ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF WINTER TRITICALE AT DIFFERENT LEVEL OF INTENSITY

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (5) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Bogusława Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Alicja Sułek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Means Of Production

The aim of the study was to compare production and economic outcomes of using different production technologies of winter triticale grown in crop rotation. The research was based on the results of field experiments carried out in the years of 2008-2010. The effect of the research was to determine the indicators of economic efficiency of winter triticale depending on the production technology used. It was found that the level of technology intensity, determined by the costs incurred for the means of production, influenced the structure of direct costs and the profitability of triticale production. The cheapest technology was the economical one which involved using growth retardants, but limited fungicidal protection and low levels of mineral fertilization. It was significantly more profitable than integrated and intensive technologies, but compared to them, it was worse in terms of grain yields

scholarly journals Energy Optimization in Different Production Technologies of Winter Triticale Grain

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Władysław Szempliński ◽  
Bogdan Dubis ◽  
Krzysztof Michał Lachutta ◽  
Krzysztof Józef Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Split Ratio ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Different Levels

This article presents the results of a field experiment investigating the energy efficiency of grain produced by a semi-dwarf genotype of winter triticale at different levels of agricultural inputs. The energy efficiency of winter triticale grain production was evaluated in two low-input and two high-input cultivation practices that differed in the rate of nitrogen fertilizer (split application) and disease control. The energy inputs associated with the production of winter triticale grain at low levels of agricultural inputs were determined to be 14.5 to 14.7 GJ ha−1. Higher levels of agricultural inputs increased the demand for energy in grain production by 25% on average. The energy output of grain peaked (163.3 GJ ha−1) in response to a fertilizer rate of 120 kg ha−1 applied in a split ratio of 50:50 (BBCH 27/32) and two fungicide treatments (BBCH 31 and 39). The energy output of grain from the remaining cultivation regimes was 3–13% lower. The energy efficiency ratio was highest in the low-input cultivation regime with a nitrogen rate of 90 kg ha−1 split into two applications (60 and 30 kg ha−1 for BBCH 27 and 32, respectively), seed dressing with fungicide (thiram and tebuconazole) and one fungicide treatment (azoxystrobin) (BBCH 39).

scholarly journals Meat and bone meal as nitrogen and phosphorus supplier to cereals and oilseed rape

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nogalska ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Stanisław Sienkiewicz ◽  
Zenon Nogalski
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
North Eastern

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of meat and bone meal (MBM) on cultivation of winter triticale, winter oilseed rape, winter wheat and maize. The average annual yields and protein yield achieved in crop rotation were studied. The field trials were carried out in north-eastern Poland in 2006–2010. The factor was dose of MBM: 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 t ha-1 year-1 or 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 t ha-1 every other year. The four-year experiment has proven that MBM is a valuable nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in cultivation of cereals and oilseed rape. By amendment of the tested meal into the soil it produced crop yield and protein yield similar to that achieved by mineral fertilization. However, the crude fat yield of rape was significantly higher under the influence of all the MBM doses. The yield-stimulating effect of MBM did not depend on the frequency of its application; therefore it is more convenient to apply it once every two years. Increasing MBM from 1.5 to 2.5 t ha-1 did not significantly increase any of the four crop yields, therefore for soils that had satisfactory nutrients content, 1 or 1.5 t ha-1 MBM is enough and increasing MBM will only increase economic burden for farmers and environmental risks.

scholarly journals Breeding of highly productive varieties of winter triticale resistant to pre-harvest germination of grain in the ear

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Valentina Rubets ◽  
Irina Voronchikhina ◽  
Vladimir Pylnev ◽  
Viktor Voronchikhin
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Variety Testing

Creation of new varieties of winter hexaploid triticale for the central part of Russia is characterized by increased resistance of grain to germination on the root. The phenomenon of germination on the root is one of the limiting traits that limit the spread of triticale culture in areas of excessive moisture, which is the Central Region of the Non-Chernozem zone. The work was carried out at the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev in 2018-2019. Field experiments were conducted in the fields of the Field Experimental and Breeding Stations. Laboratory tests were carried out at the Department of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of breeding varieties in the preliminary variety testing, the most valuable sample of winter triticale 228h (Castus x Don) was isolated, which formed a yield at the standard level, and during 3 years of study showed relatively high resistance to pre-harvest germination of grain in the ear. This sample is currently being intensively propagated for transfer to the State Variety Testing in 2020.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effect of the Mineral Fertilization System on the Nutritional Status of Maize Plants and Grain Yield Prediction

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Renata Gaj ◽  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Idzi Siatkowski ◽  
Hubert Waligóra
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
The Impact

A strict field experiment with maize was carried out in the years 2009–2011 at the Experimental Station of the Poznań University of Life Sciences. The impact of mineral fertilization levels on the nutritional status of plants at an early development stage 5–6 leaves (BBCH 15/16) was assessed, as well as the possibility of using biomass and the current state of nutrient supply to predict grain yield. The adopted assumptions were verified on the basis of field experiments with nine variants of mineral fertilization and two maize varieties (EURALIS Semences, Lescar, France) (ES Palazzo and ES Paroli SG—“stay-green” (SG)). Regardless of the variety tested, the plants were under-nutritioned with calcium and magnesium. Plant nutritional status and the accumulation of minerals at the BBCH 15/16 stage were the main factors determining the variability of maize grain yields. In addition, it was shown that maize biomass in the BBCH 15/16 stage, calcium content and the N:K ratio significantly determined grain yield of traditional variety. The yield of the “stay-green” hybrid was largely shaped by plant biomass in the BBCH 15/16 stage, potassium, calcium, magnesium contents and N:Mg ratio. Regression analysis showed that grain yield of the tested maize varieties was determined by plant biomass and its content from 59% to 69%.

Production technology and quality control of nanomaterials and nanostructures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимир Капустин ◽  
Vladimir Kapustin ◽  
Александр Сигов ◽  
Alyeksandr Sigov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Training Manual ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Production Technologies

The training manual contains brief information about the production technologies of nanomaterials and nanostructures, methods for controlling the crystal structure and size of nanocrystallites, methods for controlling the electronic structure and type of chemical bonds in nanomaterials, as well as the type and concentration of point defects in nanomaterials.

Economic evaluation of trifluridine/tipiracil (TT) versus nivolumab (N) in patients with advanced/metastatic gastric cancer (GC) or gastro-esophageal junction cancer (GEJC) in Canada.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 376-376
Author(s):  
Kiran Virik ◽  
Robert B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Drug Cost ◽  
Drug Acquisition ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Drug Costs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Line

376 Background: Systemic treatment options in pre-treated patients with advanced/metastatic GC and GEJC have historically been limited especially in the third line or more. Recent potential advances in the therapeutic landscape of this patient population include TT (TAGS study) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as N (ATTRACTION-2 study). There is an anticipated budgetary impact on healthcare systems within the context of these potentially funded options. An economic evaluation can be instrumental in choosing a regimen if survival and quality of life are felt to be comparable. Methods: A cost minimization analysis was performed in Canadian dollars ($) comparing TT and N respectively in advanced de novo and relapsed GC/GEJC cases diagnosed in 2017 and subsequently treated in the third line in Canada. Direct costs including drug acquisition costs, supportive medications, transfusions, laboratory tests, physician visits, pharmacy and nursing time (health resource utilization-HRU) costs were calculated utilizing Ontario data. Direct costs for treatable adverse events G3/4 > 5% were incorporated. The analysis assumed complete drug delivery and the number of target patients was derived from constructed schema. Results: Compared to TT, the use of N was associated with a higher direct cost by a difference of $2.63 million (M) in the third line for GC and GEJC in Canada, principally reflecting a greater drug acquisition cost.The direct costs ranged (IQR) from 3.65M - 10.62M for TT to 3.3M – 15.69 M for N. N also had a greater HRU cost at 2.7 times that of TT and this was 64% of the direct costs for N excluding drug cost versus 42% of the direct non drug costs for TT. Supportive care (GCSF and transfusions) were 34% of the direct cost for TT excluding drug cost. A sensitivity analysis was performed. Conclusions: N generated a higher direct cost both for drug acquisition cost and other direct costs especially in HRU. Despite the increased cost of supportive care for adverse events related to TT, the direct non drug costs were less for this option. The use of biomarkers predictive of response may reduce the potential cost burden of the use of ICIs.

Chemical control of chocolate spot disease of field beans

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severa A. Doto ◽  
W. J. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Chocolate Spot ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Chocolate Spot Disease ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Better Than

SummaryThe ability of two chemicals, Benlate and BAS352-04F, to control chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) disease of field beans (Vicia faba) was examined in five small-plot or field experiments. The incidence of the fungus was never such as to reach the aggressive stage naturally, although severe infection was induced temporarily in certain experiments by enclosing the plots in plastic-covered boxes after inoculation with fungus. Increasing the recommended dose of BAS352-04F but not Benlate resulted in improved control and applying either chemical twice was preferable to a single application. Control by BAS352-04F was sometimes better than Benlate in the early days after infection whereas the reverse was true later. These results are in keeping with their roles as contact, and systemic and contact fungicides respectively. In these small experiments, with low levels of infection, the use of fungicides did not result in significant increases in yield or yield components.

Economic Evaluation of Glyphosate-Resistant and Conventional Sugar Beet

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Kniss ◽  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Alex R. Martin ◽  
Paul A. Burgener ◽  
Dillon M. Feuz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Sugar Beet Cultivar ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Field experiments were conducted near Scottsbluff, NE, in 2001 and 2002 to compare economic aspects of glyphosate applied to different glyphosate-resistant sugar beet cultivars with that of conventional herbicide programs applied to near-equivalent, non–glyphosate-resistant conventional cultivars. Glyphosate applied two or three times at 2-wk intervals, beginning when weeds were 10 cm tall, provided excellent weed control, yield, and net economic return regardless of the glyphosate-resistant sugar beet cultivar. All conventional herbicide treatments resulted in similar net economic returns. Although the conventional sugar beet cultivars ‘HM 1640’ and ‘Beta 4546’ responded similarly to herbicide treatments with respect to sucrose content, ‘Beta 4546RR’ produced roots with 1% more sucrose than ‘HM 1640RR’. When averaged over herbicide treatments, a producer planting Beta 4546RR could afford to pay US $185/ha more for glyphosate-resistant technology as could a producer planting HM 1640RR. When averaged over cultivars and herbicide treatments, it is estimated that a producer could afford to pay an additional US $385/ha for glyphosate-resistant technology without decreasing net return.

scholarly journals Effect of cinmethylin against Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. in winter cereals

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Miriam Messelhäuser ◽  
Marcus Saile ◽  
Bernd Sievernich ◽  
Roland Gerhards
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Late Sowing

Cinmethylin is a potential new pre-emergence herbicide in Europe inhibiting the fatty acid thioesterases in the plastid against Alopecurus myosuroides and other grass-weeds in winter cereals and oil-seed rape. Five field experiments were conducted in Southwestern Germany from 2018 until 2020 to assess the control efficacy of cinmethylin and other common pre-emergence herbicides alone and combined with post-emergence herbicides against A. myosuroides and yield response of winter wheat and winter triticale. In four experiments, the effect of early and late sowing of winter cereals was included as the second factor in the experiment to investigate if late sowing can reduce A. myosuroides density weed control efficacy. All fields were heavily infested with A. myosuroides with average<br /> densities of 110–730 plants/m<sup>2</sup>. Late sowing reduced densities in three out of four experiments. Herbicides controlled 42–100% of the A. myosuroides plants. However, none of the treatments was consistently better than the other treatments over all experiments. In three out of 5 experiments, grain yields were significantly increased by the herbicide treatments. The results demonstrate that cinmethylin increases the options for controlling A. myosuroides in winter cereals. However, it needs to be combined with other control tactics.  

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