Sport participation should not be observed as protective against smoking and drinking in adolescence; cross-sectional cluster-based analysis in Croatian southern regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ela Filipovic ◽  
Nikolina Catlak ◽  
Natasa Zenic
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Low Alcohol

Purpose: Sport participation in adolescence is frequently observed as being protective against consumption of psychoactive substances (e.g. cigarettes and alcohol), but limited number of studies directly examined this problem while simultaneously observing consump-tion of cigarettes and alcohol. The aim of this study was to evidence the possible associations which may exist between different factors explaining participation in sports, and consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in adolescents from Croatia. Methods: The sample comprised 436 adolescents from coastal regions in Croatia (202 fe-males) aged 15–17 years who were tested by previously validated closed structured ques-tionnaire on sport factors (experience in sports [four point scale from “never participated” to “ > 5 years”], sport competitive achievement [four point scale ranging from “never competed” to “national/international competitive achievement”], number of sport training sessions per week [four point scale ranging from “didn’t participate” to “sometimes even twice a day”]), cigarette smoking (four point scale ranging from “never smoked” to “more than 10 cigarettes per day”), and alcohol consumption (measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – AUDIT). Cluster analysis calculated on the basis of cigarette smoking and AUDIT results was used to form homogenous groups (substance misuse clusters – SMC). The Kruskall Wallis analysis of variance (KWA) was calculated to identify the differences between SMC in studied sport factors. Results: Four SMC were formed indicating: (i) high alcohol + high cigarettes (SMC1: n=42), (ii) high alcohol + low cigarettes (SMC2: n=115), (iii) low alcohol + low cigarettes (SMC3: n=226), and (iv) low alcohol + high cigarettes consumption (SMC4: n=53). When calculat-ed for total sample of participants, the KWA revealed significant differences among SMC, with significant post-hoc differences between SMC1 and SMC3 in all sport-factors (H test: 9.5-to-17.5, p 80% of all SMC1 members). Gender-specific KWA did not reveal significant differences among SMC in studied sport factors. Conclusion: Study results do not support the theory of protective effects of sport participation against substance misuse in adolescence. Even more, there are some indices that sport par-ticipation may be observed risk factor for consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in this age group. Social acceptance of smoking and drinking in sport-society in the region is probable reason for relatively high rates of substance misuse in adolescents who are actively involved in sports.

scholarly journals High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Obesity among Adults in Gulf Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Israa M. Shatwan ◽  
Eiman A. Alhinai ◽  
Balqees Alawadhi ◽  
Shelini Surendran ◽  
Najlaa M. Aljefree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered as a good example of a healthy dietary pattern that has protective effects on obesity. The aim of the present study was to assess the adherence of adults from three Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Kuwait) to the MedDiet and its association with obesity risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 961 men and women (75.7%) aged 20–55 years old. Waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured waist/hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. A validated 14-item Questionnaire was used to measure adherence to MedDiet. The mean of the adherence to MedDiet score was 5.9 ± 2.03 for the total sample. An inverse association was observed between the adherence to MedDiet and BMI after adjusting for potential confounders (p = 0.0003 in total participants, and p = 0.001 in women only). A protective effect was seen with a higher adherence to the MedDiet on HC, suggesting that a greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a decreased HC (p = 0.04 in total participants, and p = 0.01 in women only). In conclusion, low adherence to the MedDiet among participants from three gulf countries was associated with increased obesity indicators, BMI, and HC.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Dietary Behaviours, Health-Related Habits and Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Botswana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobopamang Letamo ◽  
Mpho Keetile ◽  
Kannan Navaneetham ◽  
Keitumetse Medupi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background There is scanty information regarding sex or gender differences in health-related habits, NCD risk factors, and prevalence of NCDs in Botswana. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of gender differences on health-related habits, weight status, common NCD risk factors, and on the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based survey called the Botswana STEPS Survey II which was conducted in 2014 based on people aged 15–64 years. The survey used a multi-stage cluster sampling methodology to arrive at nationally representative sample. As such during analysis of data, a complex sample module from SPSS was adopted to account for the multiple stages of sampling. The predicted probabilities of outcome variables were derived by controlling the covariates. A total sample size of 2947 participants aged 25–64 years were used in this study. Results The study results showed that a statistically significant high predicted percentage of men compared to women smoked tobacco (34.4%, 95% CI: 33.5–35.1 vs. 4.4%, 95% CI: 4.3–4.5). Men were also consistently engaging in heavy alcohol use and low consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, and these differences were statistically significant. On the other, physical inactivity among women was higher than men. Controlling other covariates, a higher predicted probability of women than men were overweight (28.7%, 95% CI: 28.6–28.8 vs. 18.3%, 95% CI: 18.0-18.6) and obese (25.8%, 95% CI: 25.4–26.2 vs. 10.2%, 95% CI: 9.9–10.5). Women are at the greater risk of developing NCDs compared to men since the adjusted prevalence of at least 3 common risk factors were more among women than men. A higher adjusted predicted prevalence of women than men suffered from hypertension (39.4%, 95% CI: 38.9–40.0 vs. 26.1%, 95% CI: 25.5–26.8). Conclusions Overall, the study observed that there were gender differences in health-related habits, malnutrition, NCD risk factors and NCD prevalence. Appropriate policies and programmes need to be adopted in order to urgently address the problem of NCDs.

scholarly journals Minorities’ Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Hospitalization Risk: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Interview Survey ◽  
Health Interview ◽  
Interview Survey

Background: As suggested by the Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, educational attainment shows a weaker protective effect for racial and ethnic minority groups compared to non-Hispanic Whites. This pattern, however, is never shown for hospitalization risk. Objectives: This cross-sectional study explored racial and ethnic variations in the association between educational attainment and hospitalization in the United States. Methods: Data came from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS 2015). The total sample was 28,959 American adults. Independent variable was educational attainment. The main outcome was hospitalization during the last 12 months. Age, gender, employment, marital status, region, obesity, and number of cardiovascular conditions were covariates. Race and ethnicity were the effect modifiers. Logistic regression models were utilized to analyze the data. Results: From all participants, 16.2% were Black and 11.6% were Hispanic with a mean age of 51 years. Overall, higher education levels were associated with lower odds of hospitalization, independent of all confounders. Educational attainment showed significant interactions with race (odds ratio [OR] =1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.08) and ethnicity (OR = 1.04, 95% CI =1.01-1.07) on hospitalization, indicating smaller protective effects of educational attainment on hospitalization of Hispanics and Blacks than nonHispanic Whites. Conclusion: The protective effects of educational attainment on population health are smaller for Blacks and Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites. To prevent health disparities, the diminished returns of educational attainment should be minimized for racial and ethnic minorities. To do so, there is a need for innovative and bold economic, public, and social policies that do not limit themselves to equalizing socioeconomic status, but also help minorities leverage their available resources and gain tangible outcomes.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF RISK FACTORS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG FEMALES AGED 35 YEARS AND ABOVE IN SAUDI ARABIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1120-1126
Author(s):  
Manal Abdulaziz Murad ◽  
◽  
Ashraf A. Amir ◽  
Hoda Jehad Abousada ◽  
Hussam Mahmoud Baeissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Contribution

Osteoporosis is a common public health challenge globally but the relative contribution of variousrisk factors for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia is not well established. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of risk factors for osteoporosis among females aged 35 years and above in Saudi Arabia. We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 2070 and determined the prevalence of risk factors as percentages of the total sample size. We foundthat vitamin D deficiency is the major modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia followed by cigarette smoking. Autoimmune and endocrine diseases were also not uncommon. Our results therefore suggest for the strengthening of measures to prevent vitamin D deficiency, reduce corticosteroid-related osteoporosis and curb cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals Prescription Errors Still a Challenge in Pakistan - A Cross-Sectional Study from Central Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Hafiz Obaid ◽  
Ahmed Umer Sohaib ◽  
Abu Bakar Munir ◽  
Jamshaid Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Qamar-uz Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

Objective: To evaluate the prescription writing pattern and errors in prescriptions at different health care units of Central Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted to conduct the present study. Data collection was done for a period of one month i.e. March 2018 from selected community pharmacies of five different cities of Central Punjab, Pakistan. Patients were approached irrespective of age and gender and data was recorded on a pre-designed Performa. The total sample size was 750 (150 prescriptions from each pharmacy). SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sciences, version 20.0) was used for statistical analysis of data. Results: Out of 750 prescriptions, 662 prescriptions were included in final analysis. Patient name was found written in almost all prescriptions 660 (99.7%) while physician name was missing on 519 (78.4%). Healthcare provider registration number and qualification were not on 654 (98.8%) and 527 (79.6%) prescriptions respectively. Poly-pharmacy was observed in 103 (16%) prescriptions and no prescription was found with generic name. Conclusion: The study results highlighted the imperative need to devise policies that should be regulated and implemented by the healthcare authorities to make our prescriptions in line with the prescribed guidelines.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Current Cigarette Smoking Status: Immigrants’ Diminished Returns

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
High Education ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Cigarette

Introduction: Although socioeconomic status (SES) resources influence population and individual health behaviors, socially marginalized groups gain significantly less health from their SES indicators, such as education and income, compared to the socially privileged groups. This pattern is called marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs). However, most of the MDRs literature is derived from studies that have defined marginalization based on race and ethnicity. As a result, more research is needed on MDRs due to immigration. To extend what is known about MDRs due to immigration, the current study compared a national sample of immigrants and non-immigrants for the effects of education and income on current cigarette smoking of adults in the United States. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) enrolled 14,149 individuals who were either immigrants (n=1977; 14.0%) or non-immigrants (n=12,166; 86.0%). The independent variables (IV) were education and income that were treated as categorical variables. The dependent variable was current cigarette smoking. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, marital status, employment, and region were confounders. Immigration was the moderator. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: High education and income were associated with lower odds of current cigarette smoking. However, immigration showed significant statistical interactions with both education and income. These interactions were suggestive of smaller protective effects of high education and income on current cigarette smoking for immigrant than non-immigrant adults. Conclusion: In line with the MDRs, the effects of education and income on tobacco use is weaker for immigrant than non-immigrant adults.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Determinants of Intention to Use Tobacco Among Adolescents in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Nagarkar ◽  
Swapnil Gadhave
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Intention To Smoke ◽  
Harmful Effects

AimThe present study aims to determine the psychosocial factors associated with ‘intention to use tobacco’, because it is influenced by social norms and beliefs about smoking.MethodA cross-sectional survey on a random sample of 665 individuals, aged 15-20 years, was conducted using a pretested questionnaire. Three logistic regression models were constructed to identify determinants of ‘intention to use tobacco’, with the total sample, with respondents under 18 years old, and with respondents 18 years old and above.ResultsOdds of intention to use tobacco were higher when friends used tobacco products, and perceived no negative effects on health. Parental use of tobacco increased the odds of intention to use tobacco, and a similar effect was observed when a celebrity was followed as a role model. Approval of occasional use of tobacco increased the odds of intention to use tobacco. Communication with parents about harmful effects of tobacco reduced the odds of intention to smoke among respondents younger than 18 years old.ConclusionSocial factors and perception of risk significantly influenced the intention to use tobacco. Study results are useful in designing interventions for prevention of tobacco use among adolescents.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Intention to Use Food Order-Delivery Feature of Ride-Hailing Applications: The UTAUT Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1383
Author(s):  
Ade Permata Surya ◽  
I Made Sukresna ◽  
Aris Mardiyono
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Facilitating Conditions ◽  
Food Order

Since ride-hailing platforms in Indonesia provide food order-delivery feature, there has been a change in public spending behavior from conventional to electronic, even on the most basic element, i.e., food. The purpose of this study is to identify critical factors affecting consumers’ adoption of ride-hailing applications to buy food using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) approach. This study uses a cross-sectional design with a non-probability sampling method. Data was collected from self-administered questionnaire, resulting a total sample of 315 respondents across Indonesia. The respondents are GrabFood and GoFood consumers and the food order-delivery feature of Grab and Gojek (the ride-hailing applications). The study employs PLS-SEM technique to analyze the relationships among variables. The findings show performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions positively influence behavioral intention to use food order-delivery features in ride-hailing applications. On the other hand, effort expectancy does not influence behavioral intention. The results corroborate the role of food-order feature of ride-hailing applications in the change of Indonesian consumer behavior. Referring to the study results, theoretical contributions and practical implications are provided.

scholarly journals Students’ Perceptions on Educational Environment of Selected Dental Colleges in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Syeda Mahmuda Akhter ◽  
AKM Asaduzzaman ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir Talukder ◽  
Faisal Solaiman ◽  
Arifa Begum
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Logistic Support ◽  
The Right

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim to find out the students’ perceptions on educational environment of selected dental colleges in Bangladesh. The study was carried out in ten selected dental colleges (4 government & 6 non-government) of Bangladesh. Total sample size was 1169 of different years of BDS students. Dental colleges were selected purposively & data was collected from students by adopting convenience sampling technique. Data collection was done with self-administered semi-structured questionnaire with two open questions using Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measurement (DREEM) inventory with some modification. There were five subscales of DREEM for students. Study results revealed that total DREEM score of students were 142. Mean score of students’ perceptions by subscale of DREEM were “students’ perception of their learning (34.95); students’ perception of their teachers (30.36); students’ academic self-perception (24.94); students’ perception of educational atmosphere (32.82) and students’ social self-perception (18.83). All these values indicated that the students’ perception were in the right & mostly positive direction. Study recommended that significant attention should be paid in few problematic areas specially for “too much teacher centered learning and over emphasized factual learning. Study also recommended to improve the logistic support for students of dental colleges to ensure better educational environment of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.11(2) 2020: 27-33

scholarly journals Educational Attainment Better Reduces Disability for Non-Hispanic than Hispanic Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Of Disability

Objectives: Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) refers to the weaker protective health effects of socioeconomic status (SES) for minorities, particularly educational attainment for racial and ethnic minorities, compared to the general population. This pattern has been documented among African-Americans compared to Whites, however, we know very little about MDRs for educational attainment on disability among Hispanics compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Aims: This cross-sectional study explored ethnic variation in the effects of educational attainment on severity of disability in the United States of America (USA). Materials and Methods: The 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was a national survey of the general population in the USA. The total sample was 1021 American adults that reported some disability. Of the 1021 participants, 855 identified as Non-Hispanic and 165 identified as Hispanic. The independent variable was educational attainment. The main outcome was severity of disability measured using self-reported data. Age, gender, and race were covariates. Ethnicity was the effect modifier. Results: Among individuals with a disability, higher levels of educational attainment were associated with fewer disabilities, independent of all confounders. When ethnicity and educational attainment were interacted on severity of disability, the results indicated a smaller protective effect for Hispanics than for Non-Hispanics with a disability. Ethnicity-stratified models showed an effect for Non-Hispanics but not for Hispanics. Conclusions: The protective effects of educational attainment against severity of disability are smaller for Hispanics than for Non-Hispanics. To prevent health disparities, there is a need to minimize MDRs of SES for ethnic minorities. To do so, there is a need for innovative economic, public, and social policies that are not limited to equalizing educational attainment but that also help minorities leverage their resources and gain tangible outcomes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document