Sesgos, efectos e implicaciones sociolingüísticas en la aplicación de la técnica de entrevista: la entrevista lingüísticamente minorizadora

2020 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Miguel Figueroa Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
Anglophone World ◽  
Multilingual Research ◽  
Siglo Xx

Desde finales del siglo XX, sobre todo en el mundo anglófono, se ha reflexionado y analizado cómo el imperialismo lingüístico y las políticas lingüísticas monolingüistas afectan a ciertas prácticas metodológicas en el contexto del contacto de lenguas. A este respecto, la técnica de la entrevista merece una atención especial, ya que en ocasiones en la elección de la lengua de entrevista se prima una determinada lengua, más por preferencias y prejuicios lingüísticos del investigador-entrevistador que por una verdadera ventaja metodológica. En este artículo se presenta una revisión sobre los acercamientos teóricos entre las diferentes disciplinas e interdisciplinas que han abordado esta cuestión en la investigación social y su postura ante la necesidad y ventajas de incorporar la dimensión sociolingüística al diseño, traducción y aplicación de la entrevista. Así se establece, tomando de referente a la Comunidad Hispánica en un contexto glocal, cómo la omisión o reconocimiento de esta dimensión puede estar afectando a la investigación -en concreto la recogida de información mediante entrevista- y a las comunidades de habla investigadas en contextos multilingües en cuanto sujetos objeto de marginación y discriminación lingüística. Igualmente, se reflexiona sobre como los efectos de los nacionalismos lingüísticos monolingüistas han propiciado prejuicios y hábitos que generan condiciones para que la entrevista como técnica de recolección de información se convierta en un medio de minorización lingüística y el investigador-entrevistador en un agente lingüístico que reproduce actitudes e ideologías lingüicidas. De este modo, tanto la toma de conciencia y de responsabilidad de las implicaciones sociolingüísticas que nuestros trabajos de campo puedan tener dentro de un determinado contexto multilingüe, desde lo que supone planear, diseñar, adaptar, traducir y aplicar una entrevista, es lo que puede propiciar que los investigadores-entrevistadores mejoren la validez y calidad de las investigaciones interculturales y multilingües, y, al reflexionar sobre su papel como agente lingüístico en situaciones de conflicto y discriminación lingüística, también contribuyan a la sostenibilidad lingüística y epistémica, evitando el uso de entrevistas lingüísticamente minorizadoras (ELM).Since the end of the 20th century, especially in the Anglophone world, the scientific community has reflected how linguistic imperialism and monolinguistic language policies affect some methodological practices in a context of language contact. In this regard, the interview technique deserves special attention because of the choice of interview language often give preference to a certain language more by linguistic prejudices of researcher-interviewer than by a true methodological advantage. This article presents a review of the theoretical approaches in several disciplines and interdisciplines that have discussed this issue in social research in social research, and also their position regarding the need and advantages of incorporating the sociolinguistic dimension to the design, translation, and application of the interview. Thus, if we take reference to the Hispanic Community in a glocal context, we see how the omission or recognition of this dimension may be affecting the research, in particular the collection of information by interviewing, and also the speech communities in multilingual contexts as subjects subject to linguistic marginalization and discrimination. Likewise, it reflects on how the effects of monolingual linguistic nationalism have promoted prejudices and habits that generate conditions so that the interview as an information gathering technique becomes a means of linguistic minoritization. For the same reason, the researcher-interviewer becomes a linguistic agent that reproduces linguicide linguistic attitudes and ideologies. In this way, both the awareness and responsibility of the sociolinguistic implications that our field work (the interview planning, design, adaptation, translation, and application) may have within a given multilingual context, is what can encourage researchers-interviewers to improve the validity and quality of intercultural and multilingual research. Also, it contributes to linguistic and epistemic sustainability when the researcher-interviewer reflects on their role as a linguistic agent in situations of conflict and linguistic discrimination, avoiding the use of linguistically minoritizing interviews (LMI).

Review of The Quality of Life: Valuation in Social Research.

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1008-1008
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Research

Introduction: Multicultural youth vernaculars in Paris and urban France

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNY CHESHIRE ◽  
PENELOPE GARDNER-CHLOROS
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Recent Immigrant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Linguistic Backgrounds

The papers in this Special Issue present some of the results of theMulticultural London English/Multicultural Paris Frenchproject, supported by the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) from October 2010 to December 2014 and by the FrenchAgence Nationale de la Recherche(ANR) from 2010–2012. The project compared language variation and change in multilingual areas of London and Paris, focusing on the language of young people of recent immigrant origin as well as that of young people whose families had lived in London or Paris for many generations. Similar projects in other European cities have documented the emergence of new ways of speaking and rapid language change in the dominant ‘host’ language, which are attributed to the direct and indirect effects of language contact; see, for example, Wiese 2009 on young people's language in Berlin, Quist 2008 on youth language in Copenhagen, and Svendsen and Røyneland 2008 on Norwegian). In London, young children from diverse linguistic backgrounds tend to acquire English in their peer groups at nursery school rather than from their parents, many of whom do not speak English or are in the early stages of learning English. Since their peers speak a wide range of different languages, the only language the young children have in common is English; and since many of their friends are also acquiring English, there is no clear target model, a high tolerance of linguistic variation, and plenty of scope for linguistic innovation. By the time they reach adolescence, young people's English has stabilized, and many innovations have become part of a new London dialect, now known as Multicultural London English (Cheshire et al., 2013). New urban dialects and language practices such as these have been termed ‘multiethnolects’: they contain a variable repertoire of innovative phonetic, grammatical, and discourse-pragmatic features. In multiethnic peer groups, where local children from many different linguistic backgrounds grow up together, the innovative features are used by speakers of all ethnicities, including those of local descent such as, in London, young monolingual English speakers from Cockney families. Nevertheless they tend to be more frequent in the speech of bilingual young people of recent immigrant origin, and by young speakers with highly multiethnic friendship groups (see further Quist 2008 for an account of the use of features associated with a multiethnolect in conjunction with nonlinguistic ‘markers’ of style, such as tastes in music and preferred ways of dressing). Our project aimed to determine whether a similar outcome had occurred in multicultural areas of Paris.

The ESRC Growing Older research programme, 1999–2004

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
The Uk

This article introduces the seven specially commissioned papers in this special issue of Ageing & Society from the projects funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council's Growing Older Programme. The ESRC Programme has been the largest single investment in social sciences research on ageing in the United Kingdom. It comprised 24 projects and, when operating at full capacity, 96 researchers. The article details the background to the Programme, its commissioning process, its eventual structure and how it operated. Then a selection is made of some of the ways in which the Programme has contributed new knowledge to social gerontology. No attempt is made to achieve comprehensive coverage of the Programme's topics but rather a selection is presented of the new insights generated under its six themes: defining and measuring quality of life, inequalities in quality of life, technology and the built environment, healthy and active ageing, family and support networks, and participation and activities in later life. The projects were spread unevenly across these themes but important new knowledge has been produced under each theme. The conclusion emphasises the scientific contribution of the Programme and especially the extent to which older people's own attitudes, aspirations and preferences have been at the forefront, but it questions whether or not policy makers and practitioners will use this major evidence base.

Kean Miltos: The Well-Known Iron Oxides of Antiquity

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Photos-Jones ◽  
A. Cottier ◽  
A. J. Hall ◽  
L. G. Mendoni
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The North ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Mineral

The island of Kea in the North Cyclades was well known in antiquity for its miltos, a naturally occurring red iron oxide valued for its colour and wide range of applications. By combining geological field work, physico-chemical analytical techniques, simulation (heating) experiments as well as simple laboratory tests, this paper describes the study of Kean iron oxides in an attempt to characterize this material which is still largely elusive in the archaeological record. The present work corroborates previous observations about the superior quality of some Kean iron oxides. Furthermore, it puts forward the hypothesis that miltos may have been considered an industrial mineral, and as such may have been used as an umbrella term for a variety of materials including mineralogically distinct purple as well as red iron oxides.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF PRACTICE-ORIENTED AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE TRAINING OF MODERN PERSONNEL IN VOCATIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
N.A. Pakhtusova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Podmareva ◽  
I.G. Samsonova
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Orientation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
Experimental Project

The article deals with the problem of improving the quality of training of teachers of vocational training by integrating practice-oriented and theoretical approaches for the implementation of the experimental project «Professionalism» as a priority direction in the development of secondary vocational education. It is noted that the professional activity of a teacher becomes more multitasking and requires the formation of professional skills while developing fl exibility of thinking, intelligence, and the ability to quickly respond to the demands of the labor market. The professional training of teachers provides for the integration of practice-oriented and theoretical approaches to form a competitive specialist. At the same time, the educational environment should diff er in the variability of approaches, educational technologies, didactic means and teaching methods. The article describes some forms of work with students that allow modeling the future professional activity of a teacher of vocational training and imply deepening and expanding the content of theoretical material and its refraction when performing practical tasks of a professional orientation. Noting the practice-oriented approach as an active form of organizing professional training of students, the authors consider the experience of working on the basis of the South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University.

scholarly journals Statutory regulation of financial control of public institutions: Current issues and ways of development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-666
Author(s):  
Sergei V. GOLOVIN
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
State Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Statutory Regulation

Subject. This article examines the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation that regulates financial control over government institutions. Objectives. The article aims to analyze regulations in the area of organization and implementation of external financial control over public institutions. It also aims to identify pressing regulatory issues for external and internal financial controls, and identify possible directions for its development. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis, grouping, comparison, and generalization. Results. The article describes and compares the types of external financial control of public institutions and internal financial control in public institutions according to the proposed comparison base. It identifies their differences and general methodological approaches to their implementation. The article compares the provisions of the regulations on the basic elements of the system of State financial control, tax control, control in the field of procurement of goods, works, services and State control (supervision), and it reveals similarities and differences of theoretical approaches to their formation. Conclusions. The article draws conclusions about the need to implement measures to improve the regulatory framework of financial control, which involve the creation of an uniform legislative framework, standardization of control activities at all levels of its implementation. These measures will help ensure the validity of the results and improve the quality of financial control in the public sector of the economy.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHOOL-LEAVERS’ HARDINESS AT THEIR PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Ingrida Baranauskienė ◽  
Liudmyla Serdiuk ◽  
Olena Chykhantsova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Personal Qualities

The article discusses the personal qualities of school-leavers that determine their hardiness at the stage of professional self-determination. It analyzes contemporary theoretical approaches to defining of the essence of the ‘hardiness’ concept. The factors are revealed that contribute to personal hardiness formation in the situation of professional choice. The article determines that hardiness components are related to the parameters of effective self-realization and personal subjective quality of life and hardiness is a key personality formation that mediates stress factor influence on psychological well-being and success in activities

scholarly journals FORMATION AND USE OF THE CITY DEVELOPMENT BUDGET: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uliana Vatamanyuk-Zelinska ◽  
Veronika Ishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
City Development ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Expenditure System ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
High Level

One of the priority tasks of the Decentralization Reform is to create conditions for the mobilization of sufficient financial resources in order to ensure the functioning and development of the relevant territorial community and its local budget. The ultimate goal of the reform is to form self – sufficient territorial communities with financially sound budgets and a high level of financial independence. In such conditions, when local budgets ' own revenues are limited, the development budget plays a leading role in financing the community. The development budget is one of the indicators for assessing the quality of life in territorial communities because it provides financing for infrastructure and the quality of local services, which ultimately determine the growth of the local economy as a whole. However, the revenue side of the development budgets of local budgets in Ukraine, even taking into account certain positive changes enshrined in the new version of the Budget code, is not able to meet the financial needs of territories in budget investments in the current conditions. Given this, the problems of using development budget funds as part of the special fund of local budgets do not lose their relevance today. Therefore, the article is devoted to substantiating the importance of the development budget and assessing potential directions for its use. The scientific work reveals theoretical approaches to defining the essence of the concept of "development budget", its role and purpose. The key role of the development budget in financing the city's infrastructure is outlined. Directions and areas of allocation of development budget funds in accordance with the current legislation are considered. The total amount of expenditures of the Lviv development budget is determined. The analysis and evaluation of the directions of using funds from the Lviv development budget was carried out. Expenditures of the Lviv development budget at the expense of subventions from the state and regional budgets are considered. Based on the analysis, the priority tasks necessary for further improvement of the expenditure system of the development budget are indicated.

scholarly journals Language contact within the speaker: Phonetic variation and crosslinguistic influence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khia A. Johnson ◽  
Molly Babel
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Recent Model ◽  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
Crosslinguistic Influence ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Language Influence

A recent model of sound change posits that the direction of change is determined, at least in part, by the distribution of variation within speech communities (Harrington, Kleber, Reubold, Schiel, & Stevens, 2018; Harrington & Schiel, 2017). We explore this model in the context of bilingual speech, asking whether the less variable language constrains phonetic variation in the more variable language, using a corpus of spontaneous speech from early Cantonese-English bilinguals (Johnson, Babel, Fong, & Yiu, 2020). As predicted, given the phonetic distributions of stop obstruents in Cantonese compared to English, intervocalic English /b d g/ were produced with less voicing for Cantonese-English bilinguals and word-final English /t k/ were more likely to be unreleased compared to spontaneous speech from two monolingual English control corpora (Pitt, Johnson, Hume, Kiesling, & Raymond, 2005; Swan, 2016). Cantonese phonology is more gradient in terms of voicing initial obstruents (Clumeck, Barton, Macken, & Huntington, 1981; W. Y. P. Wong, 2006) than permitting releases of final obstruents, which is categorically prohibited Bauer & Benedict (2011); Khouw & Ciocca (2006). Neither Cantonese-English bilingual initial voicing nor word-final stop release patterns were significantly impacted by language mode. These results provide evidence that the phonetic variation in crosslinguistically linked categories in bilingual speech is shaped by the distribution of phonetic variation within each language, thus suggesting a mechanistic account for why some segments are more susceptible to cross-language influence than others in studies of mutual influence.

La qualitŕ della vita a Roma: fattori ambientali, socio-economici e psico-sociali

2009 ◽  
pp. 102-136
Author(s):  
Manila Bonciani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Quality Of Life ◽  
Different Levels

- This contribution lies in the opening between the interest of social research for a deeper understanding of phenomena tied to the quality of life, and the need to intervene in public health as well as identify priority areas of action for the promotion of peoples' health and quality of life. The pilot study carried out in Rome in fact aimed to test a survey instrument on the quality of life from a health perspective. It analyzed the interaction between the environmental dimension, the social-economical and the psychosociological ones and their impact on the quality of life of people who live in urban areas. The purpose of this first contribution is to consider what might influence the promotion of wellbeing, in relation to different levels of human action (macro, meso and micro). The results underline a prominent influence of the psycho-sociological dimension on the perception of individual quality of life and a less substantial influence of the socio-economical one. The absence of a relation with the macro factor, which ecological data of the Municipalities of Rome characterizes as an element of urbanization of the territory, needs further investigation. This can be obtained through a sample survey that guarantees the representativeness of the Roman population.

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