scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of Clinicopathological Features Associated with Frailty Syndrome in Elderly Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Leshabari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Frailty Syndrome ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Research Findings

Geriatrics is an applied science as its practice is an art of medicine. As a scientific discipline, there exists a potential race for measurements. Frailty stands as among poorly defined concepts in geriatric medicine. There are philosophical, circumstantial, and practical justifications behind this rather seemingly clinical tragedy. This chapter contributes toward reliability and validity aspects of currently applied frailty scales and indicators across different population base. It acknowledges the contribution of Fried’s frailty scale. It also describes different frailty scales and indicators tested in America, Europe, and Asia. Lastly, the chapter contrasts the popular belief behind applications of Cronbach’s α coefficient of test scores for reliability assessment in clinical research. Other research gaps are also highlighted including merging clinical research findings in geriatrics with psychosocial aspects under the emerging field of geropsychology. It also proposes a solution for usage in future studies that aim at assessing reliability of test scores in clinical and biomedical sciences.

scholarly journals Willingness to Participate in Vaccine-Related Clinical Trials among Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divyanshu Raheja ◽  
Evelyn Davila ◽  
Eric Johnson ◽  
Rijalda Deović ◽  
Michele Paine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Research Findings

The purpose of this study is to understand among a convenience sample of 400 adults aged 60 years of age or older (1) reasons for being willing or unwilling to participate in a vaccine clinical research study and (2) overall perceptions about vaccine clinical research. A cross-sectional study using a sample of older adults residing in the metro-Atlanta area and surrounding neighborhoods was conducted. The study questionnaire contained 37 questions, including questions about socio-demographics and perceptions about clinical trial processes. Statistical analysis was conducted using logistic regression. The adjusted modeling results indicated that sex, distance to research clinic, and being informed about the research findings played a role in the likelihood of an elderly person participating in a vaccine study. Males were more likely to participate in clinical trials as compared to females (OR: 2.486; CI: 1.042–5.934). Most participants were willing to travel up to 25 miles from the research clinic. Of the respondents, 45% were unlikely to participate if the results of the current trial are not shared. Improving access to clinical trials in terms of distance traveled and ensuring streamlined processes to inform participants about the results of the trial in the future would increase willingness to participate in vaccine clinical trials. The survey could serve as a useful tool for conducting vaccine studies and other clinical trials by understanding the barriers specific to the elderly.

scholarly journals Item Analysis of Final Test for the 9th Grade Students of SMPN 44 Surabaya in the Academic Year of 2019/2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah ◽  
Achmad Bernhardo Elzamzami ◽  
Joko Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Test Items ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Academic Year

This research was conducted by focusing on the formulated question regarding the test scores validity, reliability and item analysis involving the discrimination power and index difficulty in order to provide detail information leading to the improvement of test items construction. The quality of each particular item was analyzed in terms of item difficulty, item discrimination and distractor analysis. The statistical tests were used to compute the reliability of the test by applying The Kuder-Richardson Formula (KR20). The analysis of 50 test items was computed using Microsoft Office Excel. A descriptive method was applied to describe and examined the data. The research findings showed the test fulfilled the criteria of having content validity which was categorized as a low validity. Meanwhile, the reliability value of the test scores was 0.521010831 (0.52) categorized as lower reliability and revision of test. Through the 50 items examined, there were 21 items that were in need of improvement which were classified into “easy” for the index difficulty and “poor” category for the discriminability by the total 26 items (52%). It means more than 50% of the test items need to be revised as the items do not meet the criteria. It is suggested that in order to measure students’ performance effectively, essential improvement need to be evaluated where items with “poor” discrimination index should be reviewed.    

scholarly journals Service innovations: a depersonalisation research unit progress report

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Phillips ◽  
M. Sierra ◽  
E. Hunter ◽  
M. V. Lambert ◽  
N. Medford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Neurological Illnesses

Depersonalisation was described clinically over 100 years ago, yet there has been little research into this interesting but distressing psychiatric disorder. The symptom of depersonalisation can occur alone or in the context of other psychiatric and neurological illnesses and is characterised by the experience of detachment from one's senses and the outside environment, and may be present for several years without remission. Two years after the establishment of the depersonalisation research unit at the Maudsley Hospital, London, we report on current neurobiological and clinical research findings, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, psychophysiology and neuroendocrinology and progress regarding the development of effective treatments.

scholarly journals Reidentifikasi Konsep dan Teori Dalam Memahami Fenomena Blind Spot Penelitian Pariwisata di Bali

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
I Putu Anom ◽  
I Gusti Agung Oka Mahagangga ◽  
I Made Bayu Ariwangssa ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Athina Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
New Science ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Concept Theory ◽  
Depth Interviews

Tourism science has been recognized as a scientific discipline in Indonesia since 2008. However, because of this interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary genealogy, it creates many scientific problems. The purpose of this paper is to understanding concept and theory of tourism science that very complex. The research was conducted in Bali, using qualitative methodology with library study methods, observation and in-depth interviews. The technique of determining informants used purposive sampling and qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of the study show that the concepts and theories of tourism are still largely referring to previously established sciences with many borrowing concepts, theories and other scientific methods. This fact make “the big machine of concept and theory” trigger as a blind spot. Very natural for a new science with interest wide ranging subject / object of research. Such an approach, the research findings that blind spot phenomenon in tourism research can be solved. In the industrial revolution 4.0 era, for existence tourism science more research must produce new concepts, theories and innovations. Keywords: Concept, theory, blind spot, science, tourism

Attitudes about Care at the End of Life among Clinicians: A Quick, Reliable, and Valid Assessment Instrument

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth H. Bradley ◽  
Domenic V. Cicchetti ◽  
Terri R. Fried ◽  
David M. Rousseau ◽  
Rosemary Johnson-Hurzeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
The Impact

Several initiatives to improve care at the end of life involve educational programs to influence clinicians’ attitudes about care for patients with terminal illnesses. The objective of this research was to develop and test a short and easily administered instrument for measuring physicians’ and nurses’ attitudes towards care at the end of life. The instrument was tested using a cross-sectional study of 50 clinicians (25 physicians and 25 nurses) from general medicine, cardiology, oncology, and geriatric medicine. Both reliability and validity were assessed, and the instrument was found to have acceptable test-retest reliability and construct validity. Such an assessment instrument may be useful in evaluating the impact of initiatives to modify attitudes towards terminal care and in improving the quality of care at the end of life.

Validation of an S-O-R Model for Situation, Enduring, and Response Components of Involvement

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Arora
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Matrix Approach ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Linear Structural Relations ◽  
Structural Relations

Despite the importance of the concept of involvement, it remains misunderstood. No attempt has been made to establish the reliability and validity of the concept. To resolve apparently conflicting research findings, Houston and Rothschild posit a paradigm which classifies involvement as situational, enduring, and response. The author assesses the reliability and validity of this tripartite classification of involvement by using a multitrait-multimethod matrix approach and a linear structural relations analysis approach. Subsequently, the S-O-R formulation and causality are also tested.

A Simulation Study of Reliability and Validity of Multiple-Choice Test Scores Under Six Response-Scoring Modes

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Frary
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
True Score ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Carry Over

Responses to a 40-item, four-choice test were simulated for 120 examinees under six response-scoring modes including number-right, corrected-for-guessing and answer-until-correct. Separate score sets were generated to reflect five levels of prevalence of misinformation (belief that an answer is a distractor) and five levels of propensity-to-guess contrary to instructions for modes designed to inhibit guessing. Criteria were simulated using the number-right mode with five levels of misinformation prevalence and four levels of true-score relationship with the predictor. The entire process was repeated with the introduction of normally distributed, random error at the item level. This process yielded 260 sets of five scores (predictor and four criteria), which were examined to determine differential effects on reliability and validity attributable to the response-scoring modes. Modes permitting multiple responses to an item were found to yield genuine increases in internal consistency reliability, which tended to carry over into validity coefficients. However, the validity differences among all the response-scoring modes simulated were small, probably too small to justify the additional cost and complexity of modes other than number-right.

Confidence Levels Can Broaden the Application of Clinical Research Findings and Promote Evidence-Based Practice

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
James E. Graham ◽  
Timothy A. Reistetter ◽  
Trudy R. Mallinson ◽  
Kenneth J. Ottenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Research Findings
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