Semiotics of Religion

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-333
Author(s):  
Massimo Leone ◽  

The essay proposes a concise map of some of the current research trends in the semiotics of religion. Within the theoretical framework of Peirce’s philosophy of semiosis as interpreted and developed by Umberto Eco, the essay situates the semiotic study of religion at the crossroad of nature and culture and singles out as its main task studying both the abstract level of religious ideologies of signification and the empirical level of religious systems of expression and communication.

2009 ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
Gianluca Busilacchi

- Over the last year the capability approach has been widely used by social scientist. Its success is mainly due to the richness of its theoretical framework and the possibility to enrich the interdisciplinary researches also at the empirical level. However the empirical applications in the field of public policy, especially social policy, are still very limited: what is the reason? And which is the role of economic sociology in contributing to the analysis of social policy endorsing the capability approach? The first part of the paper concerns the explanation of the theoretical framework of the capability approach, through an analysis of its main concepts and empirical applications. Then we will try to see why the capability approach can be especially used by economic sociology, and why this social science can be enriched by the capability approach to analyse social policy with a richer toolbox.Keywords: social policy, capability approach, economic sociology, public policy, Amartya Sen, poverty


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-77
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Parks

Ecoculture is an emerging focal concept reflecting the inextricability of nature and culture. It is applicable to and employed in many disciplines, yet it is rarely defined, cited, or interrogated, causing potential inconsistencies in scholarly operationalization. In the present analysis, I use Steven H. Chaffee’s method of explication to develop an analytical review of ecoculture. I explore the primitive terms—ecology and culture—before assessing the scholarly use of the derived, compound term. I trace ecoculture across multiple disciplines, synthesizing operationalizations into one transdisciplinary theoretical framework. I find that ecoculture connotes interconnectedness and place relations, and has been critically operationalized in ways that problematize dominant human-centered ideologies, making it a productive scholarly frame that emphasizes the relationships between humans, their cultures, and their ecologies.


2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana López Ornat ◽  
Pilar Gallo

In 1957, Skinner, in his “Verbal Behavior”, proposed an explanation on how a language is learned. In 1959, Chomsky strongly argued the non-learnability of language, establishing in the field of developmental psycholinguistics the substitution of the term “learning” for that of “acquisition”. Currently, the constructivist models describe language acquisition as a process of ontogenetic, gradual, complex, and adaptive change. This new theoretical framework has been especially useful for rereading Verbal Behavior because it facilitates recovering the Skinnerian learning mechanisms. This can be observed in the recent research trends that recapture reinforcement and imitation (echoic responses), although they are now located in the initial phases of the process and are included in a cognitive dynamic that, by gradually increasing its complexity, can achieve grammar. The new constructivist theoretical framework, by retrieving the functional and referential aspects of language, can also take advantage of the classic Skinnerian proposal about the pragmatic types of verbal behavior, providing it with new meaning.


Author(s):  
Alejandro Yarza

Francoist kitsch is interpreted as an essential part of a politically eclectic discourse whose study brings together aesthetics, film theory and the politics of fascist Spain. Drawing on conceptual work on fascism by thinkers such as Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Christopher Bollas, Mark Neocleous and Susan Sontag, and on studies on kitsch by Hermann Broch, Matei Calinescu, Gillo Dorfles, Umberto Eco and Saul Friedländer, among others, my theoretical framework elucidates how Francoism appropriated the fetishistic nature of cinema and kitsch aesthetics, relying on its potential both to mobilize and secure ideological control over the Spanish citizenry.


1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Χαρίδημος Τσούκας

This thesis attempts to address the following problem: "Why has work been organised the way it has in a concrete business organisation?". The search for an answer moves at two levels: abstract and empirical. At the abstract level, it is argued, from a realistmeta-theoretical perspective, that existing explanatory approaches to work organisation tend to underplay either human agency or social structures or both, in favour of correlational and/or functional models of explanation. An alternative realist explanatory framework is put forward in which work organisation can be seen as forming a configuration consisting of three components. A set of managerial causal powers is postulated which interact within specific organisational contexts to form a distinctive concatenation, thus giving rise to a concrete work configuration. At the empirical level the initial research problem is contextualised through the undertaking of two casestudies. Two distinctive work configurations are reported and compared, and the reasons for their emergence are sought. It is shown that a particular concatenation of managerial causal powers has been formed within each organisational context which has given rise to two different work configurations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6438
Author(s):  
Domenico Branca ◽  
Andreas Haller

Mountain cities specializing in tourism increasingly aim at valorizing cultural and natural heritage to compete for global attention. In this context, the postmodern urbanization of mountains plays a decisive role: driven by touristification processes, it alters the sociospatial and economic configuration of mountain cities and their hinterlands, which are becoming vertically arranged “operational landscapes”, and profoundly changes city–mountain interactions. To foster sustainable development in urbanizing mountain destinations, it is crucial to understand these settlements’ embeddedness in both (1) nature and culture and (2) space and time. The Andean city of Huaraz is a case in point: an intermediate center in highland Peru, it is characterized by a strategic location in the Callejón de Huaylas (Santa Valley), influenced by Hispanic and Quechua culture and dominated by the glaciers of the Cordillera Blanca. Combining (1) a theoretical framework that considers planetary urbanization, touristification and vertical complementarity and (2) a case study technique inspired by urban environmental profiles, we trace the development of the city–mountain relation in Huaraz, focusing on the way in which the material and non-material dimensions of the surrounding mountains influence urban development. We conclude with a call for overcoming a set of three persisting dichotomies that continue to impair sustainable development.


2015 ◽  
pp. 76-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Schubart

‘This world’s divided into two kinds of people: The hunter and the hunted,’ big-game hunter Rainsford says in The Most Dangerous Game (1932) and self-assuredly continues, ‘Luckily, I’m a hunter. Nothing can ever change that.’ Well, he will discover that in the manhunt movie even the hunter can become prey. The manhunt movie is a subgenre of the Hollywood thriller which joins two elements: big-game sport hunting and hunting humans. Sport hunting stirs up themes of nature and culture, morals and ethics, masculinity, and, finally, civilisation. Here, we will ask what happens when the subgenre is used in the Nordic thriller. The chapter has three aims. First, it establishes the central generic traits of the manhunt movie. Second, it sets up a theoretical framework of sociobiological and ecological theories with hunting as a reference point. And, third, it examines the Nordic version of the manhunt movie focusing on the themes of hunting, nature, social standing and civilisation. I look at the Danish drama The Hunt (Thomas Vinterberg, 2012), the Norwegian thriller-heist-comedy Headhunters (Morten Tyldum, 2011) and the Swedish thrillers The Hunters (Jägarna, 1996) and False Trail (Jägarna 2, 2011) by Kjell Sundvall.


2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Lenoci

Il saggio esamina il rapporto tra i concetti di vita e di potere, tenendo presenti posizioni fondamentali nella storia della filosofia, con particolare attenzione ad alcuni scritti di Kelsen e Schmitt. Lo scopo è quello di mettere in luce come la forza della vita e il potere sulla vita esigano di essere integrati e completati in strutture concettuali e teoriche più ampie e più organiche, per evitare unilateralità e aporie. Risulta che una posizione meramente vitalista rischia di negare se stessa e invoca una norma, che, a sua volta, sia in grado di richiamare un ordine costitutivo, non frutto esclusivo di arbitrio, ma dotato di intrinseca intelligibilità, in modo da attuare un raccordo e una connessione tra la dimensione naturale e l’orizzonte personale, in cui la vita si eleva alla consapevolezza e alla libertà responsabile. Il richiamo all’ethos vuole, allora, comporre i livelli della vita, del potere su di essa e delle norme per regolarlo in una prospettiva complessiva, nella quale il momento soggettivo e quello oggettivo si implichino reciprocamente, in modo da evitare sia forme di imposizione estranea, percepite come eteronome, sia l’esaltazione dell’opzione arbitraria, assunta come unica regola. L’ultimo passo porta ad allargare il discorso dall’ambito umano a quello dell’intera realtà, per sottolineare come natura e persona possano essere connesse, se a fondamento ultimo sta un Logos creatore e ordinatore, un’Intelligenza creatrice, capace di rendere possibile una verità delle cose a un livello primariamente ontologico. Il percorso concettuale sviluppato cerca di delineare, in tal modo, un processo, insieme teorico e reale, in cui le possibilità della tecnica in relazione alla vita e alla vita umana non siano affidate alla mera casualità di scelte arbitrarie e di opzioni prometeiche, ma vengano collocate in un più ampio orizzonte ontologico, dotato di intrinseca intelligibilità e finalità, e quindi capace di raccordare, a un livello più alto e più profondo, natura e cultura, ordine oggettivo e progettualità personale, libertà e responsabilità. ---------- This paper analyses the relation between life and power, inquiring into some of the most important theories in history of philosophy, and in particular some works by Kelsen and Schmitt. Our purpose is to cast light on how the power of life and the power on life need to be encompassed and integrated in a more comprehensive conceptual and theoretical framework, in order to avoid paradoxes and unilateral positions. In fact, a simply vitalist position risks falling into a internal contradiction, denying itself. Vitalism requires rules deriving from a constitutive order that cannot be the exclusive result of will; on the contrary, it must be characterized by intrinsic intelligibility. On this perspective, natural and personal dimensions can be related to each other, and life can rise to self-consciousness and responsible freedom. The notion of ethos could reconcile the different levels of life, power on life, and the norms aimed at regulating it into a complex perspective, in which the subjective and objective dimensions depend on each other. This account can thereby avoid the risk of embracing extreme positions, characterized by external forms of imposition, perceived as heteronomous, or by the absolute exaltation of will, considered as the only rule. The last conceptual step leads to extend this viewpoint from the human sphere to the whole reality. On this view, nature and person can be related to each other on the grounds of Logos, or Intelligence, conceived as their ultimate foundation and regarded as the principle that creates and ordinates reality, showing its underlying truth at a primarily ontological level. The purpose of this conceptual system is to trace a theoretical process grounded on reality, in which the technological possibilities of intervening on life and human life are not left to arbitrary choices or promethean decisions. On the contrary, such possibilities should be considered within a broader ontological perspective defined by an intrinsic intelligibility and goal. This perspective can join together at a higher and deeper level nature and culture, objective order and personal aims, freedom and responsibility.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Syed Farhan Mohsin, Syed Imran Jami

Semantic web is the growing field whose integration with Distributed Information System helps it in gluing technology. The framework of Semantic web deals with the representation, logic, rules and trust. We in this work surveyed the representation aspect of Semantic web by exploring ontologies proposed in various domains in the last three years. We observed that the research trends in semantic web for distributed information system is going in two directions i) theoretical framework ii) development of ontologies across different domains. We limited our work towards the domain of distributed information systems. Several detailed ontologies have been identified that are developed for integration with distributed information system across different domains. We conclude that ontologies need extensive work in its foundation, while more domains should be further explored in the development of robust information system in distributed environment.


Semiotica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (222) ◽  
pp. 347-363
Author(s):  
Yicun Jiang

AbstractThis paper aims to elaborate an epistemology of metaphor in the Peircean semiotic tradition. As a logician, Peirce sees metaphor as a result of logical processes that create new meaning. His exposition on iconicity and iconic reasoning has laid a solid foundation upon which may be erected a fresh epistemology of metaphor fit for the contemporary study of language and mind. Broadly speaking, metaphor in Peirce can be examined from two perspectives: macroscopically it is an icon as opposed to index and symbol, whereas microscopically it is a subdivided hypoicon on the third level as opposed to image and diagram. Semioticians after Peirce have further developed his theory of metaphor. Through his concept of “arbitrary iconicity,” Ersu Ding stresses the subjective nature of metaphorization and tries to draw our attention to the specific cultural contexts in which metaphors occur. He also emphasizes the diversity and multivalency of metaphorical vehicles. Umberto Eco sees the interpretation of signs as an open-ended process that involves knowledge of all kinds. Encyclopedic knowledge thus serves as an unlimited source for metaphorical association. For Eco, the meaning of a metaphor should be interpreted in the cultural framework based on a specific cultural community. These ideas are in line with Peirce’s theoretical framework where the meaning of a metaphor depends on an interpreter in a particular socio-historical context. Based on the above theories, the present article proposes a cultural space where innumerable semantic features of objects or life situations are rhizomaticly linked on the basis of encyclopedic knowledge shared by members of a particular culture.


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