Cities as actors of globalization: differences between federal subjects and municipalities in Russia and Germany

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
O.V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Business Taxes ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
City District ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Territorial Division ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Analyze Data

The article compares the situation in Russia and Germany with differences between cities of various status by their powers and budget revenues. We analyze data on the number and population of urban districts in Russia and their analogues in Germany, on the execution of budgets of cities-municipalities and cities-regions. It is shown that the system of territorial division in Russia at the municipal level differs from the German one by noticeably greater fragmentation and the dominance of urban districts of low population. In both countries, local budgets are focused on solving social problems and developing local infrastructure, and approaches to securing tax sources for local budgets are common. At the same time, the contrast between the budget indicators (income and expenditure per capita, the share of inter- budget transfers in income) of cities-regions and cities-municipalities in Russia is significantly higher than in Germany, which limits the ability of city district authorities to conduct independent economic policy, including support for the development of foreign economic relations. The author suggests ways to increase the revenue base of local budgets in Russia (crediting all small business taxes to their budgets, improving the quality of land and real estate accounting, managing non-tax revenues), as well as giving local government bodies of different population groups different powers.

Determinants of Investment by the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund: GDP vs. Institutions

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1850218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Caner ◽  
Turanay Caner ◽  
Thomas J. Grennes
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Institutional Investor ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Fund ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Analyze Data

During the current episode of globalization, capital has flown primarily to high income countries. Attempts to explain this “Lucas Paradox” have focused on the quality of institutions. We analyze data from a major institutional investor, the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund, to estimate the separate effects of income per capita and institutional quality on international capital flows. After controlling for institutional quality, GDP per capita remains the primary determinant of investment.

Traditions of foreign countries studies in modern russian economic expertise

2015 ◽  
pp. 116-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Modern Application ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
World Development

The article deals with Russian traditions of studies of foreign countries which have become an intellectual pillar for Russian economic expertise. The modern application of experience of Soviet scientific schools in international studies is shown, especially in the fields of world development forecasts, analysis of Russian foreign economic relations and research of economic policy abroad. The article is based on open sources with publications, reports and presentations about expert and analytical activities of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) and other institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, VNIKI-Institute, MGIMO-University and some other centers. It is explained that results of international studies have become a necessary element for consulting of governmental bodies and businessmen in the epoch of globalization.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

The Quality of Kazakhstan’s Economic Policy and Balance of Payments

2008 ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
K. Arystanbekov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Macroeconomic Efficiency

Kazakhstan’s economic policy in 1996-2007, its character and the degree of responsibility, the correlation between economic development and balance of current accounts are considered in the article. Special attention is paid to the analysis of their macroeconomic efficiency. It is concluded that in conditions of high rates of economic growth in Kazahkstan in 2000-2007 the net profits of foreign investors are 10-11% of GDP every year. The tendency of negative balance of current accounts in favor of foreign investors is also analyzed.

STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF RAISING THE RETIREMENT AGE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN RUSSIA AND EUROPE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Apenko ◽  
◽  
Olga Kiriliuk ◽  
Elena Legchilina ◽  
Tatiana Tsalko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of a study of the impact of pension reform in Russia on economic growth and quality of life in a digital economy, taking into account the experience of raising the retirement age in Europe. The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the impact of raising the retirement age on economic growth in the context of the development of digitalization in Russia and a comparative analysis with European countries. Results: the studies conducted allowed us to develop a system of indicators characterizing the impact of raising the retirement age on economic growth and the quality of life of the population in the context of digitalization. The authors found that raising the retirement age leads to a change in labor relations in Russia and Europe. The application of the proposed indicators can be used in the formation of a balanced state socio-economic policy in the field of institutional changes in the field of labor relations and raising the retirement age. The study was carried out under a grant from the RFBR № 19-010-00362 А.

Management and Status of Japanese Public Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Goda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Japanese Rivers ◽  
Per Capita

The management and status of public water bodies in Japan is discussed. The environmental quality standards which have been set and the levels of compliance with these standards are shown. The water quality of Japanese rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands and coastal waters is described, and eutrophication problems are mentioned. The effects of changes in population density and levels of recycling of industrial wastewaters on the quality of water bodies are discussed. Almost 75% of industrial wastewater is now recycled. Per capita availability of freshwater in Japan is comparatively low, and the construction of 530 dams, in addition to the 2393 dams already in operation, is planned. Irrigation effluents from paddy fields are a major factor which influences river water quality in Japan. The improvement of water quality using various methods is discussed.

Centripetal Democratic Governance: A Theory and Global Inquiry

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN GERRING ◽  
STROM C. THACKER ◽  
CAROLA MORENO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Constitutional Level ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

Why are some democratic governments more successful than others? What impact do various political institutions have on the quality of governance? This paper develops and tests a new theory of democratic governance. This theory, which we label centripetalism, stands in contrast to the dominant paradigm of decentralism. The centripetal theory of governance argues that democratic institutions work best when they are able to reconcile the twin goals of centralized authority and broad inclusion. At the constitutional level, our theory argues that unitary, parliamentary, and list-PR systems (as opposed to decentralized federal, presidential, and nonproportional ones) help promote both authority and inclusion, and therefore better governance outcomes. We test the theory by examining the impact of centripetalism on eight indicators of governance that range across the areas of state capacity, economic policy and performance, and human development. Results are consistent with the theory and robust to a variety of specifications.

Prospects for the development of normmaking using information technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
A.B. Sadvakasov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
New Information ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Consistent Approach

A consistent approach to improving the quality of draft of normative legal acts contributes to the development of socio-economic relations in the country, reducing bureaucratic procedures and generally improves public administration. The quality of rule-making and its effectiveness largely determine the implementtion of a particular state policy task. Kazakhstan has created all conditions for the development of legislation and its improvement. Moreover, measures are being taken to introduce new information technologies to adjust existing legal norms. The article describes the existing system of state rulemaking, as well as the prospects for using new technologies.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL DISTRIBUTION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES THE UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SECURITY CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (5 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 310-314
Author(s):  
Volodymyr GEVKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Budget Decentralization ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In modern transformational conditions, the formation of Ukrainian statehood with the choice of the European course of urgency is gaining the issue of budget decentralization, where the key figures are the efficiency of local governments. In this regard, there is a problem of optimal redistribution of financial resources and powers of local authorities, which today are the main and most relevant for improving the efficiency of the budget system as a whole, because the effectiveness of socio-economic policy and its economic security directly depend on rational built and balanced system of economic relations, a clear redistribution of financial resources and flexibility of ways to use them. The article conducts a comprehensive study the mechanism of distribution financial resources the united territorial community in the context of security. The system of management balanced development the united territorial community on the basis of application of safety conditions is substantiated. It is proposed to consider the distribution of budget funds in the territorial community depending on the area, the number of rural residents and the actual income of village (settlement) for the relevant period. Two projects of algorithm calculation the budget with separation of main stages are formed.

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CONSULTING ENGINEER IN UKRAINE: REGULATORY PROBLEMS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Brovdii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

Some aspects of the economic and legal status of a consulting engineer are analyzed, taking into account the specifics of national legislation. Some problems of the legal status of the consulting engineer and the forms of his economic activity are revealed. The introduction of such an entity as a consulting engineer in the modern conditions of construction development is of particular importance due to the need to improve the quality of construction work, the development of competition in this area and the need to change approaches to economic activity in this area. It is established that the concept of consulting engineer is defined in some special regulations, in particular, regulating activities in the field of road construction, but the economic and legal aspects of his business remain unresolved. This significantly affects the effectiveness of the introduction of the institute of consulting engineers in the field of management. The problem of lack of clear definition of the form of conducting economic activity by the specified participant of economic relations is revealed. The necessity of adopting a special normative legal act, namely the Law of Ukraine "On the activities of consulting engineers", in which to regulate general issues of their legal status, features of the organization of its activities, responsibilities, etc is proved. The author's definition of the concept of consulting engineer is proposed, taking into account the need to establish the organizational and legal form of his business, which will ensure proper regulation of relations between him and other participants in construction relations, including contractors and customers. The solution of some problems of the economic and legal status of the consulting engineer under the legislation of Ukraine is offered. The expediency of conducting the activity of a consulting engineer as a self-employed person, or carrying out its activity by creating a legal entity (association of consulting engineers) is substantiated. In addition, in our opinion, an entity that carries out engineering activities and has concluded employment contracts with duly accredited consulting engineers has the right to provide the services of a consulting engineer.

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