Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, experiencias adversas vitales e imagen corporal: Una revisión sistemática

Eating disorders, life stressful events and body image: A systematic review Abstract: Our objective was to clarify the relationship between adverse life events and the altered body image in eatingdisorders. We reviewed English and Spanish papers indexed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and ScienceDirect from the last 10years. We included 16 studies of which 37.5% focus on eating disorders. Sexual abuse, physical abuse, domestic violence,bullying and having experienced multiples adverse life events have been associated with overweight patients and high body dissatisfaction. Emotional abuse has been associated with underweight and body shape concerns. Posttraumatic symptoms and emotion dysregulation have been identified as mediating factors. Eating disorder psychopathology could be the response to a bad regulation of negative emotion coming from different adverse life events and this mechanism could underlie patiens’ body dissatisfaction. Keywords: eating disorders; adverse life events; bulimia nervosa; anorexia nervosa; binge-eating disorder; body image; body dissatisfaction; traumatic events. Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es esclarecer la relación entre experiencias adversas vitales y la alteración de la imagen corporal en los trastornos alimentarios. Se han revisado trabajos en inglés y castellano indexados en MEDLINE, PsychoINFO y ScienceDirect en los últimos 10 años. Se han incluido 16 estudios de los cuales, el 37.5% se centra en trastornos de la alimentación. El abuso sexual, el físico, la violencia intrafamiliar, el acoso escolar y la suma de diferentes experiencias adversas vitales identifican pacientes con sobrepeso y alta insatisfacción corporal. El abuso emocional se ha asociado a bajo peso y preocupación entorno a la figura. La relación con la imagen corporal está mediada por clínica postraumática y la desregulación emocional. La clínica alimentaria es una respuesta a un mal manejo de emociones negativas derivadas de diferentes experiencias adversas y este mecanismo podría estar en la base de la insatisfacción corporal de los pacientes. Palabras clave: trastornos de la alimentación; experiencias adversas vitales; bulimia nerviosa; anorexia nerviosa; trastorno de atracón; imagen corporal; insatisfacción corporal; eventos traumáticos.

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Percepción de la imagen corporal de los adolescentes de Huelva atendiendo al género y a la edad (Body image perception by gender and age in adolescents of Huelva)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v0i34.51887 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 40-43

Author(s):

Manuel Javier Arrayás Grajera ◽

Inmaculada Tornero Quiñones ◽

Martín Salvador Díaz Bento

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Body Image ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Eating Disorder Inventory ◽

Image Perception ◽

Avoidance Behaviors ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Eating Disorders Inventory ◽

Body Image Avoidance

El objetivo principal de este estudio es comprobar las diferencias entre la percepción de la imagen corporal (en adelante IC) en adolescentes de Huelva atendiendo tanto al género como a la edad. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 226 estudiantes, con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 18 años (M= 13,94; DT= 1,41). La distribución por sexo fue de 54,9% de chicos (n= 124) y 45,1% de chicas (n= 102). Los instrumentos que se utilizaron para evaluar los diferentes componentes de la IC fueron: 1) Para evaluar el componente perceptual se utilizó el método de estimación corporal global de Gardner, Stark, Jackson y Friedman (1999), adaptado al español por Rodríguez, Beato, Rodríguez & Martínez (2003). 2) Para evaluar el componente subjetivo se utilizó la subescala de insatisfacción corporal del Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) de Garner, Polivy & Olmstead (1983), adaptado a la población española por Garner (1998). 3) Para evaluar el componente conductual se utilizó el Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ,), de Rosen, Salzberg, Srebnik & Went (1990). Las chicas se sienten más insatisfechas con su IC que los chicos. La mayoría de chicos y chicas coinciden en el deseo de perder peso. Las chicas mostraron un mayor uso de conductas de evitación a causa de la IC que los chicos especialmente en el “modo de llevar la ropa”, “las actividades sociales” y “pesarse y acicalarse”. Las chicas mostraron mayor “Obsesión por la delgadez” que los chicos.Abstract. The main objective of this study is to assess differences in body image (from now on BI) perception among Huelva teenagers, based on gender and age. The sample comprised 226 students aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 13.94, SD = 1.41). Gender distribution was 54.9% boys (n = 124) and 45.1% girls (n = 102). The instruments used to assess the different components of the BI were: 1) Global corporal estimating method of Gardner, Stark, Jackson and Friedman (1999) to evaluate the perceptual component, adapted to Spanish by Rodriguez, Beato, Rodriguez and Martinez (2003); 2) Body dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) of Garner, Polivy & Olmstead (1983) to assess the subjective component, adapted to the Spanish population by Garner (1998); 3) Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) of Rosen, Salzberg, Srebnik & Went (1990) to evaluate the behavioral component. Girls are more dissatisfied with their BI than boys. Most boys and girls have similar desire to lose weight. Girls showed greater use of avoidance behaviors due to BI than boys, especially in the "how to wear clothes", "social activities", and "weighed and groom" subscales. Girls showed greater "obsession with thinness" than boys.

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Celebrity influence on body image and eating disorders: A review

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105320988312 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135910532098831

Author(s):

Zoe Brown ◽

Marika Tiggemann

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Body Image ◽

Big Data ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Research Articles ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Media Attention ◽

Research Findings ◽

Appearance Comparison

Celebrities are well-known individuals who receive extensive public and media attention. There is an increasing body of research on the effect of celebrities on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Yet, there has been no synthesis of the research findings. A systematic search for research articles on celebrities and body image or eating disorders resulted in 36 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Overall, the qualitative, correlational, big data, and experimental methodologies used in these studies demonstrated that exposure to celebrity images, appearance comparison, and celebrity worship are associated with maladaptive consequences for individuals’ body image.

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Restrained eating in Lebanese adolescents: scale validation and correlates

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02728-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tracy Boulos Nakhoul ◽

Anthony Mina ◽

Michel Soufia ◽

Sahar Obeid ◽

Souheil Hallit

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Body Mass ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Activity Index ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Restrained Eating ◽

Distress Scale

Abstract Background Restrained eating disorder is prevalent worldwide across both ethnic and different cultural groups, and most importantly within the adolescent population. Additionally, comorbidities of restrained eating present a large burden on both physical and mental health of individuals. Moreover, literature is relatively scarce in Arab countries regarding eating disorders, let alone restrained eating, and among adolescent populations; hence, the aim of this study was to (1) validate the Dutch Restrained Eating Scale in a sample of Lebanese adolescents and (2) assess factors correlated with restrained eating (RE), while taking body dissatisfaction as a moderator between body mass index (BMI) and RE. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted between May and June 2020 during the lockdown period imposed by the Lebanese government, included 614 adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years from all Lebanese governorates (mean age of 16.66 ± 1.01 years). The scales used were: Dutch Restrained Eating Scale, body dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory-Second version, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Beirut Distress Scale (for psychological distress), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire (for depression). Results The factor analysis yielded a one-factor solution with Eigen values > 1 (variance explained = 59.65 %; αCronbach = 0.924). Female gender (B = 0.19), higher BMI (B = 0.49), higher physical activity index (B = 0.17), following a diet to lose weight (B = 0.26), starving oneself to lose weight (B = 0.13), more body dissatisfaction (B = 1.09), and higher stress (B = 0.18) were significantly associated with more RE, whereas taking medications to lose weight (B=-0.10) was significantly associated with less RE. The interaction body mass index (BMI) by body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with RE; in the group with low BMI, higher body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with more RE. Conclusions Our study showed that the Dutch Restrained Eating scale is an adapted and validated tool to be used among Lebanese adolescents and revealed factors associated with restrained eating in this population. Since restrained eating has been associated with many clinically-diagnosed eating disorders, the results of this study might serve as a first step towards the development of prevention strategies targeted towards promoting a healthy lifestyle in Lebanese adolescents.

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Anorexia Nervosa and Depression in a Woman Blind since the Age of Nine Months

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674379303800701 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 469-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Clifford W. Sharp

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Body Image ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Major Depression ◽

Food Intake ◽

Older Women ◽

The Body ◽

Atypical Presentation ◽

History Of

A woman aged 58 who has been blind since the age of nine months presented with major depression and a 40 year history of an eating disorder characterized by a restriction of food intake and body disparagement. The case is additional evidence that a specifically visual body image is not essential for the development of anorexia nervosa and supports the view that the concept of body image is unnecessary and unproductive in eating disorders. Greater emphasis should be placed on attitudes and feelings toward the body, and the possibility of an eating disorder should be considered in cases of older women with an atypical presentation.

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Is There Any Relationship Between Body Image Perception, Eating Disorders, and Muscle Dysmorphic Disorders in Male Bodybuilders?

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988318786868 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1746-1758 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Aslı Devrim ◽

Pelin Bilgic ◽

Nobuko Hongu

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Body Image ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Body Shape ◽

Muscle Dysmorphia ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Male Body ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test ◽

The Relationship

Bodybuilding has increasingly become popular between males since male body shape has become a subject of interest in the last decades. Bodybuilders have desired to gain more muscle and paid attention to their body shape. Based on this purpose, they have string rules that include restrictive eating and excessive exercise program. Recent research has demonstrated that desiring more muscular body shape exhibits eating behavior problems and body dissatisfaction issues in bodybuilders. Limited research exists on the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in male bodybuilders. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between body image disturbance and eating disorders in 120 male bodybuilders. The Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40) was used to determine eating disorders, the Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory was used to determine bigorexia symptoms, and Bodybuilder Image Grid-Original (BIG O) and Scaled (BIG S) forms were used to detect the factors associated with body dissatisfaction. There was a positive relationship between Eating Attitude Test and Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory total scores. Eating Attitude Test was positively correlated with both fat and muscle dissatisfaction. Our results indicated that eating disorder psychopathology is positively related to body dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorders in male bodybuilders.

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Association Between Paranoia And Anorexia Nervosa In Adolescents: What Factors Are Involved?

10.21203/rs.2.24625/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gennaro Catone ◽

Filomena Salerno ◽

Giulia Muzzo ◽

Valentina Lanzara ◽

Antonella Gritti

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Body Image ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Pediatric Care ◽

Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽

Body Image Concerns

Abstract Background: psychiatric comorbidities are of particular interest in Eating disorders. The association between anorexia nervosa and psychotic disorders is less studied than that with affective disorders (anxiety/depression). The aim of this study is to describe a psychotic symptom (paranoia) in adolescents with Eating Disorders looking at several potential explicative associated factors: eating disorder symptoms, body image concerns, depression and social anxiety. Our hypothesis is that paranoia in AN patients is more explained by the concomitant depression and social anxiety symptoms than core symptoms of the disease (eating disorder symptoms or body image concerns). Methods: this is a retrospective cross sectional study and consecutive, help-seeking adolescents admitted to the Eating Disorder service of the Integrated Pediatric Care Department, Luigi Vanvitelli University Hospital constituted the sample. Data was obtained trough retrospective collection of clinical interviews and self – report questionnaires administered by trained and expert child and adolescent psychiatrists. Results: We obtained data from 92 adolescents with Eating Disorders. Paranoia was dimensionally distributed in the sample (mean: 22,17 SD: 17,7; median 18 IQR: 7/36; range: 0-62). Our regression model explained that paranoia in this population was better explained by depression (coefficient= 0,415 SD: 0,210, p=0,052) and social anxiety symptoms (coefficient= 0,253 SD: 0,060; p<0,001) than eating disorder symptoms (coefficient= 0,092 SD: 0,107; p=0,398) and body image concerns (coefficient= 1,916 SD: 2,079; p=0,359) that did not retain their significance when all our predictive factors entered in the model. Conclusion: This study has some theoretical, clinical and treatment implications. It is important to carrying out screening for the presence of psychotic symptoms in patients with Eating Disorders. These symptoms and associated factors (depression and social anxiety) may complicate the clinical picture of the disease with the need, in certain cases, of psychopharmacological drugs and, among these, anti-psychotics. Finally in the psychotherapy context, paranoid idea may be subject of treatment for patient with EDs.

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders

Clinical Handbook of Complex and Atypical Eating Disorders ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190630409.003.0007 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 112-125

Author(s):

Danyale McCurdy-McKinnon ◽

Jamie D. Feusner

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Body Image ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Future Research ◽

Body Image Concern ◽

Core Feature ◽

Visuospatial Processing

This chapter addresses the comorbid presentation of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and disordered eating. BDD affects approximately 2% of the population and involves perceived defects of appearance along with obsessive preoccupation and repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors. The prevalence of comorbid BDD and eating disorders is high: Approximately one–third of those with BDD will have a comorbid eating disorder, and almost half of those with an eating disorder will have comorbid BDD. There are complicating diagnostic and treatment factors that arise when an individual experiences both. A core feature of these disorders is body image concern, which may be explained by both shared and unique aberrancies in visual and visuospatial processing that have neurobiological underpinnings. Understanding shared and unique pathophysiology may help inform and guide treatment, as well as open up lines of future research into their etiology.

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The links between body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00398-9 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 302-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

J. Rabe-Jablonska Jolanta ◽

M. Sobow Tomasz

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Life Events ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls

SummaryThe aim of the study was to search for a body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) period preceding the symptoms meeting the criteria of either anorexia or bulimia nervosa, and an evaluation of the prevalence of BDD symptoms in a control group of girls without any eating disorder. Ninety-three girls (12–21 years old) were included in the study (36 with anorexia nervosa, 17 with bulimia nervosa and 40 healthy controls). The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID), including the BDD module, and a novel questionnaire (for the presence of preceding life events) were used. We found the symptoms of BDD in 25% of anorexia nervosa sufferers for at least six months before observing a clear eating disorder picture. Moreover, other mental disorders were also present among these patients. The results may support the idea that BDD and anorexia nervosa both belong to either OCD or affective disorders spectra.

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The Impact of Retrospective Childhood Maltreatment on Eating Disorders as Mediated by Food Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12102969 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2969 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rami Bou Khalil ◽

Ghassan Sleilaty ◽

Sami Richa ◽

Maude Seneque ◽

Sylvain Iceta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽

Physical Neglect ◽

The Impact

Background: The current study aimed to test whether food addiction (FA) might mediate the relationship between the presence of a history of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder (ED) symptom severity. Methods: Participants were 231 patients with ED presenting between May 2017 and January 2020 to a daycare treatment facility for assessment and management with mainly the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). Results: Participants had a median age of 24 (interquartile range (IQR) 20–33) years and manifested anorexia nervosa (61.47%), bulimia nervosa (16.88%), binge-eating disorders (9.09%), and other types of ED (12.55%). They were grouped into those likely presenting FA (N = 154) and those without FA (N = 77). The group with FA reported higher scores on all five CTQ subscales, as well as the total score of the EDI-2 (p < 0.001). Using mediation analysis; significant indirect pathways between all CTQ subscales and the EDI-2 total score emerged via FA, with the largest indirect effect emerging for physical neglect (standardized effect = 0.208; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.127–0.29) followed by emotional abuse (standardized effect = 0.183; 95% CI 0.109–0.262). Conclusion: These results are compatible with a model in which certain types of childhood maltreatment, especially physical neglect, may induce, maintain, and/or exacerbate ED symptoms via FA which may guide future treatments.

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