scholarly journals Progress, Challenges and Opportunities in Divalent Transition Metal-Doped Cobalt Ferrites Nanoparticles Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Cadar ◽  
Thomas Dippong ◽  
Marin Senila ◽  
Erika-Andrea Levei
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Application Range ◽  
High Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Cobalt Ferrites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Preparation Route ◽  
Metal Doped ◽  
New Applications

Engineered nanomaterials with tailored properties are highly required in a wide range of industrial fields. Consequently, the researches dedicated to the identification of new applications for existing materials and to the development of novel promising materials and cost effective, eco-friendly synthesis methods gained considerable attention in the last years. Cobalt ferrite is one of the nanomaterials with a wide application range due to its unique properties such as high electrical resistivity, negligible eddy current loss, moderate saturation magnetization, chemical and thermal stability, high Curie temperature and high mechanical hardness. Moreover, its structural, magnetic and electrical properties can be tailored by the selection of preparation route, chemical composition, dopant ions and thermal treatment. This chapter presents the recent applications of nanosized cobalt ferrites doped or co-doped with divalent transition ions such as Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ obtained by various synthesis methods in ceramics, medicine, catalysis, electronics and communications.

scholarly journals Application of biosynthesized metal nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Totka Dodevska ◽  
Dobrin Hadzhiev ◽  
Ivan Shterev ◽  
Yanna Lazarova
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Wide Range

Recently, the development of eco-friendly, cost-effective and reliable methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles has drawn a considerable attention. The so-called green synthesis, using mild reaction conditions and natural resources as plant extracts and microorganisms, has established as a convenient, sustainable, cheap and environmentally safe approach for synthesis of a wide range of nanomaterials. Over the past decade, biosynthesis is regarded as an important tool for reducing the harmful effects of traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods commonly used in laboratories and industry. This review emphasizes the significance of biosynthesized metal nanoparticles in the field of electrochemical sensing. There is increasing evidence that green synthesis of nanoparticles provides a new direction in designing of cost-effective, highly sensitive and selective electrode-catalysts applicable in food, clinical and environmental analysis. The article is based on 157 references and provided a detailed overview on the main approaches for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their applications in designing of electrochemical sensor devices. Important operational characteristics including sensitivity, dynamic range, limit of detection, as well as data on stability and reproducibility of sensors have also been covered. Keywords: biosynthesis; green synthesis; nanomaterials; nanotechnology; modified electrodes

Development of Substrates for Through Glass Vias

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000832-000845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aric Shorey ◽  
Scott Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Thin Glass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Substantial Progress

Through-substrate vias are critical for 3DS-IC integration. The choice of glass as an interposer substrate, TGV, present some interesting challenges and opportunities, making glass a compelling alternative to silicon. There are two primary challenges to begin building a precision interposer in thin glass. The first is high quality thin glass wafers (300 mm OD, thickness 0.05 to 0.10 mm, warp and TTV of 30 μm and 1 μm respectively). The second challenge is developing a process capable of providing small (5–10 μm) precision vias in a cost-effective way. “Glass” represents a large class of materials with a wide range of material properties. The first step in developing TGV is to identify the most appropriate glass composition for the application, which furthermore defines important properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and other mechanical properties, chemical durability and electrical properties. The manufacturing process used to develop the glass has a significant impact on quality and manufacturability. Fusion formed glass provides a solution for high volume manufacturing supply in an as-formed, ultra-thin, pristine glass manufactured to tight tolerances, and avoids the issues associated with polishing or thinning. The supply of 50 μm to 100 μm as-formed ultra-thin glass wafers can compare very favorably in cost relative to polished or thinned glass as well as thinned silicon wafer. While there are many technologies that have demonstrated vias in glass, challenges relating to via size and pitch, wafer strength and reliability remain to be resolved. However, substantial progress has been made to meet these challenges. Specific characterization data from some of these processes to demonstrate vias on the order of 10 μm diameter with a 100 μm glass thickness in alternative glass materials will be presented.

scholarly journals Tandem Synthesis of High Yield MoS2 Nanosheets and Enzyme Peroxidase Mimicking Properties

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Suresh Thangudu ◽  
Mu Tzu Lee ◽  
Sami Rtimi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Science ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
Molybdenum Sulfide ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bulk Mos2

Molybdenum Sulfide nanosheets (MoS2 NSs) have unique properties that allow its use in a wide range of applications. Unfortunately, a lack of green synthesis methods to achieve a high yield remains a challenge after decades. Herein we report a simple, ecofriendly, green and cost-effective approach to synthesize water soluble MoS2 NSs via probe/Tip sonication method. The sequential batch manner pathway allows us to attain a high yield of MoS2 NSs (~100%). The prepared MoS2 NSs were characterized using up-to-date surface science techniques. UV-visible-NIR spectroscopy allowed us to visualize the doublet peaks of pristine MoS2 at 610 and 680 nm concomitant with the inter-band transitions at 394 nm and 460 nm. Using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), the crystallites’ sizes were estimated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy were performed with respect to the bulk MoS2. The energy difference between the Raman peaks revealed that our NSs are formed of 5–6 layers. Further, we explored enzyme peroxidase mimetic properties of the synthesized MoS2 NSs. Results showed that the present MoS2 NSs offer excellent peroxidase mimicking properties. Most importantly, we observed that the optical properties and characteristics of MoS2 NSs synthesized by the current green method are similar to those of MoS2 NSs synthesized using conventional harsh methods reported in the literature. So that we strongly assume that the present method is a green alternative for the existing low yield and harsh experimental procedures to achieve water soluble MoS2 NSs in high yield. The synthesized soluble NSs are promising catalysts for the detection of toxic chemicals in the environment and/or for following enzymatic chromogenic reactions.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles: Applications and Limitations

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 902
Author(s):  
Pritam Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Jatin Kumar ◽  
Amit K. Das ◽  
Soumi Sadhu ◽  
Sunita Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions

The past decade has witnessed a phenomenal rise in nanotechnology research due to its broad range of applications in diverse fields including food safety, transportation, sustainable energy, environmental science, catalysis, and medicine. The distinctive properties of nanomaterials (nano-sized particles in the range of 1 to 100 nm) make them uniquely suitable for such wide range of functions. The nanoparticles when manufactured using green synthesis methods are especially desirable being devoid of harsh operating conditions (high temperature and pressure), hazardous chemicals, or addition of external stabilizing or capping agents. Numerous plants and microorganisms are being experimented upon for an eco–friendly, cost–effective, and biologically safe process optimization. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the green synthesis of metallic NPs using plants and microorganisms, factors affecting the synthesis, and characterization of synthesized NPs. The potential applications of metal NPs in various sectors have also been highlighted along with the major challenges involved with respect to toxicity and translational research.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

Extending the Applicability of the ANI Deep Learning Molecular Potential to Sulfur and Halogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Devereux ◽  
Justin Smith ◽  
Kate Davis ◽  
Kipton Barros ◽  
Roman Zubatyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Potential Energy Surfaces ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Molecular Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Surfaces ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Physical Phenomena

<p>Machine learning (ML) methods have become powerful, predictive tools in a wide range of applications, such as facial recognition and autonomous vehicles. In the sciences, computational chemists and physicists have been using ML for the prediction of physical phenomena, such as atomistic potential energy surfaces and reaction pathways. Transferable ML potentials, such as ANI-1x, have been developed with the goal of accurately simulating organic molecules containing the chemical elements H, C, N, and O. Here we provide an extension of the ANI-1x model. The new model, dubbed ANI-2x, is trained to three additional chemical elements: S, F, and Cl. Additionally, ANI-2x underwent torsional refinement training to better predict molecular torsion profiles. These new features open a wide range of new applications within organic chemistry and drug development. These seven elements (H, C, N, O, F, Cl, S) make up ~90% of drug like molecules. To show that these additions do not sacrifice accuracy, we have tested this model across a range of organic molecules and applications, including the COMP6 benchmark, dihedral rotations, conformer scoring, and non-bonded interactions. ANI-2x is shown to accurately predict molecular energies compared to DFT with a ~10<sup>6</sup> factor speedup and a negligible slowdown compared to ANI-1x. The resulting model is a valuable tool for drug development that can potentially replace both quantum calculations and classical force fields for myriad applications.</p>

The Future of Plasma-Based Surface Engineering Techniques in Tribology (Keynote)

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Matthews ◽  
Adrian Leyland
Keyword(s):  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Macro Scale

Over the past twenty years or so, there have been major steps forward both in the understanding of tribological mechanisms and in the development of new coating and treatment techniques to better “engineer” surfaces to achieve reductions in wear and friction. Particularly in the coatings tribology field, improved techniques and theories which enable us to study and understand the mechanisms occurring at the “nano”, “micro” and “macro” scale have allowed considerable progress to be made in (for example) understanding contact mechanisms and the influence of “third bodies” [1–5]. Over the same period, we have seen the emergence of the discipline which we now call “Surface Engineering”, by which, ideally, a bulk material (the ‘substrate’) and a coating are combined in a way that provides a cost-effective performance enhancement of which neither would be capable without the presence of the other. It is probably fair to say that the emergence and recognition of Surface Engineering as a field in its own right has been driven largely by the availability of “plasma”-based coating and treatment processes, which can provide surface properties which were previously unachievable. In particular, plasma-assisted (PA) physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques, allowing wear-resistant ceramic thin films such as titanium nitride (TiN) to be deposited on a wide range of industrial tooling, gave a step-change in industrial productivity and manufactured product quality, and caught the attention of engineers due to the remarkable cost savings and performance improvements obtained. Subsequently, so-called 2nd- and 3rd-generation ceramic coatings (with multilayered or nanocomposite structures) have recently been developed [6–9], to further extend tool performance — the objective typically being to increase coating hardness further, or extend hardness capabilities to higher temperatures.

scholarly journals Gamma models for estimating the odds ratio for a skewed biomarker measured in pools and subject to errors

Biostatistics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dane R Van Domelen ◽  
Emily M Mitchell ◽  
Neil J Perkins ◽  
Enrique F Schisterman ◽  
Amita K Manatunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ratio Estimation ◽  
Statistical Efficiency ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Processing Error ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pooled Samples

SUMMARYMeasuring a biomarker in pooled samples from multiple cases or controls can lead to cost-effective estimation of a covariate-adjusted odds ratio, particularly for expensive assays. But pooled measurements may be affected by assay-related measurement error (ME) and/or pooling-related processing error (PE), which can induce bias if ignored. Building on recently developed methods for a normal biomarker subject to additive errors, we present two related estimators for a right-skewed biomarker subject to multiplicative errors: one based on logistic regression and the other based on a Gamma discriminant function model. Applied to a reproductive health dataset with a right-skewed cytokine measured in pools of size 1 and 2, both methods suggest no association with spontaneous abortion. The fitted models indicate little ME but fairly severe PE, the latter of which is much too large to ignore. Simulations mimicking these data with a non-unity odds ratio confirm validity of the estimators and illustrate how PE can detract from pooling-related gains in statistical efficiency. These methods address a key issue associated with the homogeneous pools study design and should facilitate valid odds ratio estimation at a lower cost in a wide range of scenarios.

Wide-Range Many-Core SoC Design in Scaled CMOS: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-856
Author(s):  
Sriram Vangal ◽  
Somnath Paul ◽  
Steven Hsu ◽  
Amit Agarwal ◽  
Saurabh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Many Core ◽  
Scaled Cmos

scholarly journals Mass production of metal-doped graphene from the agriculture waste of Quercus ilex leaves for supercapacitors: inclusive DFT study

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 10891-10901
Author(s):  
Gaurav Tatrari ◽  
Chetna Tewari ◽  
Manoj Karakoti ◽  
Mayank Pathak ◽  
Ritu Jangra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Mass ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
Metal Doped ◽  
Supercapacitor Applications

This work reports a facile, eco-friendly, and cost-effective mass-scale synthesis of metal-doped graphene sheets (MDGs) using agriculture waste of Quercus ilex leaves for supercapacitor applications.

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