scholarly journals Epigenetic: New Insight in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Dalfrà ◽  
Silvia Burlina ◽  
Annunziara Lapolla
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
In Utero Environment ◽  
Metabolic Complication ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
Profile Changes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the more frequent metabolic complication of pregnancy with a prevalence that is significantly increased in the last decade accounting for 12–18% of all pregnancies. Recent evidences strongly suggests that epigenetic profile changes could be involved in the onset of GDM and its related maternal and fetal complications. In particular, the unfavorable intrauterine environment related to hyperglycemia, a feature of GDM, has been evidenced to exert a negative impact on the establishment of the epigenome of the offspring. Furthermore the adverse in utero environment could be one of the mechanisms engaged in the development of adult chronic diseases. The purpose of this article is to review a number of published studies to fill the gap in our understanding of how maternal lifestyle and intrauterine environment influence molecular modifications in the offspring, with an emphasis on epigenetic alterations.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Alterations Related to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9462
Author(s):  
Jorge Valencia-Ortega ◽  
Renata Saucedo ◽  
Martha A. Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
José G. Cruz-Durán ◽  
Edgar G. Ramos Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Metabolic Complication

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication in pregnancy, which affects the future health of both the mother and the newborn. Its pathophysiology involves nutritional, hormonal, immunological, genetic and epigenetic factors. Among the latter, it has been observed that alterations in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) methylation patterns and in the levels of certain micro RNAs, whether in placenta or adipose tissue, are related to well-known characteristics of the disease, such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, inflammation and excessive placental growth. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations of gestational diabetes mellitus are observable in maternal blood, although their pathophysiological roles are completely unknown. Despite this, it has not been possible to determine the causes of the epigenetic characteristics of GDM, highlighting the need for integral and longitudinal studies. Based on this, this article summarizes the most relevant and recent studies on epigenetic alterations in placenta, adipose tissue and maternal blood associated with GDM in order to provide the reader with a general overview of the subject and indicate future research topics.

scholarly journals The Possible Role of Epigenetics in Gestational Diabetes: Cause, Consequence, or Both

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Fernández-Morera ◽  
S. Rodríguez-Rodero ◽  
E. Menéndez-Torre ◽  
M. F. Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Intrauterine Environment

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as the glucose intolerance that is not present or recognized prior to pregnancy. Several risk factors of GDM depend on environmental factors that are thought to regulate the genome through epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, epigenetic regulation could be involved in the development of GDM. In addition, the adverse intrauterine environment in patients with GDM could also have a negative impact on the establishment of the epigenomes of the offspring.

scholarly journals Effects of pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index on gestational diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.9) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Shirley Muller ◽  
M Nirmala
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Good Glycaemic Control ◽  
Fetal Complications

The prevalence of both obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. Overweight and obesity are abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. The presence of obesity has, in particular, a significant impact on both maternal and fetal complications associated with GDM. These complications can be addressed, at least in part, by good glycaemic control during pregnancy. The objective of the study is to classify GDM and non-GDM patients based on pre-pregnancy maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) and to assess and quantify the risk for GDM according to BMI.

scholarly journals Early Gestational Diabetes Detection Using Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tanzina Rahman Hera ◽  
Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan ◽  
Nishu Nath
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Develop Type ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Fifty percent of GDM patients develop type 2 Diabetes in next twenty years and as well as the newborn can also be affected by diabetes in their lifetime. So the long term complications for both the mother and the child cannot be ignored. In view of maternal morbidity and mortality as well as fetal complications, early diagnosis is an utmost necessity in the present scenario. In developing country like Bangladesh, early detection and prevention is not cost effective and usually troublesome. So, there is an urgent need for a well-designed method for the detection of gestational diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to predict the GDM in the first trimester. This research presents and compares some Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models on the early detection of Gestational diabetes mellitus and chooses the best neural network model among them to detect GDM early.

scholarly journals Negative impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on progress of pelvic floor muscle electromyography activity: Cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0223261
Author(s):  
Caroline B. Prudencio ◽  
Marilza V. C. Rudge ◽  
Fabiane A. Pinheiro ◽  
Carlos I. Sartorão Filho ◽  
Sthefanie K. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscle

scholarly journals First Trimester Potential Biochemical Predictive Tests for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soodabeh Darvish ◽  
Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari ◽  
Simin Haghdoost
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Predictive Tests ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Metabolic Complication ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication during pregnancy. So, a large number of studies have evaluated the usefulness of different screening tests. The aim of this study was focused on the potential of only first-trimester screening used in the prediction of GDM. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus (between 2010 and 2020) and also searched the reference lists of the relevant articles manually. After performing a thorough evaluation of the 242 potentially eligible papers, only 60 papers were selected in terms of the inclusion criteria. Search key terms were combining ‘Gestational diabetes’ or ‘GD’ “gestational diabetes mellitus” or” GDM” or pregnancy-induced diabetes’ with at least one of the following terms: “screening test”, “first-trimester”, “prediction”, “marker predictor”, “serum marker”. Results: A total of 161954 pregnant women were evaluated in these reviewed studies. Moreover, many tests were assessed in the first trimester of pregnancy to predict GDM. This review showed that hs-CRP, FPG, TG, and LDL-C along with maternal BMI in the first trimester were related to the increased risk of developing GDM. Other tests were used in only one or two studies. Conclusion: This review showed that hs-CRP, FPG, TG, and LDL-C along with maternal BMI in the first trimester were linked to an increased risk of developing GDM. It is recommended that further well-designed studies by considering the cost-effective advantages of these predictive tests, should be performed.

scholarly journals A prospective study on gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4972
Author(s):  
Poovathi M. ◽  
S. Gayathri Devi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fetal Complications

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance identified for the first-time during pregnancy. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder among pregnant woman with rising incidence in recent years. Various risk factors are associated with this disorder leading to maternal and neonatal mortality. About 5% of the pregnancies are complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that one in six live birth (16.8%) are to women with some form of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM in present study is 4.326%. Not only obesity but also overweight women have greatly increased risk of developing gestational diabetes.Methods: This includes study all cases of gestational diabetes mellitus admitted in the Department of Obstetrics, Government Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital attached to K.A.P.V medical college, Trichy. This study has been conducted from January 2018 to June 2018.Fetal complications in infants born to diabetic mothers were studied. Maternal complications related to Gestational diabetes were also studied.Results: The total deliveries during this period were found to be 4085 of which 175 patients where diagnosed to have Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, thus the incidence accounts for 4.326%.The incidence in 20 to 25 years age group was around 67 which accounted for 37.3%. Most cases less than 20 years were found to be pregestational diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of GDM in present study is 4.326%. The maternal complications like vaginal infections accounted to 11.4%, gestational hypertension accounts to 14.3%, polyhydramnios to 17.1%. Regarding the fetal complications incidence of intrauterine death at term was around 8% and neonatal complications included hyperbiliribinemia 11.4%, hypoglycaemia, 6.7%, respiratory distress syndrome 5.75%.Conclusions: Gestational diabetes was associated with increased adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.

scholarly journals An Update of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Flavia Cristina Vasile ◽  
Agnesa Preda ◽  
Adela Gabriela Ștefan ◽  
Mihaela Ionela Vladu ◽  
Mircea-Cătălin Forțofoiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Medical Nutrition

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious and frequent pregnancy complication that can lead to short and long-term risks for both mother and fetus. Different health organizations proposed different algorithms for the screening, diagnosis, and management of GDM. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT), together with physical exercise and frequent self-monitoring, represents the milestone for GDM treatment in order to reduce maternal and fetal complications. The pregnant woman should benefit from her family support and make changes in their lifestyles, changes that, in the end, will be beneficial for the whole family. The aim of this manuscript is to review the literature about the Medical Nutrition Therapy in GDM and its crucial role in GDM management.

scholarly journals Study on knowledge about gestational diabetes mellitus and its risk factors among antenatal mothers attending care, urban Chidambaram

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4388
Author(s):  
D. Lakshmi ◽  
A. John William Felix ◽  
R. Devi ◽  
M. Manobharathi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Fetal Complications

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing epidemiological problem. GDM is defined as the glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Treatment of GDM is important to avoid maternal and fetal complications. The objectives of this study was to assess the knowledge about GDM among antenatal mothers and to find out the association between knowledge and demographic factors.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was done among 191 antenatal mothers in Maternity Health Centre and Government Hospital, Chidambaram during September 2017. A pre tested questionnaire was used to assess knowledge about GDM among all antenatal mothers attending OP.Results: Among the participants, 49.2% were in the age group of 21–25 years, 93.7% of them were housewives, 56.0% of them have studied up to higher secondary level and 72.8% of them were living in rural areas. In this study it was found that 35.2% of the participants had adequate knowledge about GDM and 21.5% had adequate knowledge about its risk factors. Education and residence were found to be associated with knowledge and risk factors of GDM which is statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: The knowledge of antenatal women on GDM was just average. There is a need for training the physicians, paramedical people, and public regarding GDM. Health education programs must be conducted to improve the awareness among antenatal women for better utilization of health services. A regular screening of GDM among all pregnant women should be promoted in all health centres.

scholarly journals Gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy increased erythropoietin level affecting differentiation potency of haematopoietic stem cell of umbilical cord blood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlina Nordin ◽  
Mohd Razif Mohd Idris ◽  
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽  
S Fadilah Abd Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Utero Environment

Abstract Background The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors play big roles in haematopoietic mechanisms. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC in terms of differentiation potency including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes. Methods UCB-HSC was isolated and further enriched using immuno-magnetic separation beads (MACS). The UCB-HSC were cultured in methylcellulose media to investigate the differentiation potency. The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin in the UCB plasma was measured using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique. Results The UCB parameters; volume, total nucleated count (TNC) and total CD34+ cells were significantly reduced in the GDM group compared to the control group. The number of HSC progenitors’ colonies were significantly reduced in the GDM group except for progenitor BFU-E, which was significantly increased (GDM=94.19 ± 6.21, Control=73.61 ± 2.73, p=0.010 ). This data was associated with higher EPO level in GDM group. However, the insulin level in the GDM group was comparable to the Control group. Conclusion Our results suggest that the changes in the in utero environment due to abnormalities during pregnancy such as GDM affect the differentiation potency of UCB-HSC. These findings can be considered as an additional parameter for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for UCB banking, particularly for mothers with GDM.

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