scholarly journals Oceny w opisie znaczenia jednostek leksykalnych – wybrane problemy

2021 ◽  
Vol LXXVII (77) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
MAGDALENA DANIELEWICZOWA
Keyword(s):  
Present Author ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Description ◽  
Lexical Unit

Autorka artykułu stawia tezę, że po pierwsze, czynności związane z oceną kogoś lub czegoś są prymarnie lingwistyczne. Po drugie, ocena w ściśle aksjologicznym sensie tego słowa powinna być odróżniona od wartościowań i innych oszacowań. Po trzecie, oceny zawartej w znaczeniu jednostki leksykalnej nie należy zrównywać z rozmaitymi cechami, które ta jednostka konotuje pragmatycznie. Po czwarte, błędem jest identyfikowanie komponentów oceniających z efektami emotywnymi lub ekspresywnymi. Cechy semantyczne związane z ocenami mogą być zlokalizowane w różnych miejscach struktury semantycznej: zarówno w jej tematycznej, jak i rematycznej części. W słownikach wygodnie jest opisywać oceny dane rematycznie przy użyciu stosownych kwalifikatorów, np. pejor ‘pejoratywne’ i amelior ‘amelioratywne’. Evaluations in the semantic description of lexical units: selected problems Summary: The present author puts forward the thesis that (1) activities related to the evaluation of someone or something are primarily linguistic, (2) an evaluation in the strictly axiological sense of the word should be distinguished from other estimates, (3) an evaluation embedded in the meaning of a lexical unit should not be equated with the various features that this unit connotes pragmatically and (4) it is wrong to identify evaluation components with emotive or expressive effects. The semantic features related to evaluations can be located in various places within the semantic structure of an expression, i.e. in both its thematic and rhematic parts. In dictionaries, it is convenient to employ rhematic evaluations which make use of appropriate qualifiers, e.g. pejor ‘pejorative’ and amelior ‘ameliorative’.

scholarly journals DESCRIPTIVE VERBAL-NOMINAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH CAUSATIVE SEMANTICS IN MODERN RUSSIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Evgenia N. Laguzova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Formal Expression ◽  
Causative Constructions ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

The article discusses descriptive verbal-nominal constructions with causative verbal components. The relevance of the study is due to the attention of modern linguistics to the problem of analyticism in the Russian language grammar, the lack of study of the structural and semantic features of analytical constructions with causatives. The novelty of the work consists in identifying the features of the semantic structure of sentences with causative verbal components. A feature of causative DVNC is recognized as dismembered semantics. Two varieties of causative constructions formed by descriptive verbal-nominal constructions are distinguished – sentences with arbitrary and automatic causation. The description of statements draws attention to the main semantic components – causative and causable subjects, methods of their formal expression. Differences in the semantic structure of sentences with spontaneous and automatic causation are shown. The purposefulness of causative action in sentences with spontaneous causation and indirectness of influence in sentences with automatic causation are due to the semantic features of the main components of causative statements with DVNC – the causative and causable subject. Constructions with spontaneous causation form polysubject monopropositive, DVNC with automatic causation form polysubject polypropositive structures. The peculiarity of the semantic structure of additional statements of DVNC unpretentious forms – participal – with causative semantics was noted. In sentences with DVNC unpretentious forms, the incentive is mitigated. Additional statements with DVNC form polypropositive constructions. The development of verbal-nominal constructions with causatives is associated with a tendency to analyticism, characteristic of the modern Russian language grammar. The materials of the article will be used in lexicographic practice – when compiling a dictionary of descriptive verbal-nominal constructions, in teaching special courses on the problem of nomination.

scholarly journals Conceptualization of Shame and Remorse in the Even Linguistic World View

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
R. P. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
World View ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Descriptive Method

The article introduces a comprehensive analysis of the key concepts in the Even linguistic world view, i.e. shame and remorse. These concepts are represented by the following lexical units in the Even dialects: haldyun has analogies in all languages of the Tungus-Manchu group; nyumar, nyumarin and khadarin are recorded in the Eastern dialect of the Even language; kherkehyi is common in the Lamunkhin dialect. The semantic structure of these lexemes is complex and includes similar concepts of shyness, embarrassment, modesty, and humbleness. The work used the descriptive method, the continuous sampling method, and the conceptual analysis, as well as the methods of definition (highlighting semantic features), etymological analysis, collecting and processing of field data. In the national consciousness of the Even, shame and remorse are concepts that reflect the assessment of one’s behavior in society and attitude to the world. In addition, they also demonstrate strong emotional content.

scholarly journals The structure and semantics of the early lyrics of Diman Belekov

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Dedina
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Native Land ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Entire Complex

The article analyzes the semantic features of D. Belekov's early lyrics, identifies the figurative and spatial dominants represented in the author's artistic world. In the temporal designation, the semantic structure is actualized in a series of images associated with spring, and primroses, a blooming apple tree, murmuring streams of meltwater, fields with thawed patches, etc., creating a holistic picture of the awakening nature, metaphorically embody the image of the younger generation. Toponymically and geographically, the dominant image is the image of the native land, which includes the entire complex of symbols-markers characteristic of the designation of the territory of Gorniy Altai (Altai Mountains). If the homeland for the lyrical hero of the poet becomes a source of strength and inspiration, then for his development he needs a movement understood as the development of the "other" space, actualized in the generalized image of blue distances and a crowded city with bright lights. The central theme in the poet's lyrics is the theme of the road, embodied in the motives of departure and return.

scholarly journals What psych verbs and other verbs disclose about the role of Semantic Prominence and Thematic Hierarchy in affixal selection

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Alexandra Soares Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Psych Verbs

This paper analyses the construction of deverbal adjectives in European Portuguese, focusing on the interface between morphology and semantics, specifically on the role of Thematic Hierarchy and Semantic Prominence on affixal selection.Supported by paradigmatic morphology, the paper shows that suffixes that work in macro-paradigms of deverbal adjectives establish a relationship with specific semantic features of the lexical-semantic structure of the base verb in order to construct the derivative. The analysis concludes that suffixes are sensitive to thematic hierarchy, which is based on the semantic prominence of features of the verbs’ theta-roles at work in the paradigm. Data from psych verbs is highly relevant to this finding.The paper is dedicated to Professor Ana Maria Brito, who has always been keenly aware that scientific knowledge is not confined to a specific theory.

scholarly journals The functions of the acoustic images in the early prose works of Alexander Grin

Rhema ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Solntseva ◽  
Zhang Rui
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Acoustic Images ◽  
Plot Structure

The article deals with the phonostylistic and semantic features of acoustic images in the early realist stories of Alexander Grin. The conclusion is made about their important compositional role. Attention is focused on vocabulary with acoustic semantics, as well as onomatopoeia understood as the imitation of both the sound and its meaning. The functions of sound polyphony in the depicting of landscapes and emotional states and in the plot structure are discussed. The role of alliteration, the temporal characteristics of acoustic images, a combination of autologous and associative images, and variable functionality of remarks in dialogs are described. The prosodic features of the narrative are analyzed. The motifs of silence and music and their role in the semantic structure of Grin’s stories are noted.

scholarly journals Structural and Semantic Peculiarities of Verbal Derivatives of Onomasiological Categories

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Olga Migorian ◽  
Tetiana Pavlovych
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
English Language Development ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Lexical Study ◽  
Derivatives Of

During the last century, the development of word-forming issues has been investigated so intensely that today it is possible to state the existance of a number of approaches and its versatile study both in synchrony and diachrony. Some linguists have studied the issues of word formation within etymology, while others have considered the problems of word formation in the context of grammar, focusing on structural analysis. Representatives of the lexical study described predominantly semantic relations between different structural units. Confirmation of the theory of interaction of different linguistic levels was the study of structural and semantic relations in oppositional pairs of "forming lexical unit – derivative". The main task of historical and onomasiological research, which is the basis of our research is to reveal the nature of the semantic structure of the concept; to trace the basic tendencies of the historical development of the prefixal way of word formation in English, the change of its semantic boundaries and the basic structures from epoch to epoch. The linguistic form of content is a word in general and a derivative in particular. The article presents an attempt to investigate the dynamics of efficiency of structural and semantic patterns of verbal prefixal derivatives within onomasiological categories during four periods of the English language development.

scholarly journals LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC FIELD «ERDÖLKRISE» IN GERMAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Oksana Riba-Hrynyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
World Market ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
The World ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
General Scientific

The results of the study of the lexical and semantic field «Erdölkrise» in German are presented in the article. The field structure of the oil industry terminology and the place of the «Erdölkrise» professional lexical unit, its definitive meaning and origin are characterized. Newspaper and magazine professional articles and television reviews of the economic and socio-political situation in the world in the spring of 2020 were the factual material of the study. Corpus of terms, related to the key concept of «Erdölkrise», is considered as a terminological field in the German-speaking terminology of the oil industry the components of which have been sampled using a semantic-logical criterion. The oil industry's terminology for the term under study is a «field» that gives it precision and uniqueness and beyond which the word loses its characteristic of the term. With regard to the key term «Erdöl», the professional lexical unit «Ölkrise» will be a peripheral, that is, an interdisciplinary term of oil, economic and socio-political terminology. The Erdölkrise terminological field is characterized as a core and margin structure. The core of the field is formed by terms that denote the relationship in the world market and the features of decrease in demand for oil and drop of prices. The periphery of the terminological field is represented by general scientific and economic terms. On the basis of logical and conceptual and subject-semantic features, four lexical-thematic groups are distinguished: basic parameters, oil production and refining, pricing policy, world community. The word-forming types of the studied terms are analyzed: terms-compound words, terms-phrases and terms-abbreviations. The systematic system of the oil industry's terminology and the role of the lexical and semantic field «Erdölkrise», which reflects the interdependence and hierarchy of all concepts of the oil industry, are substantiated.

scholarly journals The Identification of Stereotypes in the Artistic Text

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1387-1400
Author(s):  
Vira Burak
Keyword(s):  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Semantic Complexity

Stereotypes are an extremely complex object of research. Mental construction cannot be static. Old stereotypes slowly change, new ones appear and with the help of various codes (linguistic, cultural, literary) the author encrypts all of this into the artistic text. Besides the existence of linguistically expressed but not linguistically fixed stereotypes in artistic texts, stable stereotypes undergo different modifications of sense and verbalization forms. The ultimate goal of the research is to identify the factors which determine the form and the meaning of stereotypes verbalizers; to carry out a functional differentiation of linguistic signs that refer to these conventional referents in Ukrainian, Polish and British realist prose. Stabilized stereotypes are fixed by nominations of different structural and semantic complexity. Within the limits of the semantic structure of a nomination there is a hierarchy of semantic features: their typicality, frequency of functioning and, hence - stereotypicality - decreases from the center towards the periphery. In the core zone, semantics of a stereotype coincides with the semantics of a prototype. Stereotypes with different degree of conventionality and communicative relevance are explicated in artistic texts with the help of structurally different nominative and communicative units.

scholarly journals THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF THE "GOD'S FOOL" CONCEPT IN THE ESSAY "PEPINIERE" BY I. A. GONCHAROV

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Gulzada Bagautdinova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Word Usage ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Boris Godunov

The article attempts to analyze the semantic structure of the “God’s fool” concept in the essay Pepiniere by I. A. Goncharov. As a term, this concept is interpreted from the point of view of culturology. The essay reveals the basic structural components of the “God's fool” concept, as well as its core and additional semantic features. The author of the article believes that the religious component is embodied in the structure of the concept one way or another, but is not reflected directly in the word usage. The “God's fool” lexeme mainly comprises various secular meanings that are expressed via metaphors, repetitions and comparisons. The specific nature of the “God's fool” concept in I. A. Goncharov's Pepiniere is revealed in its periphery, which is formed by certain artistic techniques and categories (intertextual exchanges, comic elements). For instance, the function of the quote of Friday's nomination from Daniel Defoe's The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe; Written by Himself, as well as the comparative quote from Boris Godunov by A. S. Pushkin are considered in this article. Furthermore, quoting is an artistic technique that creates the game motive, to which I. A. Goncharov resorts indirectly. The gaming component not only creates and emphasizes the comical element, but also serves as one of the writer's artistic principles that contributes to the creation of the harmonious, negentropic worldview. The study of I. A. Goncharov's sphere of concepts allows to identify not so much the variability of the writer's worldview as its invariability.

Meaning and semantic composition

2019 ◽  
pp. 276-321
Author(s):  
Mary Dalrymple ◽  
John J. Lowe ◽  
Louise Mycock
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Linear Logic ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Composition ◽  
Tense And Aspect

This chapter explores the theory of the relation between syntax and meaning, examining how the meaning of an utterance is determined on the basis of its syntactic structure. The existence of a separate level of semantic structure or s-structure, related to the f-structure by a correspondence function is assumed. Some previous LFG approaches to semantics and the syntax-semantics interface are briefly reviewed before an introduction to the glue approach to semantic composition (Section 8.5). This approach, which is adopted in the rest of the book, provides a firm theoretical foundation for the discussions and analyses that are presented. The properties of thefragment of linear logic that are used in this book are introduced in Section 8.7. A detailed account of the semantics of quantification within the glue approach is provided in Section 8.8. The representation of semantic features is discussed in Section 8.9, and how to represent tense and aspect inSection 8.10.

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