Crayfish population genetic studies: assessment and trends

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Chester R. Figiel
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
As Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Crayfish Population

Abstract I surveyed the peer-reviewed literature for studies on crayfish population genetics over the last 20 years (1996 to 2015). My objectives were to determine if there is research disparities based on crayfish conservation status, ecological group, geographic location, and genetic methods used. Additionally, I wished to determine overall trends in crayfish genetics related to population variability, systematics, and technique development. An extensive literature search yielded 201 peer-reviewed articles with genetic information published on 335 of the 590 crayfish species found worldwide. The majority of peer-reviewed articles took place in Europe and Australia/Oceania despite the fact that crayfish biodiversity is greatest in North America. Crayfish within each ecological group (primary burrowers, lotic inhabitants, lentic inhabitants, and stygobitic species) are represented in these published papers. I found published articles on ~ 57% of the estimated 590 extant species. Further, of the 173 species listed as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, or as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, I found published research on ~ 62% of these species in these classifications thus indicating a knowledge gap for many imperiled species. This lack of basic genetic (and ecological) information is significant as species designation is often used to determine where we should focus our conservation actions. Understanding what constitutes a single interbreeding population and identifying taxonomic designations are priorities for defining conservation management plans.

Crayfish population genetic studies: assessment and trends

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Chester R. Fieiel
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
As Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Crayfish Population

Abstract I surveyed the peer-reviewed literature for studies on crayfish population genetics over the last 20 years (1996 to 2015). My objectives were to determine if there is research disparities based on crayfish conservation status, ecological group, geographic location, and genetic methods used. Additionally, I wished to determine overall trends in crayfish genetics related to population variability, systematics, and technique development. An extensive literature search yielded 201 peer-reviewed articles with genetic information published on 335 of the 590 crayfish species found worldwide. The majority of peer-reviewed articles took place in Europe and Australia/Oceania despite the fact that crayfish biodiversity is greatest in North America. Crayfish within each ecological group (primary burrowers, lotic inhabitants, lentic inhabitants, and stygobitic species) are represented in these published papers. I found published articles on ~ 57% of the estimated 590 extant species. Further, of the 173 species listed as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, or as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, I found published research on ~ 62% of these species in these classifications thus indicating a knowledge gap for many imperiled species. This lack of basic genetic (and ecological) information is significant as species designation is often used to determine where we should focus our conservation actions. Understanding what constitutes a single interbreeding population and identifying taxonomic designations are priorities for defining conservation management plans.

scholarly journals The state of biodiversity in Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhair S. Amr
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
Rich Fauna

This report is based on extensive literature search to reveal the elements of animal and plan biodiversity in the State of Kuwait, and points out missing information on other little-known groups. Despite its small area, Kuwait enjoys a rich fauna, given its desert and marine habitats. Hundreds of published scientific papers and reference books were reviewied to amass all species, fauna and flora, that were reported from Kuwait. Conservation status for several groups according to the IUCN listing are included.

scholarly journals Effect of COVID-19 on congenital heart disease children: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ibrahim Ali ◽  
Hisham Fayiz Alkhuzaie ◽  
Saleh Abbas Alhashim ◽  
Hadeel Abdulhameed Hassan ◽  
Amal Hassan Tawhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Case Volume ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Genetic Syndrome ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
The Impact

Congenital heart diseases are the most common birth defects and have variable levels of severity. Some studies showed that CHD increases the odds of COVID-19 realted complications; however, others suggested that there is no such a correlation. Due to the aforementioned lack of evidence, we aim in this review to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of COVID-19 infection on CHD patients. For that, an extensive literature search of Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases was performed using the medical subject headings or a combination of all possible related terms. Patients diagnosed with both CHD and COVID-19 infection has reported that CHD patients, especially those with a genetic syndrome, are at high risk to develop moderate to severe symptoms. Moreover, CHD surgeries were postponed or even canceled, with a decline in overall admission days, due to hospital protocol or pateints’ decisions. Also, the findings suggested that congenital heart surgeries can be safely done during the pandemic when there is case volume limitation, with the safety precautions are followed by both surgical staff and patients. In conclusion, the scarce evidence along with the variety in CHD types and their different clinical presentations; makes it hard to predict the outcomes and to manage CHD-COVID-19 co-morbid children. More studies are needed to guide management plans in this particular context.

Anticancer Hybrid Combinations: Mechanisms of Action, Implications and Future Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (36) ◽  
pp. 4312-4333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Domínguez-Martín ◽  
Ana M. Díaz-Lanza ◽  
Célia M. C. Faustino
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Components ◽  
Combination Regimens

The exponential growth of cancer cases worldwide together with recent advances concerning the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease at the molecular level led to a paradigm shift in chemotherapy, from monotherapy to targeted drug combination regimens. However, adverse effects and the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) limit the effectiveness of these therapies. In this context, hybrid combinations mixing anticancer drugs and bioactive phytochemical components from medicinal plants, or even plant extracts, that can act synergistically on multiple targets and signaling pathways represent a promising approach with the potential to expand the current therapeutic arsenal. This review aims to provide a synopsis on anticancer hybrid combinations based on their multi-target mechanisms and synergistic effects from an extensive literature search focusing mainly on publications from the last ten years. In most of these combinations, the phytochemical component was shown to enhance the anticancer activity of the chemotherapeutic agent and to sensitize chemoresistant tumors in several types of cancer. Hybrid combinations, due to synergistic interactions, are also associated with less severe adverse events since lower doses can be used to achieve the same therapeutic effect. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed, as well as the development of an adequate regulatory framework, before hybrid combination therapy can be translated into clinical practice.

Recent developments and opportunities in fighting COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Rao ◽  
Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Discharged Patients ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Health Organization

Background: COVID-19, a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) was first diagnosed in the patients from Wuhan, China in December 2019. Within couple of months of infection, it was declared as pandemic by World health organization. COVID-19 has become the most contagious infection with a serious threat to global health. In this review, we aimed to discuss the pathogenesis, diagnostics, current treatments and potential vaccines for COVID-19. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted using keywords “COVID-19”; “Coronavirus”; “SARS-Cov-2”; “SARS” in public domains of Google, Google scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Selected articles were used to construct this review. Results: SARS-Cov-2 uses the Spike (S) protein on its surface to recognize the receptor on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and bind with 10-folds greater affinity than SARS-Cov-1. Molecular assays and immunoassays are the most frequently used tests whereas computed tomography (CT) scans, Artificial intelligence enabled diagnostic tools were also used in patients. In therapeutic treatment, few drugs were repurposed and there are 23 therapeutic molecules including the repurposed drugs are in different stages of clinical trial. Similarly, development of vaccines is also in the pipeline. Few countries have managed well to contain the spread by rapid testing and identifying the clusters. Conclusion: Till now, the acute complications and mortality of COVID-19 has been linked to the pre-existing comorbid conditions or age. Besides the development of therapeutic strategies that includes drugs and vaccine, the long term implication of COVID-19 infection in terms of the disorder/disability in the cured/discharged patients is a new area to investigate.

scholarly journals The Differential Diagnosis of Sterile Pyuria in Pediatric Patients: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2199371
Author(s):  
Donald W. Bendig
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Sterile Pyuria ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Definition Of

Sterile pyuria is a common finding in pediatric patients. Literature describing the diagnoses as well as clinical characteristics of children with sterile pyuria is lacking. This review was performed to establish an evidence-based approach to the differential diagnosis by way of an extensive literature search. The definition of pyuria is inconsistent. The various causes of pediatric sterile pyuria identified were classified as either Infectious or Non-Infectious. Sub-categories of Infectious causes include: Viral Infection, Bacterial Infection, Other Infections (tuberculosis, fungal, parasitic), Sexually Transmitted Infections, Recent Antibiotic Therapy. Non-Infectious causes include: Systemic Disease, Renal Disease, Drug Related, Inflammation adjacent to Genitourinary Tract. Clinicians that encounter pediatric patients with sterile pyuria and persistent symptoms should consider the substantial differential diagnosis described in this study.

scholarly journals Can Vaccination Trigger Autoimmune Disorders? A Meta-Analysis

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Marek Petráš ◽  
Ivana Králová Lesná ◽  
Jana Dáňová ◽  
Alexander M. Čelko
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Measures Of Association ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
The Stability

Vaccination as an important tool in the fight against infections has been suggested as a possible trigger of autoimmunity over the last decades. To confirm or refute this assumption, a Meta-analysis of Autoimmune Disorders Association With Immunization (MADAWI) was conducted. Included in the meta-analysis were a total of 144 studies published in 1968–2019 that were available in six databases and identified by an extensive literature search conducted on 30 November 2019. The risk of bias classification of the studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The strength of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. While our primary analysis was conducted in terms of measures of association employed in studies with a low risk of bias, the robustness of the MADAWI outcome was tested using measures independent of each study risk of bias. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed to determine the stability of the outcome. The pooled association of 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.02), based on a total of 364 published estimates, confirmed an equivalent occurrence of autoimmune disorders in vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. The same level of association reported by studies independently of the risk of bias was supported by a sufficient number of studies, and no serious limitation, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias. A sensitivity analysis did not reveal any discrepancy in the primary result. Current common vaccination is not the cause of any of the examined autoimmune disorders in the medium and long terms.

scholarly journals Natura 2000 sites and fisheries in German offshore waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Anker Pedersen ◽  
Heino Fock ◽  
Jochen Krause ◽  
Christian Pusch ◽  
Anne L. Sell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Favourable Conservation Status ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Natura 2000 Site ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Fishing Impacts

Abstract Pedersen, S. A., Fock, H., Krause, J., Pusch, C., Sell, A. L., Böttcher, U., Rogers, S. I., Sköld, M., Skov, H., Podolska, M., Piet, G. J., and Rice, J. C. 2009. Natura 2000 sites and fisheries in German offshore waters.–ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 155–169. The principal objective of sites selected as part of Natura 2000 is to achieve or maintain a favourable conservation status of habitats and species named in the EU Birds and Habitats directives. In the German exclusive economic zone, the habitat types protected by this legislation are sandbanks and reefs; protected species include marine mammals, seabirds, and specific migratory fish species. The ICES project Environmentally Sound Fishery Management in Protected Areas (EMPAS) aims to answer two questions: (i) To what extent do specific fishing activities significantly threaten attainment of the conservation objectives of the Natura 2000 sites? (ii) What management measures would reduce these conflicts and how effective would they be at helping to ensure the favourable condition of these sites? Assessments of fishing impacts on Natura 2000 sites require basic data on the conservation status of individual habitats and species, as well as data for fine-scale distributions of ongoing fishing activities. This paper describes and discusses the process used by the EMPAS project in developing fishery-management plans for each Natura 2000 site in German offshore waters.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal biomechanics in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects: a systematic review

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria ◽  
Viviane Amaral Saliba ◽  
Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

INTRODUCTION: Sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit are two of the most mechanically demanding activities undertaken in daily life and which are usually impaired in stroke subjects. OBJECTIVES: To determine the distinguishing characteristics in musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes of the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects, with an emphasis on the clinical management of stroke disabilities, in a systematic review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed with the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, LILACS, and SciELO databases, followed by a manual search, to select studies on musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes in both activities with stroke subjects, without language restrictions, and published until December/2007. RESULTS: Out of the 432 studies, only 11 reported biomechanical outcomes of both activities and none reached the total score on the selected quality parameters. The majority of the experimental studies which compared groups did not achieve acceptable scores on their methodological quality (PEDRo). The investigated conditions and interventions were also restricted. Only one study compared biomechanical outcomes between the activities, but only evaluated the time spent to perform them. Few musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes have been investigated, being weight bearing on the lower limbs and duration of the activities the most investigated. CONCLUSION: There is little information regarding musculoskeletal biomechanical outcomes during these activities with stroke subjects and no definite conclusions can be drawn regarding the particularities of these outcomes on their performance with stroke survivors.

scholarly journals Magnetic Suspension with Motorization to Measure the Speed of Gravity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1760020
Author(s):  
Henrique Linares ◽  
Carlos Frajuca ◽  
Fabio S. Bortoli ◽  
Givanildo A. Santos ◽  
Francisco Y. Nakamoto
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Magnetic Suspension ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Sliding Bearing ◽  
Speed Of Gravity ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Hybrid Bearing

This work aims to design a magnetic suspension for an experiment to measure gravitys velocity. Such device must rotate two objects symmetrically with the greatest mass and largest radius as possible, at the speed of [Formula: see text], which means this device falls into the high-speed machines category. The guidelines and solutions proposed in this paper constitute a contribution to this class of engineering problems and were based on an extensive literature search, contacts with experts, the tutors and author’s experience, as well as on experimental results. The main solution proposed is a hybrid bearing that combines a radial passive magnetic bearing with an axial sliding bearing, here called MPS (Magnetic Passive and Sliding) bearing.

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