scholarly journals Culture and social change: macroanalysis relationship

2017 ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
A. E. Khrenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Research Culture ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Per Capita

The author shows the main stages of the research culture infl uence social change. In the spotlight – cultural conditions for successful economic development. The infl uence of the main indicators of culture on economic development indicators (GDP per capita in purchasing power parity and the rate of economic growth).

Evaluation of socio-economic development of voivodships using HDI

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Hozer-Koćmiel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Simultaneous Growth

The aim of this article is to examine the level of socio-economic development of voivodships using HDI (Human Development Index), which considers life expectancy at birth, number of years of schooling and GDP per capita in purchasing power parity. The hypothesis about the increase in the level of voivodships development with simultaneous growth of differences between them was formulated. Statistics Poland’s data for the years 1995, 2010, 2013 and 2015 were used in the research. The research showed that HDI was growing systematically for all voivodships in the years 1995-2015 and confirmed the deepening diversification of voivodships in terms of socio-economic development. The most developed were such voivodships as: Mazowieckie, Małopolskie, Wielkopolskie and Dolnośląskie, whereas, the least developed ones were: Lubuskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Podkarpackie and Świętokrzyskie.

The effects of the economic crisis on income convergence in the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Stanišić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Per Capita

This paper evaluates income convergence in the European Union, between “old” (EU15) and “new” member states from Central and East Europe (CEE10), and among the countries within these two groups. The GDP per capita convergence should be expected according to the exogenous economic growth model and neoclassical trade theory. The presence of σ-convergence and both absolute and conditional β-convergence is tested for on a sample of 25 European Union countries (EU25). Results confirm the existence of β-convergence of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity among EU25, but not among EU15 and CEE10 countries. σ-convergence has been confirmed among EU25 and CEE10 countries, while GDP per capita has been diverging in the EU15 group of countries. Moreover, the results reveal that recent economic crisis has reversed long-term tendencies and led to income convergence within EU15 and divergence within CEE10. During the crisis, the income differences among the EU25 countries have increased, but the scope and duration of this effect has been limited and has not affected the long term convergence path. However, the obtained long term speed of convergence is significantly lower compared with the previous researches.

scholarly journals The influence of demographic factors on the economic development of the Azerbaijan: the interconnection problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Nagiyev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
World Population ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Demographic factors have sometimes occupied center-stage in the discussion of the sources of economic growth. In the 18th century, Thomas Malthus made the pessimistic forecast that GDP growth per capita would fall due to a continued rapid increase in world population. There is a straightforward accounting relationship when identifying the sources of economic growth: Growth Rate of GDP = Growth Rate of Population + Growth Rate of GDP per capita, where GDP per capita is simply GDP divided by population. This article examines the interconnection between economic development and the demographic policy of Azerbaijan. The article analyzes various approaches of the impact of demographic factors on the economic development of a country. The following demographic factors have been identified and described as significant for the economic development: fertility dynamics, mortality dynamics, population size and gender and age structure.

scholarly journals The Causality Relationship between Technological Development Indicators and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neşe Algan ◽  
Müge Manga ◽  
Muammer Tekeoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Per Capita

The improvements in technological development indicators play a driving role in the process of economic growth and industrialization. Especially, technological developments are vital for developing countries. This study investigates the relationship between the share of R & D expenditure in GDP, the number of patent applications and GDP per capita utilizing Granger causality test for the period of 1996 - 2015. According to Granger Causality test analysis results, it is concluded that short-term one-way causality from high-tech product exports and R & D spending to GDP per capita, and one-way causality relationship from GDP per capita to patent application numbers. In addition, long-term R & D expenditures and patent applications have resulted in a positive GDP per capita, while high-tech exports, contrary to anticipation, negatively affected.

scholarly journals The Role of Fiscal Policy in Human Development: The Pakistan’s Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4II) ◽  
pp. 381-396
Author(s):  
Syed Ammad Ali ◽  
Hasan Raza ◽  
Muhammad Umair Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Per Capita

Human development considered as the engine of the economic growth as it improves the economy’s strength and increases the standard of living of the people, increases the choices and maximises the welfare of the society that is the prime objective of any government. The development of the human capabilities is also necessary for the sustainable growth, as there are many channels through which human development foster the economic growth. It increases the labour productivity, labour demand, employment and output. On the other hand, human capital also attracts physical capital.1 Empirically, it is very difficult to have an exact measure of human development and social welfare. Several proxies used to measure human development, e.g. GNI per capita as a measure of standard of living, Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) criterion to measure the cost of living and to measure the welfare, average year of schooling, school enrolment rate and health expenditures as a percentage of GDP to capture this composite welfare and development indicator. A fair index of Human Development Index (HDI) was developed by United Nations Development Programme in 1990. This index based on the standard of living (natural logarithm of GDP PPP per capita), access to knowledge (adult literacy rate with two-third weighting and the remaining is the gross enrolment ratio) and a healthy life (life expectancy at birth). The value of index varies from 0 to 1, lower the HDI, lesser would be the human development and welfare in the country or vice versa.

LATVIAN THEME PARK DEVELOPMENT IN KURZEME AND VIDZEME

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiba Rivza ◽  
Uldis Plumite
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Theme Parks ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
National Economic Policy ◽  
The Eu

The economy of Latvia is experiencing rapid development in the European Union and is an active participant of the United Nations and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. In recent years there have been several changes in both sectors and national economic policy. The total population in Latvia was estimated at 1.9 million inhabitants in 2019 and a total GDP per capita was 63% of the EU average, the lowest GDP per capita in purchasing power parity was recorded in Bulgaria - 46% of the EU average, Romania - 60% and Croatia - 62%. Lithuanian and Estonian GDP per capita in 2019 was accounted for 74% of the EU average. Latvia has more than 12 theme parks, but the amusement offer is small. Most of the theme parks are mostly located in Kurzeme and Vidzeme. Attraction Parks historically evolved near the big cities, where the infrastructure is highly developed. The aim is to increase the influx of tourists in regions where tourism products are amusement parks, thus developing more local businesses and the city's environment, increasing the demand for an active economic environment, but regional laws often hinder this development.

Energy consumption and economic development in Guangdong, China: Distribution, relationship and causes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Hu ◽  
Yafei Wang ◽  
Beicheng Xia ◽  
Guohe Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
Panel Vector Autoregression

Abstract Analysing the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is essential to achieve the goal of sustainable development. We employ hot spot analysis to discover the spatial agglomeration of GDP per capita and energy intensity in Guangdong, China, from 2005–2018. Furthermore, panel vector autoregression coupled with a system generalized method of moments is performed to examine the dynamic causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth under the framework of the Cobb-Douglas production function. Using a multivariate model and grouped studies based on the differences in regional economic development, we show that the GDP per capita of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) is significantly higher than that of the peripheral municipalities. However, energy intensity shows an entirely different spatial distribution. The development of the regional economy depends on its own “assembling effect”. GDP explains approximately 68.3% of the total variation in energy consumption in the PRD and only approximately 34.5% of that in the peripheral municipalities. We do not confirm Granger causality between energy consumption and economic development. Guangdong can decrease its energy consumption growth without substantially sacrificing its economic growth. The analysis framework of this paper has significant implications for regions in balancing economic development and energy consumption.

scholarly journals Has Albania's Economic Development Stalled? Investigating the Role of Institutional Factors in Albania's Economic Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Myslym Osmani ◽  
Kledi Kodra ◽  
Drini Salko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Per Capita

This study focuses on the institutional factors of Albania's economic development, from a comparative, dynamic, and regional European perspective. We use longitudinal data for the years 2002, 2014, and 2019 and a small selection of 13 countries in the region and some EU member states. Descriptive statistics, graphical representation, and econometric modeling are used for data analysis. The purpose of the study is to discuss, in real and comparative terms with the region and beyond, the economic growth of Albania based on the GDP per capita indicator, as well as to identify and evaluate dynamically the role of institutions in the country's development through important institutional factors, such as the effectiveness of government, rule of law, corruption, etc. The analysis shows that Albania's economic performance is weakover the last two decades. This is reflected in the insufficient relative growth of GDP per capita, the small increase in per capita income, and especially in the low increase in income for every 1% of relative growth. In these indicators, Albania continues to be consistently in the lowest positions in the region and beyond. The study highlights the strong link between economic growth and the effectiveness of government, the rule of law, and weak control over corruption. Improving corruption control by one unit in the range (-2.5 to 2.5) is expected to improve GDP per capita by an average of about 2.2 times. Improving the rule of law by one point is expected to improve GDP per capita on average by about 2.4 times. The country's sluggish economic performance is mainly attributed to weak institutions.   Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

What Would Make Morocco an Emerging Economy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Naciri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

Morocco is steadily progressing toward development and may well join the ranks of rich countries as early as in 2022. We perform least squares regressions on a sample of 12 components of economic freedom, for a total of 375 observations over 25 years (1995-2019). We also consider Morocco’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in USD billion, Morocco’s GDP growth as a percentage of change (pcGDP)and Morocco’s per capita GDP based on purchasing power parity (PPP) in USD for the last 25 years. The empirical evidence shows that during this period, Morocco achieved an enviable level of performance by increasing its GDP by 455%, despite the strong demographic pressures exerted by 35% population growth.[1]    However, the country’s performance in relation to some components of its economic freedom was so weak that it may end up jeopardizing this economic development momentum, as expressed by the behaviour of its pcGDP and the increase of this value over time. Morocco must introduce some fundamental changes in its economic freedom policies if it wishes to continue to progress. Fortunately, the country appears to have the determination to do so.   [1]According to the IMF, Morocco’s population grew from 26.7995 million in 1995 to 36.47 million in 2019, an increase of 36%.  

scholarly journals Breast cancer and socio-economic factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anees B. Chagpar ◽  
Mario Coccia
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose: The aim of this study is twofold – on the one hand, to analyze the relationship between incidence of breast cancer, income per capita and medical equipment across countries; after that, the study here discusses the drivers of the incidence of breast cancer across countries in order to pinpoint differences and similarities. Methods: The indicators used are incidence of breast cancer based on Age-standardized rate (ASW); Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita by purchasing power parity (current international $); computed tomography (CT) for cancer diagnosis. Data include 52 countries. The statistical analysis is carried out by correlation, ANOVA and an econometric modeling based on a multiple regression model of the breast cancer incidence on two explanatory variables. Results: Partial correlation is higher: rbreast cancer, GDP  CT=60.3% (sign.0.00). The estimated relationship shows an expected incidence of breast cancer increase of approximately 0.05% for a GDP increase of 1% and an expected incidence of breast cancer increase of approximately 3.23% for a CT increase of 1%. ANOVA confirms that incidence of breast cancer is higher across richer countries, ceteris paribus. Conclusions: Empirical evidence shows that the breast cancer tends to be higher across richer countries, measured by GDP per capita and number of Computed Tomography. The main determinants of these findings can be due to several socio-economic factors, mainly localized in richer countries. In addition, this research may provide an alternative interpretation to the theory of Oh et al. (2010) on the influence of latitude on breast cancer, focusing on socio-economic factors rather than biologic root causes.

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