolaankelembahgaan museum yang profesional. Pembahasaan tentang manajemen kelembagaan museum ini berguna, pertama bagi pengembangan wawasan keilmuan informasi dan perpustakaan, khususnya kelembagaan informasi selain perpustakaan. Kedua, memberikan gambaran mengenai tata kelola museum di instansi pemerintah. Ketiga, batasan lingkup kajian baru sebatas manajemen kelembagaan museum di instansi pemerintah, sehingga perlu adanya  pengembangan kajian manajemen kelembagaan museum untuk tipe museumlainnya, seperti museum yang dikelola swasta maupun pribadi.Kata kunci: gawitra, kelembagaan informasi, manajemen, museum.Abstract. Museums are monumental historical assets and laden with educational mission from generation to generation. Museums in general face constraints in fund management especially to support the sustainability, repair, and maintenance of the museums in order to serve the public better and professionally. These constraints will basically always be associated with the museums' institutional management. The information processed in this paper is an elaboration of literature study and conclusions of previous studies. This scientific article discusses the institutional aspects of museums including first, the museums' profile in terms of infrastructure, human resources, collection; second, the formal legal aspects of nomenclature and legal protection; third, the institutions' organizational aspects including tasks, functions, authority, and responsibilities of the sheltering institutions; fourth, the pattern of coordination, cooperation and institutional relations museum with other relevant institutions; and fifth, case studies of revitalization of museum activities that lead to institutional management policies of professional museums.Discussion on of the institutional management of museums is useful, first, for thedevelopment of information and library science, particularly institution of information in addition to the library. Second, it provides an overview of the governance of the museum in government institutions. Third, the scope of study is limited to institutional management of museums in government institutions, thus there is a need for the development of studies on institutional management of museums for other types of museums, such as museums that are managed by private or personal institutions.Keywords: Gawitra, information institution, management, museum.

scholarly journals WAWEL AND WARSAW – THE BIGGEST POSTWAR REPOSITORIES FOR RELOCATED CULTURAL GOODS IN POLAND. CONTRIBUTION TO BROADER ELABORATION

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Lidia Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Museum Professionals ◽  
Post War ◽  
Preliminary Description

The article continues the text Post-war repositories for relocated cultural goods in Poland, published in 2016 in the 57th issue of “Museology”. It is based on unpublished archival sources, as a result of basic research. It refers to the first two main repositories, i.e. at the Royal Castle State Art Collections at Wawel Castle and in the National Museum in Warsaw including its branches founded in 1945 in Wilanów, Nieborów and Łowicz. This is the first and preliminary description of the theme. It covers the results of the so-called requisition campaign, enumerates the transports and the directions from where they came, and the number of chests with cultural goods transported to Wawel and to the National Museum in Warsaw. It examines the complexity of problems then faced by museum professionals who salvaged cultural goods in opposition to the activities of the state administration, and it describes their consequences. It describes the registration activities in repositories. The issues treated still require further elaboration. The author does not tackle the legal aspects of moving cultural goods, such as the aspect of their ownership. The article may serve as an incentive to other researchers to investigate the problem in greater depth.

Conscientious Objection (European and American approaches)

Law and World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-144
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Conscientious Objectors ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual

The Article concerns the legal issues, connected with the situation, when a person (or group of people) disobey requirements of the Law or other State regulations on the basis of religious or nonreligious belief. The Author analyses almost all related issues – whether imposing certain obligation on individuals, to which the individual has a conscientious objection based on his/her religious beliefs, always represents interference with his/her religion rights, and if it does, then what is subject of the interference – forum integrum or forum externum; whether neutral regulation, which does not refer to religion issues at all, could ever be regarded as interference into someone’s religious rights; whether opinion or belief, on which the individual’s objection and the corresponding conduct is based, must necesserily represent the clear “manifest” of the same religion or belief in order to gain legal protection; what is regarded as “manifest” of the religion or other belief in general and whether a close and direct link must exist between personal conduct and requirements of the religious or nonreligious belief; what are the criteria of the “legitimacy” of the belief; to what extent the following factors should be taken into consideration : whether the personal conduct of the individual represents the official requirements of corresponding religion or belief, what is the burden which was imposed on the believer’s religious or moral feelings by the State regulation, also, proportionality and degree of sincerity of the individual who thinks that his disobidience to the Law is required by his/her religious of philosofical belief. The effects (direct or non direct) of the nonfulfilment of the law requirement (legal responsibility, lost of the job, certain discomfort, etc..) are relevant factors as well. By the Author, all these circumstances and factors are essencial while estimating, whether it arises, actually, a real necessity and relevant obligation before a state for making some exemptions from the law to the benefi t of the conscientious objectors, in cases, if to predict such an objection was possible at all. So, the issues are discussed in the prism of the negative and positive obligations of a State. Corresponding precedents of the US Supreme Court and European Human Rights Court have been presented and analysed comparatively by the Author in the Article. The Article contains an important resume, in which the main points, principal issues and conclusion remarks are delivered. The Author shows, that due analysis of the legal aspects typical to “Conscientious objection” is very important for deep understanding religious rights, not absolute ones, and facilitates finding a correct answer on the question – how far do their boundaries go?

The Early Years of Republic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar
Keyword(s):  
Educational Development ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
British Raj ◽  
University Development ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Education In India ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University

The chapter is a prologue to the main narrative of the book. It offers an evaluation of Macaulay’s minute which paved the way for introduction of modern education in India, the idea of National System Of Education which dominated Indian thinking on education for over sixty years from the Partition of Bengal (1905) to the Kothari Commission (1964), and the division of responsibility between the Central and Provincial Governments for educational development during British Raj. It offers a succinct account of the key recommendations of the landmark Sarjent Committee on Post-War Educational Development, the Radhakrishnan Commission on University Development, and the Mudaliar Commission on Secondary Education, of the drafting history of the provisions relating to education in the Constitution, the spectacular expansion of access after Independence, the evolution of regulatory policies and institutions like the University Grants Commission (UGC), and of the delicate compromise over language policy.

scholarly journals Public Administration and Values Oriented to Sustainability: A Systematic Approach to the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2566
Author(s):  
Isabel Marques ◽  
João Leitão ◽  
Alba Carvalho ◽  
Dina Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Research Collaborations ◽  
Work Area ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The University

Values guide actions and judgements, form the basis of attitudinal and behavioral processes, and have an impact on leaders’ decision-making, contributing to more sustainable performance. Through a bibliometric study and content analysis, 2038 articles were selected from Scopus, from the period 1994–2021, presenting global research tendencies on the subject of values, public administration, and sustainability. The results indicate that Sustainability is the most productive journal, the main research category is in social sciences, the most productive institution is the University of Queensland, the location with the most publications and research collaborations is the USA, and the authors with the greatest number of articles are Chung, from Chung-Ang University; García-Sánchez, from the University of Salamanca; and Pérez, from the University of Cantabria. Analysis of keywords shows that the most relevant are “sustainability”, “CSR”, “sustainable development”, “innovation”, and “leadership”. Time analysis of keywords reveals a tendency for lines of research in the social and work area. The results also provide data about the framing of studies in sustainability pillars and the types of values referred to and indicate the main areas of public administration studied. Finally, a future research agenda is proposed.

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin in WW2 German and Allied Armies: Failures and Myths of Weaponization

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Laurent Tatu ◽  
Jean-Paul Feugeas
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Biological Weapon ◽  
Military Research ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

Botulinum toxin is nowadays approved as an effective medication for various neurological disorders. The extreme toxicity of this toxin-inducing botulism, a severe lethal muscle-paralyzing illness, has been well known since the seminal works of the end of the 19th century. Because of this toxicity, botulinum toxin was one of the first agents to be considered for use as a biological weapon. The Second World War was a crucial period for the first attempts to weaponize this toxin even if many unknown factors about botulinum toxin still existed at the outbreak of the war. Using documents from the British National Archives and other published sources, we discuss the main points of the attempts to weaponize this toxin in German and Allied armies. During WW2, Allied intelligence services regularly reported a major German threat related to the potential use of botulinum toxin as a biological weapon, especially during the preparation of <i>Operation Overlord</i>, the Allied invasion to liberate Europe. All these reports would ultimately prove to be inaccurate: botulinum toxin was not part of the German military arsenal even if some German scientists tried to use the results of the French pre-war military research. Misinformation spread by intelligence services stimulated military research at Porton Down facilities in England and at Camp Detrick in the USA. These studies led to a succession of failures and myths about the weaponization of botulinum toxin. Nevertheless, major progress (purification, toxoid) arose from the military research, providing useful data for the first steps of the therapeutic use of botulinum toxin in the post-war years.

scholarly journals User agreements and makerspaces: a content analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 358-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Michele Moorefield-Lang
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
The Body ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis Software

Abstract – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the user agreements of makerspaces in public and academic libraries. User agreements, also known as maker agreements, user forms and liability forms, can be very important documents between library patrons, staff and faculty. User agreements are similar to the earlier creation of acceptable use policies for technology use in libraries. The author of this study will delve into the user agreements created for public and academic libraries across the USA. Design/methodology/approach – The researcher used content analysis to investigate 24 different user agreements written for public and academic library makerspaces. NVivo qualitative data analysis software was integrated into this research to aid in the breakdown of commonalities across terms, themes and purpose within the user agreements. Findings – Although makerspaces are a very exciting topic in the field of library science at this time, the implementation of a maker learning space is still new to many libraries. Creating a user agreement for a makerspace is newer still. Most user agreements in this study were six months to a year old. Some consistencies found across makerspace user agreements include liability waivers, permissions for minors, safety, copyright and technology replacement costs. Originality/value – At this time, most publications on makerspaces are held in the realm of popular publications (blogs, magazines, zines, etc.). The body of peer-reviewed and scholarly research on makerspaces is growing. Makerspace user agreements are new to this growing field of interest, and a content analysis of these documents will pave the way for the writing of future forms.

Lament and Revenge in the Hekabe of Euripides

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Billing
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Lament

In this article Christian M. Billing considers the relationship between female lament and acts of vengeance in fifth-century Athenian society and its theatre, with particular emphasis on the Hekabe of Euripides. He uses historical evidence to argue that female mourning was held to be a powerfully transgressive force in the classical period; that considerable social tensions existed as a result of the suppression of female roles in traditional funerary practices (social control arising from the move towards democracy and the development of forensic processes as a means of social redress); and that as a piece of transvestite theatre, authored and performed by men to an audience made up largely, if not entirely, of that sex, Euripides' Hekabe demonstrates significant gender-related anxiety regarding the supposedly horrific consequences of allowing women to speak at burials, or to engage in lament as part of uncontrolled funerary ritual. Christian M. Billing is an academic and theatre practitioner working in the fields of ancient Athenian and early modern English and European drama. He has worked extensively as a director and actor and has also taught at a number of universities in the United Kingdom and the USA. He is currently Lecturer in Drama at the University of Hull.

scholarly journals Rabies-induced Spongiform Change and Encephalitis in a Heifer

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Foley ◽  
J. F. Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Spongiform Change ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The University

A 1-year-old mixed breed heifer was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of Illinois with a 3-day history of abnormal mentation and aggressive behavior. Based on the history and clinical examination, euthanasia and necropsy were recommended. The differential diagnoses included rabies, pseudorabies, and a brain abscess. The brain was removed within 60 minutes of death, and the section submitted for fluorescent antibody testing was positive for rabies virus antigen. Residual brain tissue was immersion fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Histologic examination revealed a marked perivascular and meningeal lymphocytic meningoencephalitis and locally extensive spongiform change of the gray matter affecting the neuropil and neuron cell bodies. The most severely affected regions with spongiform change were the thalamus and cerebral cortex. No Negri bodies were found in any sections. Since the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United Kingdom, there has been an increased surveillance of bovine neurologic cases in an effort to assess if BSE has occurred in the USA. In areas where rabies virus is endemic, rabies should be included as a possible differential diagnosis in cases of spongiform changes of the central nervous system.

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