scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight and its associated risk factors among adolescents: A cross-sectional study in peri-urban area of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Khatri ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Sushila Baral ◽  
Sudha Poudel ◽  
Kedar Prasad Baral
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

Abstract Background Adolescence, being a crucial stage for experimentation and acceptance of new behavioral and lifestyle choices, is detrimental to their nutritional status. The nutritional status of adolescents being shaped by socio-cultural, environmental, and economic factors has also been impacted by their food habits and level of physical activity. The current nutritional shift and rapid urbanization had emerged overweight as an additional burden for consistently prevalent undernutrition issues. So, the study aimed to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for overweight among school adolescents. Methods A school-based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among school adolescents in a Sub-metropolitan city of Nepal. A random sample of 279 adolescents from nine schools was included in the study. The anthropometric measurement of the height and the weight were measured as per the standard. The odds ratio with a 95% CI was calculated and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as cut off for statistical significance by fitting into the final multivariable logistic regression. Results The overall prevalence of overweight was obtained as 9.31% (95% CI: 6.40 − 13.3). The mean age of respondents was 15.5 years. The early aged adolescents were more overweight than compared to middle-aged adolescents (AOR: 0.27, CI: 0.028–2.67) and late adolescents (AOR: 0.66, CI: 0.068–6.44) respectively. Similarly, adolescents residing in rural areas had 0.35 (AOR = 0.33, CI: 0.030–3.71) odds of being overweight compared to their counterparts. Adolescents with sedentary behavior were 4 times (AOR = 3.51, CI: 0.79–15.54) more likely of being overweight than their counterparts. Conclusions Overweight among adolescents in urban areas has emerged as an alarming issue with the increasing burden. It is therefore pertinent to emphasize adolescents to improve healthy weight status.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human Brucellosis and associated risk factors among high-risk occupations in Mbeya Region of Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick D. Sagamiko ◽  
Ruth L. Mfune ◽  
Bernard M. Hang’ombe ◽  
Esron D. Karimuribo ◽  
Alfred M. Mwanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of public health and economic importance. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mbeya region between November 2015 and January 2016 to investigate the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and identify associated risk factors among individuals in risky occupations. Methods: A total of 425 humans from six occupational categories were serially tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA), for screening and confirmation, respectively. A questionnaire survey was also administered to participants to collect epidemiological data. Results: The overall seroprevalence among the occupationally exposed individuals was 1.41% (95% CI: 00.64-3.12). Seroprevalence was higher among butcher men 5.6% (95% CI: 1.68-5.26), herds men 1.35% (95% CI: 0.18-9.02); and abattoir workers 1.1% (95% CI: 0.26-4.22) although there was no statistical significance. (P value = .18). Seroprevalence was also higher among men (1.8%) compared to females (0%) (P value = .19). and also, among those aged < 11 years (2.5%). Individuals who consumed raw milk had a higher seroprevalence (1.56%) compared to those who drunk boiled milk while seropositivity was 0.88% among those who assisted animals during parturition (P value = .49). Butcher men were at higher risk of exposure compared to other occupational categories. Our findings show the presence of brucellosis in occupationally exposed individuals in Mbeya region.Conclusion: There is need to sensitize the concerned professions in order to reduce the risk of acquiring Brucella infections from animals and animal products This also calls for public health awareness about the disease, and implementation of measures to prevent further spread of brucellosis within and outside the study area.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factor of hypertension among individuals of age 18-59 years in South-eastern Nepal: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajjwal Pyakurel ◽  
Deepak Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jeevan Thapa ◽  
Nishant Thakur ◽  
Pramita Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for the rising burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in developing region. It has also been recognized as one of the major public health problems in the developing countries since the early seventies and the rate is increasing not only in urban areas but in rural areas with low socio-economic condition.  Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Jogidaha Village Development Comittee(VDC) and Triyuga Municipality of Udaypur district of South-Eastern Nepal. A total of 430 participants of age 18-59 years were selected. Semi-structured questionnaire (WHO NCD STEPS instrument) was used to collect information on demographic variables and associated risk factors with use of show cards. Clinical and anthropometric measurement were done. Primary outcome was prevalence of hypertension. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed to show strength of association among various risk factors with hypertension.  Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 25.1%. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 49.8%. Hypertension was significantly associated with age (AOR=1.09, CI=1.05-1.10) and gender (male >female; AOR= 2.12,CI =1.22-3.68). Similarly, increased waist-hip ratio(7.12; CI 2.87-17.67),alcohol consumption(OR=2.82,CI=1.77-4.52), and use of tobacco products (OR =1.8,CI=1.02-3.20) showed significant association with hypertension. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of hypertension in rural districts of South-Eastern Nepal. A community-based preventive approach with early detection and treatment and life-style modification is needed to reduce the burden of disease and make sustainable changes. 

scholarly journals A study of the risk factors of various arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1369
Author(s):  
Puneet Patil ◽  
Aamera Sait ◽  
Dilip Ratan Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Av Block ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Risk

Background: Complications like arrhythmias, cardiac failure, cerebrovascular and mechanical complications. Among these complications, arrhythmias are the most common complication of acute myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to study the risk factors of various arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods: Present study was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at department of General Medicine of a tertiary care hospital for a period of two years among 102 patients. Detailed history, clinical examination, investigation was done. All patients were followed for one year to assess the outcome among them. All data was entered in the Microsoft Excel worksheet and analyzed using proportions.Results: Arrhythmias were more common with low ejection fraction (72.73%). The overall mortality was 7.84%. Ventricular fibrillation was seen in 50% of the patients who did not receive thrombolytic therapy. First-degree AV block and second-degree AV block were present in 6.25% and 7.50% respectively and did not affect the mortality while complete heart block was present in 8.75% and mortality rate of 28.57% with right ventricular involvement. Risk factors like smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity had higher incidence of arrhythmias but was not found to have any statistical significance (p >0.05). However, patients having multiple risk factors strongly associated with the high mortality in statistically significant manner (p value 0.0006).Conclusions: Patients with risk factors like smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity had higher incidence of arrhythmias. Multiple risk factors increase the incidence of both arrhythmias and mortality (67% mortality with 4 risk factors and 75% mortality with 5 risk factors).

The Epidemiological, Risk Factors and Clinical Characteristics of Ischemic Stroke in Ardabil Province, Iran: a Hospital Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Fattahzadeh-Ardalani ◽  
Afshan Sharghi ◽  
Abolfazl Atalu ◽  
Farzad Noori
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Risk

Introduction: Stroke is the third most common cause of death in world after heart diseases and cancer. Due to the higher rate of stroke and less attention to its occurrence, assessing the prevalence of ischemic brain stroke and its clinical patterns across countries and nations such as Iran could be valuable and important. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological, Risk factor and clinical characteristics of ischemic stroke in Ardabil province. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study has been done on 676 patients with ischemic stroke who referred to Ardabil city hospital during at year 2018. Data collected by using a checklist including demographic and clinical data of patients. Collected data were analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 21. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Of all patients, 294 (43.5%) were female and rest of them were male. The mean age of patients was 69.3±13.2 years. Of all patients, 25.3% arrived to the hospital in less than 4.5 hours. The difference between arrival time to the hospital in rural and urban patients was significant. The most risk factors were seen in both sexes was HTN and in female only was DM and in male only was CVA. The results of CT and MRI showed that 30% and 64.9% of patients had lesion respectively that of them the most lesion in MRI was SMALL VESSEL and in CT was Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA). Conclusion: Results showed that the patients who live in urban areas arrive to emergency sooner than rural patients. The significant relation was seen between AF, residence place and valvular with arriving time to hospital.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and associated factors among high school adolescents in Debre Tabor Town, South Gondar Zone, Northcentral Ethiopia

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamu Aderajew Zemene ◽  
Melaku Tadege Engidaw ◽  
Alemayehu Digssie Gebremariam ◽  
Desalegn Tesfa Asnakew ◽  
Sofonyas Abebaw Tiruneh
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Debre Tabor ◽  
The Government ◽  
South Gondar

Abstract Background Adolescents are among the nutritionally vulnerable group due to their nutritional demand for pubertal spurt. At this age, adequate nutrition, nutritional education, and counseling are very important to halt the consequence and its impact on this segment of the population. So, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and its associated factors of nutritional status among high school adolescents aged 10–19 years in Debre Tabor Town, South Gondar Zone, and North central Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2017. A total of 349 high school adolescents were selected by using simple random sampling. Data were collected through face to face interview and physical measurement. The data were entered into Epi info version 7 software and then exported into SPSS version 20 software for further analysis. A p-value < 0.2 was used to select independent variables for multivariable logistic regression. A p-value ≤0.05 was used to declare the statistical significance. Also, odd ratios were calculated with a 95% of the confidence interval to check the existence of the association. Result A total of 327 adolescents participated in this study with the overall response rate of 93.69%. The magnitude of stunting and thinness was 15% (95% CI: 11, 19) and 4.9% (95% CI: 2.4, 7.4) respectively. Sex (AOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.15, 4.36), residency (AOR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.28, 4.82), and family size (AOR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.65, 7.05) were the associated factors for stunting. Residence (AOR: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.16, 11.56), and living away from the family (AOR: 4.37, 95% CI: 1.20, 15.95) were the associated factors for the development of thinness. Conclusion Stunting is a mild public health problem but not thinness. Sociodemographic variables were the determinant factors for the development of stunting and thinness. To halt this, integrated adolescent related school and nutrition services is very important with adequate and quality food access to adolescents. In addition to this the government shall have to increase the access of education.

scholarly journals The burden of typhoid fever in Klang Valley, Malaysia, 2011–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad ◽  
Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip ◽  
Mohd Hazrin Hasim ◽  
Faizah Paiwai ◽  
Sayan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Klang Valley

Abstract Background Typhoid fever causes global morbidity and mortality and is a significant health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The direct fecal-oral route is the main transmission mode, but indirect environmental transmission could occur, particularly in urban settings. This study aimed to investigate the burden and trend of typhoid fever, reporting the coverage system between government and private practice and pattern of multidrug-resistant (MDR) typhoid cases in the urban Klang Valley area from 2011 to 2015. Methods The data from a cross-sectional study retrieved from the e-Notifikasi System, a national reporting system for communicable diseases provided by the Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia and secondary data of all the typhoid cases were obtained from the public and private hospitals and laboratories in Klang Valley. Descriptive analysis was performed to examine the sociodemographic characteristics, spatial mapping was conducted to examine trends, and the crude incidence rates of confirmed typhoid cases and percentage of reporting coverage were calculated. Significant differences between MDR and non-MDR Salmonella typhi were determined in the patient’s sociodemographic characteristics, which were analyzed using χ2 test. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results In total, 507 typhoid fever cases were reported in Klang Valley; however, only 265 cases were confirmed by culture tests. The crude incidence rates of confirmed cases were between 0.5 to 0.7 but peaked at 1.42 per 100,000 population in 2015. Most typhoid fever cases were observed among men (55.6%), individuals aged 21 to 30 years (27.6%), Malaysians (86.3%) and individuals of Malay ethnicity (52.1%). The reporting coverage of confirmed cases was 78.9% and non-reporting coverage of unconfirmed typhoid cases was 79.5%. The predictive value positive (PVP) was 89.3, and 7.5% were detected as MDR Salmonella typhi. Statistical significance was found in gender, citizenship and ethnicity regarding MDR Salmonella typhi (p = 0.004, p = 0.008 and p = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions The local transmission of typhoid is still prevalent in the Klang Valley despite rapid urbanization and development in recent years. These findings are essential for policy makers to plan and implement focused and effective preventative activities to curb typhoid infection in urban areas.

scholarly journals Advertisements in Various Television Channels on Food items & Understandability of Telecasted Programs Influencing Nutritional Status of Urban Graduate Mothers

2013 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Ayesha Begum ◽  
Sonia Zebsyn ◽  
Md Aminul Haque Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out amongst eighty graduate mothers having U-5 years children from different socio-economic groups of Mohammadpur area in Dhaka city. They were interviewed on nutrition related programs thorough television. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of advertisements and understandability of nutrition education programs through different TV channels among the respondents and also the impact of these programs on maternal and child nutrition (MCN). Results of the study showed that the programs of mass media like TV on nutritional aspects influence the nutritional awareness of the respondents. Most of the graduate mothers practiced extra diet as special food taken during pregnancy and lactation period of which television was the major source of knowledge compared to radio, newspaper, doctor and family members. Again 52.5% respondents were normal along with 33.8% respondents were overweight and rests of 13.7% mothers were obese. Furthermore, 82% U5C’s nutritional status were normal whereas only 3% were found in border line according to MUAC. Few U-5 children were found overweight by WAZ. So adult and child overweight are increasing day by day in urban areas which need great attention to prevent chronic diseases. From this study, it was revealed that no relationship exist between family income and nutritional status of the respondents and also between the educational level and nutritional status of them (P value > 0.05). It may be concluded from the study that the exposure to nutrition related programs through different television channels had a role to improve the nutritional status. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v24i0.14037 Bangladesh J. Nutr. Vol. 24-25 Dec 2011-2012 pp.65-76

scholarly journals Risk Factors For The Occurrence of Low Birth Weight Based on Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women With Upper Arm Circumference

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Suci Saftari Apriani ◽  
Ranti Lestari ◽  
Elizabeth Widayati ◽  
Yani Suryani ◽  
Karlina Angga P
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meaningful Relationship

The nutritional status of pregnant women before and during pregnancy can affect the growth of the fetus in the womb. The purpose of this study was to look at the risk factors of  LBW events based on nutritional status based on the MUAC size of pregnant women. This research is analytical with cross sectional study design by sampling using the total sampling technique of 98 pregnant women in Kubang Village, Sukaresmi District, Cianjur Regency. Analyze data using Chi Square. Univariate analysis results from 98 respondents have good nutritional status (MUAC≥23.5 cm) which is as much as 78 (80%) and normal birth weight 64 (65.3%) pregnant women. The results of bivariate analysis there is a meaningful relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women based on LBW and the incidence of LBW value P value = 0.006 (P value<0.05). In conclusion there is a meaningful relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women based on MUAC and the incidence of LBW value P value = 0.006 (P value<0.05) value (OR=3.345, CI 2.234-8.562), respondents who have a history of malnutrition status while pregnant have a risk of 3,354 times giving birth to babies with LBW

scholarly journals Malnutrition in all its forms and associated factors affecting the nutritional status of adult rural population in Bangladesh: results from a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e051701
Author(s):  
Shagoofa Rakhshanda ◽  
Lingkan Barua ◽  
Mithila Faruque ◽  
Palash Chandra Banik ◽  
R A Shawon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Salt

IntroductionThe burden of malnutrition is widely evaluated in Bangladesh in different contexts. However, most of them determine the influence of sociodemographic factors, which have limited scope for modification and design intervention. This study attempted to determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity and their modifiable lifestyle predictors in a rural population of Bangladesh.MethodsThis study was part of a cross-sectional study that applied the WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions in a rural area of Bangladesh to assess the burden of diabetes, hypertension and their associated risk factors. Census was used as the sampling technique. Anthropometric measurement and data on sociodemographic characteristics and behavioural risk factors were collected following the standard protocol described in the WHO STEP-wise approach. Analysis included means of continuous variables and multinomial regression of factors.ResultsThe mean body mass index of the study population was 21.9 kg/m2. About 20.9% were underweight, 16.4% were overweight and 3.5% were obese. Underweight was most predominant among people above 60 years, while overweight and obesity were predominant among people between 31 and 40 years. Higher overweight and obesity were noted among women. Employment, consumption of added salt and inactivity increased the odds of being underweight by 0.32, 0.33 and 0.14, respectively. On the other hand, the odds of being overweight or obese increased by 0.58, 0.55, 0.78, 0.21 and 0.25 if a respondent was female, literate, married, housewife and consumed red meat, and decreased by 0.38 and 0.18 if a respondent consumed added salt and inadequate amounts of fruits and vegetables, respectively. Consumption of added salt decreases the odds of being overweight or obese by 0.37.ConclusionThe study emphasised malnutrition to be a public health concern in spite of the dynamic sociodemographic scenario. Specific health messages for targeted population may help improve the nutritional status. Findings from further explorations may support policies and programmes in the future.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tungiasis and its risk factors of among children of Mettu woreda, southwest Ethiopia, 2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262168
Author(s):  
Sime Daba Jorga ◽  
Yohannes Lulu Dessie ◽  
Mohammed Reshad Kedir ◽  
Dereje Oljira Donacho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
P Value ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia

Tungiasis is caused by the flea tunga penetrans and results in painful skin lesions, skin infections, and permanent disability. However, limited information is available that shows the magnitude of the problem and its risk factors that help for intervention in Ethiopia. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of tungiasis in children aged 5 to 14 in Mettu woreda in 2020. A community based cross sectional study was conducted among randomly selected kebeles of Mettu woreda, in Southwest Ethiopia. To select study participants, multistage sampling was used. The data were collected through physical examination of the children, interview of parents/guardians of the children, and observation of the home environment using checklists and questionnaires. The descriptive analysis was done for socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence of tungiasis, and housing conditions. A logistic regression analysis was performed, and variables in multivariable regression reported odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals once the variables were identified using a p-value of 0.05 as a risk factor of statistical significance. The prevalence of tungiasis among children 5–14 years of age in Mettu rural woreda was 52 percent (n = 821). As a risk factor, large family size (AOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 2.13, 4.40); school attendance (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.18), floor inside the house (AOR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.76, 8.43); having sleeping bed (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.82); access to protected water sources (AOR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.39); access to improved toilet facilities(AOR: 0.63: 95% CI: 0.44, 0.89); access to electric services (AOR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.62); and lack of own farmland (AOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.50) were found. Therefore, planning and implementation of interventions focus on those risk factors that are particularly important. Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions, and livelihood improvement interventions are required to solve the problem in the setting.

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