scholarly journals Effects of silicon and drought stress on biochemical characteristics of leaves of upland rice cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir Mauad ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Hélio Grassi Filho ◽  
Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics

scholarly journals Molecular and Physiological Responses of Rice and Weedy Rice to Heat and Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Leonard Bonilha Piveta ◽  
Nilda Roma-Burgos ◽  
José Alberto Noldin ◽  
Vívian Ebeling Viana ◽  
Claudia de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars

Rice is the staple food for about half of the world population. Rice grain yield and quality are affected by climatic changes. Arguably, rice cultivars’ genetic diversity is diminished from decades of breeding using narrow germplasm, requiring introgressions from other Oryza species, weedy or wild. Weedy rice has high genetic diversity, which is an essential resource for rice crop improvement. Here, we analyzed the phenotypic, physiological, and molecular profiles of two rice cultivars (IRGA 424 and SCS119 Rubi) and five weedy rice (WR), from five different Brazilian regions, in response to heat and drought stress. Drought and heat stress affected the phenotype and photosynthetic parameters in different ways in rice and WR genotypes. A WR from Northern Brazil yielded better under heat stress than the non-stressed check. Drought stress upregulated HSF7A while heat stress upregulated HSF2a. HSP74.8, HSP80.2, and HSP24.1 were upregulated in both conditions. Based on all evaluated traits, we hypothesized that in drought conditions increasing HSFA7 expression is related to tiller number and that increase WUE (water use efficiency) and HSFA2a expression are associated with yield. In heat conditions, Gs (stomatal conductance) and E’s increases may be related to plant height; tiller number is inversely associated with HSPs expression, and chlorophyll content and Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration) may be related to yield. Based on morphology, physiology, and gene regulation in heat and drought stress, we can discriminate genotypes that perform well under these stress conditions and utilize such genotypes as a source of genetic diversity for rice breeding.

scholarly journals Competition between drought-tolerant upland rice cultivars and weeds under water stress condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Cerqueira ◽  
E.A.L. Erasmo ◽  
J.I.C. Silva ◽  
T.V. Nunes ◽  
G.P. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Water Conditions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the competitiveness of two cultivars of upland rice drought-tolerant, cultured in coexistence with weed S. verticillata, under conditions of absence and presence of water stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Experimental Station of the Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Gurupi-TO Campus. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 x 4 with four replications. The treatments consisted of two rice cultivars under two water conditions and four densities. At 57 days after emergence, were evaluated in rice cultivars and weed S. verticillata leaf area, dry weight of roots and shoots and total concentration and depth of roots. Was also evaluated in rice cultivars, plant height and number of tillers. Water stress caused a reduction in leaf area, the concentration of roots and vegetative components of dry matter (APDM, and MSR MST) of rice cultivars and Jatoba Catetão and weed S. verticillata. The competition established by the presence of the weed provided reduction of all vegetative components (MSPA, and MSR MST) of cultivars and Jatoba Catetão. It also decreased the number of tillers, the concentration of roots and leaf area. At the highest level of weed competition with rice cultivars, a greater decrease in vegetative components and leaf area of culture, regardless of water conditions.

scholarly journals Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Hildernando Bezerra Barreto ◽  
Ismail Soares ◽  
José Almeida Pereira ◽  
Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽  
José Aridiano Lima de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering.

scholarly journals Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosep S. Mau ◽  
Antonius Ndiwa ◽  
Shirly Oematan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease

Abstract. Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Oematan SS. 2020. Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1625-1634. Brown spot is one of the most devastating diseases of rice, which could lead to total yield loss. The disease has a worldwide distribution, more specifically in areas where water supply is scarce, most specifically in the dry upland areas. Almost all stages of rice are affected by the disease, where leaves and grains are mostly affected. Considerable differences exist in susceptibility to brown spot among rice varieties, which may cause a large variation in yield loss caused by the disease. Therefore, the resistance level of rice varieties and their yield reduction has to be regularly evaluated and updated. There are only a few reports on the relationship between brown spot severity with yield and yield loss of upland rice, and is even lacking in pigmented upland rice. The objectives of the present study were to assess the brown spot severity and resistance level in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, and to elucidate their relationships with yield and yield reduction. Twenty four pigmented upland rice genotypes were evaluated in the field during May to October 2019, and their disease responses and yields were recorded. Disease severity was observed weekly and used to calculate Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for comparison among the genotypes. The relationships between disease severity and AUDPC with yield and yield loss were also examined. The results showed significant variation in brown spot severity and AUDPC, ranging from, respectively, 11.11% to 40.70% and 398.42%-days to 1081.30%-days. Yields and yield losses of test genotypes also varied substantially. Yields under diseased-free and diseased plots ranged from, respectively, 2.34 t ha-1 to 6.13 t ha-1 and 1.68 t ha-1 to 3.74 t ha-1 while yield loss was between 10.46% and 56.15%. Six genotypes were moderately resistant, four genotypes were moderately susceptible and 14 genotypes were susceptible to brown spot. Neither disease severity nor AUDPC had a linear relationship with yield but both exhibited positive and linear relationships with yield loss.

scholarly journals Resistance spectra of six elite breeding lines of upland rice to Pyricularia grisea

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sitarama Prabhu ◽  
Emílio da Maia de Castro ◽  
Leila Garcês de Araújo ◽  
Rodrigo Fascin Berni
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Differential Reaction ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines

The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance spectra of six elite breeding lines of rice, developed for improved yield and grain quality, in inoculation tests in the greenhouse and in the field. Forty-six isolates of Pyricularia grisea collected from the cultivar Primavera, 31 from the cultivar Maravilha and 19 from six elite breeding lines, totaling 96 were utilized for inoculations. Out of 11 international and 15 Brazilian pathotypes, IC-1, IB-9, and BD-16, respectively, were identified as most frequent isolates collected from the cultivar Primavera. The isolates retrieved from Maravilha belong to four international and 11 Brazilian pathotypes, the predominant ones being IB-9 and IB-49 and BB-1 and BB-21, respectively. Lines CNAs 8711 and CNAs 8983 showed resistant reaction to all test isolates from Maravilha, while CNAs 8983 was susceptible to three isolates of Primavera pertaining to the pathotype IC-1. A majority of isolates exhibiting compatible reaction to Primavera were incompatible to Maravilha and vice-versa.Field assessment of rice blast utilizing the area under disease progress curve as a criterion for measuring disease severity showed significant differences among the six breeding lines. The isolates of P. grisea exhibiting differential reaction on breeding lines can be utilized in pyramiding resistance genes in new upland rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Hydro- and Osmo-priming Effects on Upland Rice Exposed to Drought Conditions at Vegetative and Reproductive Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartika Kartika ◽  
Benyamin Lakitan ◽  
Rofiqoh Purnama Ria
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Heading Stage

Drought stress during vegetative and/or generative stages could cause massive reduction in rice yield. This study evaluated effectiveness of hydro- and osmo-priming on improving seed germination, growth and development of upland rice under drought stress during late vegetative, booting, or heading stage. Treatments consisted of hydro-priming and osmo-priming consisted of three polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations i.e. 10%, 15%, and 20%. Results showed that application of osmo-priming at 10% PEG required longer time (21.93 hours) to reach 50% germination, lower germination and lower vigor index. However, after germination, seeds primed with 10% PEG exhibited better seedling growth than other seed priming treatments. Effects of seed priming on yield components were overshadowed by drought exposures. Drought imposed during vegetative stage did not significantly affect yield; however, regardless of seed priming treatments, yield reduction was inevitable in rice plants exposed to drought during booting or heading stages. Rice plant shortened time to reached physiological maturity as an adaptive mechanism if drought treatment was applied during heading stage. Keywords: Germination, Polyethylene glycol, Seedling growth, Seed priming, Yield component

scholarly journals Response of some upland rice varieties to drought stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
EDI PURWANTO ◽  
SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI ◽  
YONIAR EFFENDI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Four Levels

Purwanto E, Samanhudi, Yoniar Effendi Y. 2017. Response of some upland rice varieties to drought stress. Trop Drylands 1: 69-77. The study aimed to examine the response of upland rice varieties at germination stage on several PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) 6000 concentration levels and to determine growth characteristics, physiological changes and yield of upland rice varieties under drought stress condition in a pot experiment. The study consisted of two experiments; the first was to study germination and early growth, and the second was to study the vegetative and generative growth of upland rice under drought stress condition. Experiments I and II were conducted in a completely randomized factorial design consisted of two factors and three replications. In experiments I, the first factor was upland rice variety comprised of 10 varieties and the second factor was PEG concentration consisted of four levels. In experiment II, the first factor was upland rice varieties that responded the best to drought stress in experiment I, and the second factor was the drought stress treatment consisted of moisture content at 100, 75, 50 and 25% field capacity. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology and the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakarta. The results showed that the germination and vigor index decreased with increasing levels of PEG concentration. PEG concentration of 25 g L-1 of water was the most optimum for screening drought resistant upland rice. In experiment I, Towuti, Situ Patengang, Kalimutu and Gajah Mungkur varieties showed the best response to drought stress. Increased intensity of drought stress resulted in a reduction of plant height, number of tillers, dry weight, relative growth rate, leaf area, number of grains hill-1, 1000 grain weight, dry grain weight hill-1 and root dry weight. The drought stress also caused an earlier flowering date and increased percentage of empty grain. Based on the dry grain weight hill-1, Towuti exhibited a higher drought resistance level than Gajah Mungkur, Situ Patenggang and Kalimutu.

scholarly journals Bio-Priming Using Indigenous Pseudomonas Fluorescens To Improve Local Upland Rice (Padi Gogo) Production Of Paebiu Kolopua And Pae Wuna Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1885-1899
Author(s):  
Asri Razad ◽  
Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati ◽  
Tresjia C Rakian ◽  
Jendri Mamangkey ◽  
Marina Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Four Levels

Research was performed to evaluate the effect of biopriming technique using indigenous rhizobacteria in improving local upland rice from Southeast Sulawesi. Randomized group design was applied in this research using factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was upland rice cultivars consisting of 2 (two) levels of Paebiu Kolopua (V1) and Pae Wuna (V2) cultivars. Meanwhile, the second factor was rhizobacteria isolates, consisting of 4 (four) levels, those are without rhizobacteria treatment (R0), KNS11 isolate (R1), KLKU02 isolate (R2) and KNW11 isolate (R3). Research results indicated that interaction between Paebiu Kolopua cultivar and KLKU02 isolate treatment significantly affected plants height with 29.22% improvement and the amount of rice per panicle with 176.33% improvement compared to the control. Therefore, KLKU02 isolate can be recommeded as the best treatment to improve the production and outcome of local upland rice plant.

Cultivar and Weeding Effects on Weeds and Rice Yields in a Degraded Upland Environment of the Coastal Savanna

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Touré ◽  
Jonne Rodenburg ◽  
Kazuki Saito ◽  
Sylvester Oikeh ◽  
Koichi Futakuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Weed Suppressive Ability ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Growing Conditions

Weeds are a major constraint to rice production in labor-limited, upland rice-based systems in West Africa. The effects of weeding regimes and rice cultivars on weed growth and rice yield were investigated at two upland locations (Abomey-Calavi and Niaouli) in the degraded coastal savanna zone of Benin in 2005 and 2006 with below-average rainfall. Four weeding regimes (hoe weeding at 21 d after sowing [DAS], delayed hoe weeding at 31 DAS, hoe weeding at 21 and 42 DAS, and a no weeding control) were the main plot treatments. Cultivars comprising three interspecific upland rice cultivars (NERICA 1, NERICA 2, and NERICA 7) and the parents (Oryza sativaWAB56-104 andO. glaberrimaCG14) were tested in subplots. The most dominant weed species identified were Jamaican crabgrass,Mariscus, and silver spinach. Rice yield was generally low because of drought stress; none of the experiments had a higher mean yield than 1,400 kg ha−1across cultivars. Across cultivars, the best weeding regimes in terms of weed control and rice yields were single weeding at 31 DAS (W31) and double weeding at 21 and 42 DAS (W21+42). Under these weeding regimes, WAB56-104 out-yielded the three NERICA cultivars. CG14 showed the strongest weed suppressive ability (WSA) in Abomey-Calavi but did not have strong WSA in Niaouli because of lower biomass accumulation. WSA of WAB56-104 was similar to that of the three NERICA cultivars. Single weeding at 31 DAS, together with the use of cultivars with good adaptation to unfavorable rice growing conditions, would increase land and labor productivity of upland rice-based systems in West Africa.

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