THE ANALYSIS OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN MECHANISTIC AND CYBERNETIC CONCEPTS OF HUMAN BEING

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (30) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Teresa Grabińska ◽  
Maria Kamińska-Zabierowska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous System ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Cybernetic Model ◽  
Value System ◽  
A Value ◽  
State Of The Environment

There are discussed two models of human reactions to stimuli from the environment. In the mechanistic model, the decision-making process is determined and triggered by internal power, and this is fueled by the acquisition of external goods. In the cybernetic model, man is an autonomous system, i.e. equipped with so-called homeostat, which regulates the processing of information from outside, according to his own purpose to influence the environment. Both models are compared in terms of the effect of the decision. While the man-machine regulates the state of the environment in overcoming conflict in it, the man-autonom has a wider field of action to modify the state of the environment, according to his own goal. In both models, however, there is no room for a value system that motivates the decision-making process.

scholarly journals Support of decision-making under risk by a risk-averse decision-maker

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Łodziński
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Discrete Problem ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
State Of The Environment

The paper presents the decision support under risk by the risk averse decision maker. Decision making under risk occurs when the result of the decision is not unequivocal and depends on the state of the environment. The decision making process is modeled with the use of multi-criteria optimization. The decision is made by solving the problem with the control parameters that determine the decision maker's aspirations and the evaluation of the solutions received. The decision maker asks the parameter for which the solution is determined. Then, evaluate the solution received accepting or rejecting it. In the second case, the decision maker gives a new parameter value and the problem is solved again for the new parameter. The work includes an simple discrete problem of decision support under risk

scholarly journals MUATAN NILAI ISLAM DALAM PENULISAN DAN PENGAJARAN SEJARAH

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-218
Author(s):  
Tiar Anwar Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Value System ◽  
A Value ◽  
State Schools ◽  
Islamic Values

In History writing and teaching, objectivity can not always be realized considering the character of knowledge that created by man who always can not shy away from the “subjectivity” of a human being. Especially in the teaching of history in which every teaching must necessarily refer to the normative goals that have been set, either by the state, schools, or teachers themselves. This suggests that the normativity be the main reference in the teaching of history. Both the curriculum and the standards applied in each lesson course based on a value system that is believed by its formers respectively. The value system is what will form the miscellaneous curriculum or standards and distinguish between one to another. This study tried to view and evaluate whether the values of Islam as a religion has the largest adopted is represented well in teaching, especially in the teaching of history. Conclusions from this research that, viewed in general, the tradition of the teaching of history in Indonesia, especially in the teaching of general history, is not from Islamic traditions. Even if there are some content that do not conflict with the islamic values, its only a coincident. Especially when considering the tradition of historical writing in Indonesia intensively started from the colonial-orientalist tradition that put Islam and Muslims as their main enemy. In many cases, it is found effort to omit the role of Islam and muslim in Indonesian history, and also the historical facts about the role of Muslims that is still not seated proportionally.

Les chefs de cabinets ministériels au Québec: la transition du gouvernement libéral au gouvernement péquiste (1976–1977)

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Plasse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
The Government

This article first presents a brief survey of the role and functions filled by the personal aide (chef de cabinet) of a minister in Quebec. The analysis continues, in a comparative perspective, by tracing a sociological and professional portrait of the Liberal“chefs de cabinet” in April 1976 and their successors in the pequiste government in July 1977.We then test the hypothesis that the cleavage between the government and the dominant economic forces has increased since November 15, 1976 as a result of the ideology articulated by the“chefs de cabinet” regarding the social and economic aims of the state. This hypothesis was confirmed.The hypothesis that the pequiste“chefs de cabinet” exercise a more pronounced influence on the decision-making process is also confirmed. Nevertheless, one cannot argue that the pequiste“chefs de cabinet” usurped the power of the legislators; their influence is more political than technocratic. The growing influence of the pequiste“chefs de cabinet” neverthelsss helps to accentuate the tensions and conflicts between the higher civil service and the ministerial aides.

Evaluace politiky cestovního ruchu ČR za období 2014-2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Holešinská
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Tourism Policy

The paper deals with the evaluation of the state tourism policy of the Czech Republic. Primarily it focuses on the accomplishment of the strategic document the Concept of the State Tourism Policy of the Czech Republic for 2014-2020. The activities related to particular measures are examined and as well as the implementation of tools used by the state tourism policy is analysed. The state tourism policy of the Czech Republic is also confronted with the theoretical background. Therefore, the attention is paid to the decision-making process, the legitimacy of state interference in tourism and the role of the state in tourism policy. It is emphasized that external factors (e.g. global trends or COVID-19) have an impact on the decision-making process and the direction of tourism policy. The paper is based on the qualitative analysis of documents, which is supported by the analysis of secondary data sources.

scholarly journals The actor's point of view in terms of governance tendency to the health tourism: The case of AntalyaYönetişim eğilimleri çerçevesinde sağlık turizmine aktörlerin bakış açısı: Antalya örneği

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 2885
Author(s):  
Zişan Korkmaz Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Governence which means that governing structures act in unision instead of acting seperately is also very significant in the field of health. In this regard, governence approach aims at accomplishing the sense of simultaneous governing corresponding with creating policies and decision-making process by ensuring the participation not only the state but also citizens,private sector and non-governmental organizations (NGOS)  as important factors of change.This study aims at assessing whether deficiency in relation with the health tourism in Turkey relates to the governence or not. For that purpose, Antalya that is one of the most important provinces of Turkish tourism has been chosen as a range of application and magnitude of governence of Antalya in the field of health has been tried to be measured by carrying out survey study consisted of public-private institutions and organizations, and the authorities of non-governmental organizations with the over 106 people.According to the results of the suvey, there is a lack of governence in the field of health tourism in Antalya, and this endangers the potential of health tourism. So, being collaborated an advertisement, information and application activity in harmony on the health tourism, and being established public politicy are an important acqusition for both the country and Antalya in terms of economic, political, social and cultural. ÖzetYönetim yapılarının tek başlarına hareket etmeleri yerine, birlikte hareket etmeleri anlamına gelen yönetişim, sağlık turizmi alanında da önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu bağlamda yönetişim yaklaşımı, politika oluşturma ve karar verme süreçlerine değişimin önemli aktörleri olarak sadece devletin değil; yurttaşların, özel sektör ve Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK)'nın da katılımını sağlayarak birlikte yönetim anlayışını hayata ge­çirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'nin sağlık turizminde eksikliğinin yönetişim olup olmadığını belirleyebilmektir. Bu amaçla, Türk turizminin en önemli illerinden biri olan Antalya, uygulama bölgesi olarak seçilmiş ve kamu-özel sektör kurum ve kuruluşları ile STK'nın yetkili kişilerinden oluşan 106 kişi üzerinde yüzyüze yapılan anket çalışması yöntemiyle Antalya bölgesinin sağlık turizmi alanında yönetişim boyutu ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Anket çalışmasının sonuçlarına göre, Antalya’da sağlık turizmi alanında yönetişim eksikliği vardır ve bu eksiklik sağlık turizmi potansiyelini tehdit eder sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda sağlık turizmi alanında yapılacak olan tanıtım, bilgilendirme ve uygulama faaliyetlerinin işbirliği içerisinde yapılması, kamu politikalarının da bu çerçevede oluşturulması hem ülkemiz, hem de Antalya ili açısından ekonomik, siyasal, sosyal ve kültürel anlamda önemli bir kazanç olacaktır.

scholarly journals Study on competitive intelligence in Israel: 2016 update

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner Barnea
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
The State ◽  
Competitive Intelligence ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Annual Turnover

This paper investigates the state of competitive intelligence among Israeli firmsin 2014. The methodology used was self completion questionnaires, which were responded to in May and June of 2016. A response rate of 26% was achieved with 39 questionnaires returned of the 69 questionnaires that were sent out to 65 local firms, most of them with an annual turnover of greater than 100 million USD. The results indicated that there were insignificant changes in the use of competitive intelligence in Israel in the last 10 years, since a survey conducted in 2006. Initially it looked as if the use of competitive intelligence was expanding, but the actual findings shows that the contribution of competitive intelligence to the decision making process was not progressing as it was expected to and there were difficulties in making competitiveintelligence an integral part of the decision-making process and having it reach an influential position. The results indicated that the recent global downturn evidently had only a minimal effect on the competitive intelligence scheme and in 75% of the firms there were actually almost no changes in the competitive intelligence programs. Clearly, competitive intelligence was primarily a tool used by the larger organizations and most of the firms that responded (60%),were among those who competed in the global markets. I have also attempted to look into the quality attributes of competitive intelligence performance, and it seemed that the low use of analytical tools was an indicator that we cannot ignore. Only 33% of the competitive intelligence professionals were using these tools regularly as part of their analysis work and in presentingtheir findings.

scholarly journals A STEPPED HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION FOLLOWING MILITARY ACTIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
S. M. Orel ◽  
O. V. Ivashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Error Propagation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
State Of The Environment

Military activities resulting in chemical pollution of the environment could produce a long-term impact on human health, whereas under certain conditions even ultra-low concentrations of some substances might provoke cancer, without noticeable toxic effect. According to modern views on carcinogenesis, the effect of carcinogens on human health does not have a threshold level of concentration. With the current deplorable state of the environment and an urgent need to improve it in view, we argue that there is a critical need for the mechanism that could assess the real state of the environment and would be instrumental for optimal decision-making process aimed at reducing environmental costs. The paper reports a case-study and exemplifies that a stepped health risk assessment is appropriate and helpful in case of environmental pollution following military actions. It also highlights the results of the risk assessment for life of the population living in the vicinity of hostilities. The results of the possible risk calculations concerning the damage non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic compounds could cause to the people living in the vicinity of hostilities were obtained in stages; the simple Monte Carlo error propagation methods and the two-dimensional Monte Carlo procedure were used to estimate the probability of different outcomes due to the intervention of random variables. It is shown that, in comparison with the simple Monte Carlo error propagation methods, the two-dimensional Monte Carlo procedure for estimating the probability of different outcomes provides additional information for the decision-making process, concerning either taking some specific measures or not. The findings of the study are the following: the assessment and subsequent analysis of environmental risk provide much more relevant information for taking an environmental decision, as compared to the threshold concentration methodology. The risk assessment should be carried out in stages, starting from simple (deterministic) to more complex ones (first the simple Monte Carlo error propagation methods, and later, two-dimensional Monte Carlo method), whenever there arise any of the following needs: if it is necessary to establish priorities among the areas, polluters, pollutants, pollutant transfer routes, categories of population and other risk factors; if resources for environmental conservation are limited; if mistaken decisions could generate destructive results; if there is a lack of information necessary to take a competent decision.

The State and Genocide

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Weiss‐Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
State Agents

This article explores the connection between the state and genocide. It argues that no form of mass violence, and least of all genocide, erupts spontaneously. It requires premeditation, usually by a government with a record of gross human rights violations. Indeed, the discussion contends that genocide is intricately linked to the idea of the modern state, despite a body of scholarship that questions that link. Non-state agents such as radical political parties or armed militias are usually incorporated into the governing structure and therefore rarely perform on their own. The state may deliberately use them as proxies to obscure the decision-making process and thus to shift responsibility for the crimes committed. Even though the ruling body may not always emphasize state interests in genocide, the painstaking reconstruction of the chain of command, where possible, inevitably points to the upper echelons of power as the original source of mass violence.

Where Governmentality Ends: Border Control Officers and Deportations of Sojourners in Israel

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oded Korczyn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis paper will shed light on the deportation process of visaless sojourners staying and working in Israel. I will explain how state bureaucrats, specifically border control officers of the Enforcement Unit of the Interior Ministry (in Hebrew,hamemune al bikoret hagvulot beyekhidat ha'akhifa, misrad hapnim) are able to conduct activities that cause suffering to sojourners while still viewing themselves as moral human beings, by breaking down the decision-making process into a series of dichotomic categories, by defining Zionism as a context that justifies deportation, and by governing their emotions. I claim that in Israel, state bureaucrats view sojourners as unmanageable and incorrigible. Consequently, deportation becomes a logical course of action. Such an approach, which stresses the bureaucratic aspect of national projects, enables a better understanding of how the “State” is able to perform large-scale projects that cause suffering to individuals.

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