scholarly journals Overview of the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Serbia and the Pirot County

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Milena Čavić ◽  
Jelena Grahovac ◽  
Radmila Zec ◽  
Miloš Stefanović ◽  
Elizabeta Aleksić
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Great Part ◽  
First Year ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Registered Case

The SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, corona virus) pandemic has introduced a sudden and overwhelming change into our everyday lives, which had a significant impact on various vital aspects of our society. The first officially registered case of infection was reported on December 31st, 2019. in Wuhan, China. Since then, its worldwide spread has led to a global pandemic of the respiratory disease COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 19). Up to May 31st, 2021, there have been over 169 million officially reported cases of infection in the world, with over 3.5 million deaths. Since the first day of the pandemic, huge efforts have been employed by the health and scientific community to enable most efficient diagnostics, treatment and prevention by development of efficient vaccines. In Serbia, the first official SARS-CoV-2 case was registered on March 6th, 2020. Until May 31st, 2021, the total number of infected people was 712 472, total number of deaths 6 865 and the mortality rate 0.96%. The first antiSARS-CoV-2 vaccine was administered on December 24th, 2020, and by May 31st 2021 over 2 million people were successfully vaccinated in Serbia. If any positive effects of the pandemic can be highlighted, the health institutions of our country have prepared protocols and recommendations which can be modified according to specific needs in the case of future pandemics. Further dynamic of this pandemic will depend in great part on our responsibility for personal and collective health, as well as on global measures undertaken to reach a new eagerly awaited normality.

A First-Time Leader in the Time of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 409-422
Author(s):  
Joshua Mims
Keyword(s):  
Historically Black ◽  
White Male ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
Black College ◽  
First Year ◽  
Historically Black College ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

In this case study, a faculty member at a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) shares their story of working as a white male in an all-Black college from first hire, to leaving, to returning in order to lead their former academic program. During their first year of leadership the author faced personal tragedy, professional promotion, strained relationships with colleagues, and finally, a global pandemic that changed the world. For those interested in the experiences of a first-time leader, this is a unique case study.

scholarly journals Influenza virus

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Juozapaitis ◽  
Linas Antoniukas
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Acute Pneumonia ◽  
First Time

Every year, especially during the cold season, many people catch an acute respiratory disease, namely flu. It is easy to catch this disease; therefore, it spreads very rapidly and often becomes an epidemic or a global pandemic. Airway inflammation and other body ailments, which form in a very short period, torment the patient several weeks. After that, the symptoms of the disease usually disappear as quickly as they emerged. The great epidemics of flu have rather unique characteristics; therefore, it is possible to identify descriptions of such epidemics in historic sources. Already in the 4th century BC, Hippocrates himself wrote about one of them. It is known now that flu epidemics emerge rather frequently, but there are no regular intervals between those events. The epidemics can differ in their consequences, but usually they cause an increased mortality of elderly people. The great flu epidemics of the last century took millions of human lives. In 1918–19, during “The Spanish” pandemic of flu, there were around 40–50 millions of deaths all over the world; “Pandemic of Asia” in 1957 took up to one million lives, etc. Influenza virus can cause various disorders of the respiratory system: from mild inflammations of upper airways to acute pneumonia that finally results in the patient’s death. Scientist Richard E. Shope, who investigated swine flu in 1920, had a suspicion that the cause of this disease might be a virus. Already in 1933, scientists from the National Institute for Medical Research in London – Wilson Smith, Sir Christopher Andrewes, and Sir Patrick Laidlaw – for the first time isolated the virus, which caused human flu. Then scientific community started the exhaustive research of influenza virus, and the great interest in this virus and its unique features is still active even today.

DAMPAK COVID -19 TERHADAP PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Miftahul Ulfah
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Even Order ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTThe spreading of a new corona virus named Covid-19 has caused so many death tolls to almost all countries in the world. Researchers suspect that this virus originated from the traditional market in China's Wuhan City selling a wide variety of fresh wet animals traded for consumption, including bats and pangolins which ultimately transmit the virus to humans. The World Health Organization has confirmed that Covid-19 transmission through droplets or sparks from infected people through talking, sneezing or coughing. With such causes, world governments recommend and even order the citizens to always maintain health and hygiene by washing hands, wearing masks, and covering mouths when sneezing or coughing. While in Islam, there are also procedures for behaving to maintain health and cleanliness. This literature study used qualitative method to examine the relevance of the global pandemic to the Islamic character education. This study then found that the influence of Covid-19 on the application of character education and Islamic education. This conclusion could be seen from the factors that influence the majority of characters carried out during the Covid-19 plague including instincts, habits, wills and conscience.Keywords: Application, Character Education, Covid-19, Islamic Education

Strategies for Virtual Online Student Support in the First-Year Economics Unit During the Global COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Anita Medhekar ◽  
Sreeparna Saha
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Student Support ◽  
First Year ◽  
Online Support ◽  
Online Student ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Teaching And Learning Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Healthcare Crisis

Online internet-based education and virtual teaching and learning have been forced upon the world due to coronavirus global pandemic healthcare crisis. Various internet and communication technology-assisted virtual delivery platforms are used, such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Hangouts, Skype, etc., to conduct lectures, tutorials, workshops, and provide online support to students. The main objective of this chapter is to reflect and compare the teaching and learning strategies in normal situation in contrast with the practice during COVID-19 environment. The chapter formalises an analysis of the challenges faced by lecturers in teaching and delivering first-year economics unit to the students, at the two institutions, and its impact on their learning of the economics core unit offered at the undergraduate Bachelor of Business program.

scholarly journals CLINICAL MANIFESTATION AND PATHOGENESIS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT IN SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS-2 INFECTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
VALENTINA TJANDRA DEWI ◽  
ANAK AGUNG AYU PUTRI LAKSMIDEWI ◽  
KETUT AYU SUDIARIANI
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The World

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has spread throughout the world and becomes a global pandemic. Various studies are still ongoing to be able to understand this viral infection in terms of symptomatology, transmission, pathogenesis, its treatment, and prevention. In addition to respiratory symptoms that are commonly reported in SARS-CoV-2 infections, there are many reports of symptoms appearing in other organ systems with one of them being neurological manifestation. The neurological manifestations involve not only the central and peripheral nervous systems but also there was also a suspicion that the potential invasion of SARS-CoV-2 in the nervous system might be able to take part in the occurrence of respiratory failure that is found in patients with COVID-19. The continuity of the study and the awareness of medical personnel from various fields of science must be increased to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuring optimal treatment for patients.

scholarly journals Iraq healthcare system: The first year of covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-18
Author(s):  
Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
System Data

Background: The year 2020 witnessed the rapid spread of covid-19 pandemic in Iraq and in almost all the countries in the world. This spread has created a serious health crises and a public health emergency in Iraq and throughout the world. Throughout the world, healthcare systems have been negatively influenced by the pandemic and experienced unexpected changes. We have previously provided several descriptions of the Iraq health care system from its evolution. However, little is known about the health care system in Iraq during the first year of the coves pandemic. The aim of this paper is provide a description of the healthcare system in Iraq during the year 2020, the first year of covid-19 global pandemic. Materials and methods: The available unpublished and published data about the Iraqi healthcare system during the first year of covid-19 pandemic, the year 2020 were examined. The data included more than 100 relevant unpublished and published information documents including journal articles, books, official reports of the Iraqi Ministry of Planning and Iraqi Ministry of Health. In addition, relevant useful data available at internet web sites were also reviewed. The available relevant data were classified into categories including; demographic data relevant to healthcare, Data related to covid-19 disease in Iraq, data related to the organizational structure of the healthcare system, data related to national healthcare policies including national healthcare mission, vision, strategic goals and plans, data related to healthcare system financing, data about healthcare services delivery, data about the workforce in the Iraq healthcare system, data related to child health and maternal, data about notifiable infectious disease, data about chronic disorders and the main causes of morbidity and mortality, and data about medical education and healthcare education. Many relevant healthcare data for three provinces (The Kurdish provinces in the north of Iraq) of the eighteen provinces in Iraq were not available in English or Arabic. Results: The population of Iraq in 2020 was estimated at 40.150.174 (20.284.823 males and 19.865.351 females). During the year 2020, 595291 cases of covid-19 disease were registered by the Iraqi Ministry of Health. 12813 (2.15%) patients died and 537841 (90.3%) patients experienced recovery. The organizational structure of the Iraq health system, the backbone of the Iraq healthcare system witnessed no important change from the description before covid-19 global pandemic in 2019. The declared mission and vision of the Iraqi Ministry of Health for the year 2020 were the same mission and vision of the Iraqi Ministry of Health that were declared in 2018. In 2020, the Iraqi Ministry of Health declared a strategic plan which included a vision and mission statements for the health information system. The first year of covid-19 pandemic in Iraq was not associated with an important increase in the number of primary healthcare centers. However, there was little increase in the number of governmental hospitals. Surprisingly, the bed occupancy rate of governmental hospitals during the first year of the pandemic was lower than the bed occupancy rate during the two years before the pandemic. The total number of hospitalized patients in 2020 was lower than the previous four years, but the mortality rate per 1000 hospitalized patients was significantly higher in 2020 than the previous four years. Conclusion: Covid-19 disease in Iraq was associated with a significant mortality during the year 2020. It actually changed the previously reported national mortality pattern as covid-19 has become the second most common cause of death in Iraq. Contradictory, to the general belief that mortality associated with covid-19 disease was generally restricted to the older age groups, 117 children under the age of ten years died because of covid-19 disease in 2020. This number of childhood deaths suggests the need to consider vaccination of the younger age groups and to perform the relevant research. Covid-19 disease has emerged as a new notifiable infectious disease in Iraq and throughout the world; therefore, it changed the pattern of notifiable infectious diseases in Iraq.

scholarly journals Pandemic metaphors: bibliometric study of the COVID-19 (co)llateral effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e7809119636
Author(s):  
Priscilla Chantal Duarte Silva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
General Aspect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web

The objective of this study is to analyze the (co)llateral effects of the pandemic in a general aspect, showing positive and negative effects. However, highlighting marked changes to the environment, given the time when the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere received a mandatory reduction as a result of social confinement. The methodological basis used is a systematic literature review, consulted in impact databases by the scientific community. We chose to search the Web of science, Science Direct and PubMed databases. The search keys were: pandemic, COVID-19, new coronavirus, effects of COVID-19. In addition, to analyze the presence of conceptual metaphors, opinion articles published in the world media, and published on the web during a pandemic were selected. The choice of texts is based on the theme of the new coronavirus and its impacts. The theoretical bias of Lakoff (1987; 2006) is adopted to explain metaphor on the cognitive plane, as a natural process of the human mind, that is, a way of thinking. This research is characterized in qualitative, bibliographic and analysis of content. The results show that the conceptual metaphors reveal an image of COVID-19 as the "savior" of the environment, for having forced man to stop as a need for carbon. It was concluded that the conceptual metaphors, being of a cognitive nature, appear in the form discourse, showing COVID-19 as agents of positive effects on the environment and business for the other areas of society.

scholarly journals A Review on COVID-19: Origin, Spread, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 7234-7242 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
Death Cases

A novel type of coronavirus, identified as 2019-nCoV or COVID-19, appeared in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and continued to spread in 2020. On January 24th, 2020, about 830 cases were reported in nine countries, namely: China, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, South Korea, Nepal, Vietnam, the United States, and Taiwan. Also, about 26 confirmed deaths have been recorded, especially for patients with serious underlying diseases. On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Until June 3rd, 2020, this outbreak virus caused over 6,500,000 detected infection cases in 210 countries and territories and around 383,000 confirmed death cases. Although information about the appearance of the virus, i.e., its origin and capacity to spread among people, is still unclear, there are growing numbers of cases that are occurring from the communication of infected people with uninfected ones. 2019-nCoV is the third coronavirus which was detected in humans in the past two decades, after SARS-CoV and Middle Eastern Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that appeared in 2002 and 2012, respectively. In this review, we summarized the up-to-date information regarding COVID-19’s origin, ways of spread, patients’ symptoms, treatment, and prevention.

scholarly journals COVID-19 datasets: A Survey and Future Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Shuja ◽  
Eisa Alanazi ◽  
Waleed Alasmary ◽  
Abdulaziz Alashaikh
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come

AbstractIn December 2019, a novel virus named as COVID-19 emerged in the city of Wuhan, China. In early 2020, the COVID-19 virus spread in all continents of the world except Antarctica causing widespread infections and deaths due to its contagious characteristics and no medically proven treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has been termed as most consequential global crisis after the World Wars. The first line of defense against the COVID-19 spread are the non-pharmaceutical measures like social distancing and personal hygiene. On the other hand, the medical service providers are the first responders for infected persons with severe symptoms of COVID-19. The great pandemic affecting billions of lives economically and socially has motivated the scientific community to come up with solutions based on computer-aided digital technologies for diagnosis, prevention, and estimation of COVID-19. Some of these efforts focus on statistical and Artificial Intelligence-based analysis of the available data concerning COVID-19. All of these scientific efforts necessitate that the data brought to service for the analysis should be open-source to promote the extension, validation, and collaboration of the work in the fight against the global pandemic. Our survey is motivated by the open-source efforts that can be mainly categorized as: (a) COVID-19 diagnosis from CT scans and X-ray images, (b) COVID-19 case reporting, transmission estimation, and prognosis from epidemiological, demographic, and mobility data, (c) COVID-19 emotional and sentiment analysis from social media, and (d) knowledge-based discovery and semantic analysis from the collection of scholarly articles covering COVID-19. We review and critically analyze works in these directions that are accompanied by open-source data and code. We hope that the article will provide the scientific community with an initiative to start open-source extensible and transparent research in the collective fight against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Facts and Recommendations of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: An Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-215
Author(s):  
The BASE Medicine Task Force
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
The Face ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Meaningful Role

Since the first SARS-CoV-2 infection was officially reported at the end of 2019, COVID-19 has quickly swept the world like a terrifying demon. The whole world is like entering a biological terrorist attack. Everyone seeks all kinds of useful or useless self-protection amidst extreme panic and uncomfortable sadness. The shutdown of the world has brought the entire pandemic crisis into an unprecedented level of confusion. In this process, various forces wrestled with each other, and even science and politics were mixed and strangled. This jumbled together of fish and dragons has cast a shadow of uncertainty over the entire atmosphere of fighting the pandemic. This updated task force provides the latest information on the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 from its occurrence, development, therapeutics, and prevention. Over several months, although the scientific community has spared no effort in searching for effective drugs that can effectively fight against SARS-CoV-2, the facts are not satisfactory. This task force provides potentially useful therapeutic information after careful identification and screening. It is hoped that it will play a meaningful role in the entire process of the siege of SARS-CoV-2. Simultaneously, this task force makes a more detailed comment on the development of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In the face of the global pandemic, various forces should work together to find useful medical methods to control SARS-CoV-2 as soon as possible instead of mutual condemnation. We cannot control the virus’s mutation, whereas we will never lose our confidence in defeating the virus and taking off the masks to return to normal.

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