scholarly journals Reliability and Effectiveness of Sprinkler Systems in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (80) ◽  
pp. 25-44
Author(s):  
Piotr Tofiło ◽  
Adam Młynarz
Keyword(s):  
Safety Culture ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Sprinkler Systems ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

The article presents research on the reliability and effectiveness of sprinkler systems in selected countries around the world as well as results of similar studies conducted in Poland based on the data of the State Fire Service. First discussed are the specifics of analysed data and the problems regarding its acquisition and presentation in a simplified form without proper reflection and the assessment of its specificity, quality, detail, uncertainty and completeness. The next step presents the methodology of detailed data analysis based on full description of fire events and the segregation of fire events into separate subcategories. Such an analysis allowed the presumption that in the five-year period 2013–2017, in 94.4% of relevant fire events sprinkler systems in Poland have demonstrated the achievement of their intended goals. This result is similar to the results achieved in other countries known for high level of fire safety culture (USA, UK, Sweden). In the author’s opinion, this proves the high immanent reliability of these systems, which results from their simple construction and proper maintenance, and not from the country in which they were installed. Taking into account these results, it is recommended that Poland should update its regulations in a manner similar to that of developed countries, so that they take into account in a greater extent the protective value and characteristics of sprinkler systems and the benefits resulting from their application. It is also recommended to increase the detail of publicly collected data on fire protection systems in buildings because better knowledge about the characteristics of these systems in Poland may allow achieving an even higher level of their reliability and effectiveness.

scholarly journals Nutrition and cancer – global and African perspectives: a focused update

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Nutritional Transition ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lower Income Countries

The burden of cancer worldwide is predicted to almost double by 2030 to nearly 23 million cases annually. The great majority of this increase is expected to occur in less economically developed countries, where access to expensive medical, surgical and radiotherapeutic interventions is likely to be limited to a small proportion of the population. This emphasises the need for preventive measures, as outlined in the declaration from the United Nations 2011 High Level Meeting on Non-communicable Diseases. The rise in incidence is proposed to follow from increasing numbers of people reaching middle and older ages, together with increasing urbanisation of the population with a nutritional transition from traditional diets to a more globalised ‘Western’ pattern, with a decrease in physical activity. This is also expected to effect a change in the pattern of cancers from a predominantly smoking and infection dominated one, to a smoking and obesity dominated one. The World Cancer Research Fund estimates that about a quarter to a third of the commonest cancers are attributable to excess body weight, physical inactivity and poor diet, making this the most common cause of cancers after smoking. These cancers are potentially preventable, but knowledge of the causes of cancer has not led to effective policies to prevent the export of a ‘Western’ pattern of cancers in lower income countries such as many in Africa.

Health care of Cyprus

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
On This Island ◽  
The World ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
High Level

In terms of its efficiency and accessibility, the health care of Cyprus is not inferior in many ways to the systems of medical care in a number of developed countries of the world. By placing the main emphasis on the organization of preventive care, the Cypriots were able to achieve quite a high level of life expectancy — 85 years for women and 81 years for men. Due to its excellent geographical position and mild climate, the country has a special attraction in terms of medical tourism, the most popular areas of which are plastic cosmetology, dentistry, and reproductive medicine. Foreigners who come for medical services have the opportunity not only to improve their health, but also to have a wonderful rest, enjoy Mediterranean cuisine, golden sandy beaches and blessed sunshine. Fortunately, nature provides all the opportunities for this — scientists say that at least 300 days a year are sunny on this island.

scholarly journals Human factor in the strategy of sustainable leadership of PJSC Gazprom

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Nina M. Baranova ◽  
Sergey N. Larin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Sustainable Leadership ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Near Future ◽  
World Ranking

Gazproms human capital (as HDI) is one of the most important resources of the corporation, which ensures its competitive strength in the Russian and international energy market. One of the main goals of PJSC Gazprom is the formation of a highly professional, responsible and cohesive team that effectively develops projects and solves a variety of tasks not only at the corporate level, but the country and the world. Therefore, the assessment of PJSC Gazprom staff readiness for the competition of the corporation in the domestic and external markets is relevant. Modeling the level of development of the enterprises human capital, based on the example of Gazprom corporation, according to certain indicators, determining their role in the development and competitiveness of the organization. To conduct the study, the works of scientists were analyzed, official data of the annual reports on the activities of PJSC Gazprom in the field of sustainable development for 2000-2018 were used. In order to assess the readiness of the corporation's human capital to sustainable development of the enterprise, a regression analysis and an econometric study were carried out using the MS Excel and Eviews10 application software packages. As a result of the study, it was found that a positive corporate human capital has a significant impact on competitiveness and an increase in the companys value and the constructed model for assessing companys human capital, based on the example of PJSC Gazprom, enables to make a forecast for the near future. Russia has occupied 49 place in the World Ranking (HDI = 0.824) in 2019 in terms of the level of development of the human capital according to the World Bank and has got into a very high level of development. Despite this fact, Russian HDI in World Ranking occupies only 46% against 70% of developed countries. World Bank experts claims, it will take Russia about 100 years to catch up with developed countries on this indicator. Russia does not have that kind of time, so the country has actively joined on every front. Obviously, the human capital of each corporation makes a certain contribution to changing the human capital of the country in one direction or another, and the human capital of PJSC Gazprom is able to significantly increase this indicator.

scholarly journals Economic Security Management of Insurance Services Market of Ukraine: The Theoretical Aspects and Practical Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (523) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
R. V. Kobko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article is aimed at defining the theoretical aspects of managing the economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, searching for ways to develop special practical recommendations to solve the outlined problem. In the context of transformational changes and globalization metamorphoses, the issue of ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market in Ukraine is one of the priorities. The article discusses the risk factors influencing the provision of a high level of economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, analyzes the mechanisms for managing the economic security of the insurance services market. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of models of the State regulation of economic security of the insurance services market of the countries of the world, which helps to form the main emphasis on the state of development of the insurance services market of Ukraine. The practice of developed countries of the world indicates the inadmissibility of such a mechanism for ensuring economic balance as insurance premiums, and the need to focus on the formation of insurance reserves. Based on the practice of the developed countries of the world, it is advisable to summarize the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of the insurance services market as a single system, monitoring of which will ensure systematic economic development, quick managerial decisions in transformational conditions and attraction of investment funds for long-term strategic planning. In addition, the article draws a parallel between ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market and the development of the Ukrainian economy in the context of a rapid change in external influence factors, involving priority mechanisms for ensuring the long-term investment development of the country. The main directions of improvement of the State regulation of economic security of insurance services market are proposed.

Information Technology and Economic Development in Developing Countries

2011 ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Muhammed Karatas ◽  
Selahattin Bekmez
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Within last decades, there were very high level of increase of information technology production. This production successfully speeds up technological changes in only developed countries. Such a situation results use of existing knowledge as input in production of new knowledge in monopoly of developed countries. Developing countries are, however, still struggling with their own socio-politic and/or socio-economic problems. This process create a bigger technological gap between developed and developing countries. One of the reasons for that is lack of physical and human capital in developing countries. This is common problem in the world and necessary precautions should be taken in timely manner. This study discusses the problematic issues of information technology creation in both developed and developing countries and suggest some solutions.

scholarly journals The digitalization as a global trend and growth factor of the modern economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 07004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Kravchenko ◽  
Maryna Leshchenko ◽  
Dariia Marushchak ◽  
Yuriy Vdovychenko ◽  
Svitlana Boguslavska
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
High Level

The phenomenon of the digitalization in the world economy is investigated in the article. The digital economy is the most important engine of innovation, competitiveness and economic growth in the world. The specific features of the modern digital economy are determined. The main indicators of measuring the level of digital economy are analyzed, the world countries’ leaders are defined. Study shows that each of the indexes has different methodological approaches to determining the level of digitalization and contains various factors. Highly developed countries have the best level of digitization of their own economies, because they have high-quality access to the Internet, a high level of scientific and technological capacity development and wide information access. The indicators of Ukraine as a digital economy are analyzed. Article shows that Ukraine as a European country is only at the beginning of its development of a high-quality digital economy. The links between national economy’s macroeconomic indicators development connecting with innovations are established.

The experience of different countries in the fight against the coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Konstantin Robertovich Gulyabin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
National Disaster

The coronavirus pandemic was the first epidemic to hit humanity in the 21st century and a serious challenge to health care systems around the world, most of which were completely unprepared for such a scale of the problem. Starting in China at the end of 2019, the infection quickly spread around the world. Different countries have taken unprecedented measures of various content aimed at curbing the coronavirus: some put an emphasis on strict isolation and separation of people, others - on mass testing, and some - on self-isolation of citizens arriving from abroad. Meanwhile, social measures proved more effective than medical measures in some cases. In the developed countries of East and Southeast Asia, due to the sufficient awareness of citizens and a high level of trust in the ruling authorities, the measures to contain the epidemic were very successful, while in some countries of South America and India the epidemic has become a national disaster. Almost two years after the start of the pandemic, it is still too early to speak about any meaningful predictions, however, thanks to the mass vaccination that has begun in most countries, the prospect of containing the further spread of the infection is becoming real.

Global Crisis Financial Policies

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Artan Nimani ◽  
Shpetim Rezniqi ◽  
Valbona Zeqiraj ◽  
Nevruz Zogu
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Living

The current crisis has swept the world with special emphasis, most developed countries, those countries which have most gross -product world and you have a high level of living. Even those who are not experts can describe the consequences of the crisis to see the reality that is seen, but how far will it go this crisis is impossible to predict. Even the biggest experts have conjecture and large divergence, but agree on one thing:- The devastating effects of this crisis will be more severe than ever before and can not be predicted. Long time, the world was dominated economic theory of free market laws. With the belief that the market is the regulator of all economic problems. The market, as river water will flow to find the best and will find the necessary solution best. Therefore much less state market barriers, less state intervention and market itself is an economic self regulation.

scholarly journals Internet-marketing as composition of the electronic commerce

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (86) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
M. Dorosh-Kizym ◽  
O. Dadak ◽  
T. Gachek
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

At the present stage of civilization, information plays a key role in the functioning of public, state institutions and in the life of each individual. The rapid development of modern information technologies plays an important role in various spheres of life, activates civil and business turnover and promotes the movement of entrepreneurship in the direction of globalization. In connection with the continuous development of information networks, there are new social institutions, such as e-commerce. At present, the leading economies of the world and highly developed countries demonstrate the rapid development of electronic trading mechanisms, moreover, information technologies are actively used in all sectors of the modern world the economy. Therefore, society gradually evolves, adapts to changes and goes to a noticeably high level of economic relations. And from that how fast the changes in mechanisms in the traditional form of trade depend the efficiency of introducing electronic technologies into the economy. The global e-commerce market is growing year by year. This is facilitated by the deeper penetration of the World Wide Web in different regions and the growth of online sales in the existing markets. The Internet network is an entire industry that quickly penetrates all areas of human activity. Right now, this industry is in a rapid growth phase. A huge number of companies around the world see the Internet a great commercial potential and the ability to move their business to a qualitatively new level. In most countries, e-commerce has become widespread and has opened up incredible opportunities for business and economic development. Annually, the global e-commerce market is growing. This is due to the fact that information technology is taking on an increasingly important role in the life of a modern person. Ukraine is trying to meet world progress, but in the development of e-commerce is far behind the others. Undoubtedly, in our country there are favorable preconditions for the development of e-commerce. At the same time, there are a number of factors that are serious problems for the domestic development of this type of business. In recent years, e-commerce has been able to penetrate practically all spheres of life of the population and in Ukraine. The domestic e-commerce market is only at the inception stage, but at the same time it has a significant potential for development. According to expert estimates, in the past 2017, the turnover of physical goods and services in e-commerce has increased by 30% and now makes at least UAH 50 billion. In 2018, the growth rate will continue and the turnover of physical goods and services in e-commerce will be about 65 billion USD.

scholarly journals Prerequisites for evolution of fertility and reproductive behavior: world and Russian experience

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Oxana Rudneva ◽  
Alexandr Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Demographic Policy

Depopulation of the population and decrease in fertility is an urgent problem of modern Russia and the world. However, birth rate is not the main factor determining decline in country's population. At present, fertility, as a biological factor, acquires a social content and is regulated by a set of social, religious and other norms. There is an active trend of reducing the number of children in families across the world. If in 1960 a woman had an average of 5 children during her life, by 2019 the figure was half as low—2.4. The main reasons are development of the scientific and social progress, changes in the economic system, decline in mortality (including infant), women's involvement in the economy along with the spread of education for women, increasing maternal age at first birth. The countries with increasing economic and social development have faced the threat of depopulation. In Russia, as in many economically developed countries, total fertility rate is lower than the level of natural reproduction of a generation. The number of such countries has grown from 13 in 1970 to 123 in 2018, with a total population of 3.97 billion people or 51.7% of humanity. Pronatalist measures are prevailing in the Russian demographic policy. The main demographic danger for Russia is not low birth rate, but high level of mortality (including from external causes), low life expectancy (especially for men), high level of morbidity (including "social" diseases) and others. Innovative technologic development is an important factor determining the State policy along with reduction in the birth rate. The economy will not need many workers. It is necessary to strengthen automation and robotization of production facilities. Thus, the priority of the future demographic policy should not be the number of people, but the quality of human capital.

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