scholarly journals Current knowledge on selected rehabilitative methods used in post-stroke recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Pawel Kiper ◽  
Aneta Pirowska ◽  
Joanna Stożek ◽  
Alfonc Baba ◽  
Michela Agostini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Phantom Pain ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy ◽  
Motor Network

Understanding brain plasticity after stroke is important in developing rehabilitation strategies. Active movement therapies show considerable promise but their individual application is still not fully implemented. Among the analysed, available therapeutic modalities, some became widely used in therapeutic practice. Thus, we selected three relatively new methods, i.e. mirror therapy, motor imagery and constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). Mirror therapy was initially used in the treatment of phantom pain in patients with amputated limbs and later, in stroke patients. Motor imagery is widely used in sport to improve performance, which raises the possibility of applying it both as a rehabilitative method and in accessing the motor network independently of recovery. Whereas CIMT is based on the paradigm that impairment of arm function is exacerbated by learned non-use and that this, in turn, leads to loss of cortical representation in the upper limb.

scholarly journals The use of mirror therapy in the treatment of phantom limb pain in amputees

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Omar Fadili ◽  
Basile Labouche ◽  
Fatiha Rhattat Achour
Keyword(s):  
Central Body ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Phantom Pain ◽  
Therapeutic Procedure ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Non Invasive

Mirror therapy is a non-invasive and inexpensive therapeutic procedure indicated for the treatment of post-amputation phantom limb pain. This technique has proven its effectiveness and consists of bringing into play brain plasticity in order to reshape the central body architecture after amputation. This is a quantitative and descriptive study, which aims to objectify the use of mirror therapy on phantom pain in amputees, by combining the results in order to evaluate its effects, its application and its limits in the management of post-amputation.

Abstract P809: A Comprehensive P75 Neurotrophin Receptor Gene Network and Pathway Analyses Identifying New Target Genes for Stroke Recovery

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Sajanti ◽  
Séan Lyne ◽  
Romuald Girard ◽  
Janek Frantzen ◽  
Tomi Rantamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Network ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Pathway Analyses

Introduction: Therapeutic interest into the neurotrophins resides in their ability to regulate the process of neuronal and synaptic regeneration following acute brain injuries such as intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. P75 neurotrophic receptor (p75NTR) is an important receptor for the role of neurotrophins in modulating brain plasticity and apoptosis. The current understanding of the role of p75NTR in cellular adaptation following pathological insults remains blurred. Methods: We identified p75NTR and related genes through extensive data mining of a PubMed literature search including published works related to p75NTR from the past 20 years. Bioinformatic network and pathway analyses of identified genes (n=235) were performed using ReactomeFIViz in Cytoscape based on the highly reliable Reactome functional interaction network algorithm. This approach merges interactions extracted from human curated pathways with predicted interactions from machine learning. Results: Genome-wide pathway analysis showed total of 16 enriched hierarchical clusters. A total of 278 enriched single pathways were also identified (p<0.05, FDR corrected). Gene network analyses showed multiple known and new targets in the p75NTR gene network. This study provides a comprehensive analysis and investigation into the current knowledge of p75NTR signaling networks and pathways. Discussion: This study provides the largest comprehensive gene and functional network library of p75NTR and incorporates current knowledge using a large dataset approach that increases the overall understanding of complex p75NTR networks. These results suggest both new possible target genes for further investigation in p75NTR research, while also validating previously conducted research. These results can be used to generate novel hypotheses to gain a greater understanding of p75NTR in stroke. Future directions: We are currently sequencing miRNA libraries from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients’ plasma with longitudinal plasma samples and clinical data. This data together with presented results will be used to test identified novel targets in p75NTR engineered models in order seek novel therapeutic strategies to increase recovery after stroke.

Pain Relief by Movement Representation Strategies: An Umbrella and Mapping Review with Meta‐Meta‐Analysis of Motor Imagery, Action Observation and Mirror Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferran Cuenca‐Martínez ◽  
Álvaro Reina‐Varona ◽  
Juan Castillo‐García ◽  
Roy La Touche ◽  
Santiago Angulo‐Díaz‐Parreño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Movement Representation

scholarly journals Effect of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy and Mirror Therapy for Patients With Subacute Stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin A Yoon ◽  
Bon Il Koo ◽  
Myung Jun Shin ◽  
Yong Beom Shin ◽  
Hyun-Yoon Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Movement Therapy ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy ◽  
Subacute Stroke

scholarly journals 2190 Longitudinal changes in EEG power envelope connectivity are proportional to motor recovery in chronic stroke patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Humphries ◽  
David T. Bundy ◽  
Eric C. Leuthardt ◽  
Thy N. Huskey
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Stroke Patients

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The objective of this study is to determine the degree to which the use of a contralesionally-controlled brain-computer interface for stroke rehabilitation drives change in interhemispheric motor cortical activity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Ten chronic stroke patients were trained in the use of a brain-computer interface device for stroke recovery. Patients perform motor imagery to control the opening and closing of a motorized hand orthosis. This device was sent home with patients for 12 weeks, and patients were asked to use the device 1 hour per day, 5 days per week. The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) was performed at 2-week intervals to assess motor function improvement. Before the active motor imagery task, patients were asked to quietly rest for 90 seconds before the task to calibrate recording equipment. EEG signals were acquired from 2 electrodes—one each centered over left and right primary motor cortex. Signals were preprocessed with a 60 Hz notch filter for environmental noise and referenced to the common average. Power envelopes for 1 Hz frequency bands (1–30 Hz) were calculated through Gabor wavelet convolution. Correlations between electrodes were then calculated for each frequency envelope on the first and last 5 runs, thus generating one correlation value per subject, per run. The chosen runs approximately correspond to the first and last week of device usage. These correlations were Fisher Z-transformed for comparison. The first and last 5 run correlations were averaged separately to estimate baseline and final correlation values. A difference was then calculated between these averages to determine correlation change for each frequency. The relationship between beta-band correlation changes (13–30 Hz) and the change in ARAT score was determined by calculating a Pearson correlation. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Beta-band inter-electrode correlations tended to decrease more in patients achieving greater motor recovery (Pearson’s r=−0.68, p=0.031). A similar but less dramatic effect was observed with alpha-band (8–12 Hz) correlation changes (Pearson’s r=−0.42, p=0.22). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The negative correlation between inter-electrode power envelope correlations in the beta frequency band and motor recovery indicates that activity in the motor cortex on each hemisphere may become more independent during recovery. The role of the unaffected hemisphere in stroke recovery is currently under debate; there is conflicting evidence regarding whether it supports or inhibits the lesioned hemisphere. These findings may support the notion of interhemispheric inhibition, as we observe less in common between activity in the 2 hemispheres in patients successfully achieving recovery. Future neuroimaging studies with greater spatial resolution than available with EEG will shed further light on changes in interhemispheric communication that occur during stroke rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Mirror therapy to alleviate Phantom pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar Gupta ◽  
◽  
Rekha Gupta ◽  
Shubhra Gill ◽  
Tanya Grove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Phantom Pain ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Arm Pain ◽  
Tissue Reorganization ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Phantom pain is abnormal commotion of crushing, toes twisting, burning, tingling, cramping and shooting pain that is perceived in a body part that has been amputated or no longer exists. The amount of research in few decades has added enormous knowledge in better understanding of phantom pain. The theories of pain pathways have modified over time from mental theory to peripheral and core neural theories together motor-sensory cortical disassociation and tissue reorganization. In the generation of phantom pain, the role of mirror neurons has recently been steered. To alleviate the phantom pain, pharmacological therapy, physical therapy, TENS therapy, neuromodulation, surgical treatment, bio-integrative behavioural methods and Mirror Therapy has been suggested as treatment modalities. However, there hasn’t been a single treatment option until now. In several randomised controlled trials, mirror therapy is used to manage phantom arm pain and had better outcomes. Multidisciplinary approaches are used in the majority of effective clinical results. In this case report mirror therapy has been used to successfully reduce phantom pain. Keywords: mirror therapy; amputation; mirror neurons; phantom arm pain.

scholarly journals Mirror therapy, graded motor imagery and virtual illusion for the management of chronic pain

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieszel Plumbe ◽  
Susan Peters ◽  
Sally Bennett ◽  
Bill Vicenzino ◽  
Michel W Coppieters
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Graded Motor Imagery

Phantom Pain

2018 ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Jagan Devarajan ◽  
Beth H. Minzter
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Phantom Pain ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Preoperative Pain ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Damage ◽  
Stump Pain ◽  
Neural Sensitization

This chapter discusses phantom pain, defined as an unpleasant or painful sensation in the distribution of the lost or deafferentiated body part. It is more commonly reported in the limbs but also has been reported in other body parts such as the tongue, teeth, nose, breast, part of the gastrointestinal tract, and the penis. The incidence varies from 42.2% to 78.8%. Perception of non-painful sensations from the amputated body part is known as phantom sensation. The severity and frequency of attacks slowly decrease with time during the first 6 months, after which they remain constant. Patients with significant preoperative pain, stump pain, and infection are at increased risk of developing phantom pain. The mechanism of origin is not known; it is thought to be due to peripheral nerve damage, which contributes to neural sensitization at peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal levels. Both chemical mediators and psychological factors are involved. Phantom pain improves with time and responds to conservative medical management, mirror therapy, and psychological counseling. A small percentage of cases are resistant to treatment and may require invasive neuromodulatory treatment options such as spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation.

scholarly journals Neutrophils as Orchestrators in Tumor Development and Metastasis Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Kalafati ◽  
Ioannis Mitroulis ◽  
Panayotis Verginis ◽  
Triantafyllos Chavakis ◽  
Ioannis Kourtzelis
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Metastasis Formation ◽  
Cell Plasticity ◽  
Inhibit Tumor Growth ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Immune Cell Subsets ◽  
Metastasis Development

Several lines of clinical and experimental evidence suggest that immune cell plasticity is a central player in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis formation. Neutrophils are able to promote or inhibit tumor growth. Through their interaction with tumor cells or their crosstalk with other immune cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment, they modulate tumor cell survival. Here, we summarize current knowledge with regards to the mechanisms that underlie neutrophil–mediated effects on tumor establishment and metastasis development. We also discuss the tumor-mediated effects on granulopoiesis and neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow and the involvement of neutrophils in anti-tumor therapeutic modalities.

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