Labour Relations in the Conventional Cargo Era

2003 ◽  
pp. 55-84
Author(s):  
James Reveley
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
Labour Relations

This chapter considers the labour relations during the conventional cargo era, twenty years before the introduction of the container industry. Reveley argues in depth that companies that hired watersiders were disempowered by the structure of the labour market. The chapter is divided into subsections as follows: Bargaining Structures; Union Bargaining Strategies; The Employers, Bargaining, and the WIT; The Unions Amalgamate Nationally; Work Relations and Managerial Control Strategies; Management Through the Wages System; Workplace Bargaining Over “Rates”; Informal Work Practices; and Labour Productivity and Costs. The chapter concludes by stating that though employers could individually profit from these circumstances, collectively they were in a worse position than the strengthened unions, and that this status quo, despite bargaining efforts, remained so at the start of containerisation.

scholarly journals Innovation management in education: impact on socio-labour relations in the national economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 346-357
Author(s):  
Anna Vorontsova ◽  
Tetyana Mayboroda ◽  
Hlib Lieonov
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Impact

Education plays an essential role in the national economy and is responsible for the formation of qualified and competent human resources that will act in the labour market as a labour force. At the same time, in the conditions of rapid acceleration of socio-cultural and scientific-technical changes, the updating of knowledge and acquired competencies becomes compulsory today. Therefore, there is an unconditional connection between the sphere of socio-labour relations and the field of education. Despite this, today in Ukraine there is an imbalance between these areas, which are oversaturation of the labour market by some professionals (including economic and legal), and lack of others (including labour professions), labour migration, the dissatisfaction of employers with the level of knowledge of graduates, etc. It requires the modernization of the existing situation and the coordination at the state level of the areas of interaction between socio-labour relations and education sector. In this regard, this article is devoted to the justification of the impact of state regulation of education on the development of socio-labour relations in the national economy, which will be carried out by combining the method of principal components and logit modelling in the software STATA 11. To identify the integrated level characterizing the state of socio-labour relations in the national economy of Ukraine, numerous absolute and relative indicators were analyzed, including unemployment and employment levels, labour productivity, wage arrears and its average level, etc. The results obtained suggest an improvement in the socio-labour relations in Ukraine in recent years. Logit modelling allows confirming, as well as comprehensively and individually, the impact of macroeconomic, demographic, migration parameters, and a set of performance characteristics of the education sector on the level of harmonization and convergence of processes in labour markets and educational services. It helps to define the priorities of state intervention in the field of state regulation of education. The set calculations form the basis of further research of authors in the field of the specified problems. Keywords state regulation of education, socio-labour relations, national economy, labour market, binary logit modelling.

Unions and Migrant Workers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonila Danaj ◽  
Erka Çaro ◽  
Laura Mankki ◽  
Markku Sippola ◽  
Nathan Lillie
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
Labour Market Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the relationship between migrant workers and trade unions in different host countries. Based on a series of biographic interviews with Estonian migrant workers in Finland and Albanian workers in Italy and Greece, it makes the case that when migrants join unions, it is usually a result of an individual movement out of precarious and sometimes informal work into secure, formal work relations. The availability of such secure jobs for migrants is a result of inclusive national institutions of labour market regulation, and a strong trade union workplace presence. Although in all three countries the migrants were quite passive and instrumentalist in their relations to unions, they nonetheless generally joined when working in unionized contexts, as a way of conforming to workplace norms.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Labour Informality in Brazil, 2003-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Manzano ◽  
José Dari Krein ◽  
Ludmila C. Abílio
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Mainstream Economics ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Labour Regulation

This article examines the evolution of labour informality in Brazil between 2003 and 2019, a period marked by strong political, economic and social inflections. In the first section, we offer a brief reflection on the terms of the historical debate on informality and its relation to the transformations of the Brazilian economy. In section two we describe the remarkable process of labour formalisation that took place in the country between 2003 and 2014, pointing out its exceptionality and principal determinants. In section three, we note the reversal of this formalisation trend. With the recession of 2015–2016, informal and precarious work increased sharply, exacerbated by newly flexible labour laws and the emergence of new precarious labour relations. We conclude that the Brazilian experience in this new century shows that the formalisation of labour relations is strongly related to more general conditions of economic development and the solidity of public institutions. Furthermore, and in contrast to the views held in mainstream economics, initiatives to simplify and ease the regulatory framework appear to coexist with increasing levels of precariousness and informal work. KEYWORDS: labour informality; Brazilian labour market; public policy; labour regulation; gig economy

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Southeast Asia: Implications for workers and unions

2021 ◽  
pp. 002218562110000
Author(s):  
Michele Ford ◽  
Kristy Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Export Orientation ◽  
Health Measures

The labour market effects in Southeast Asia of the COVID-19 pandemic have attracted considerable analysis from both scholars and practitioners. However, much less attention has been paid to the pandemic’s impact on legal protections for workers’ and unions’ rights, or to what might account for divergent outcomes in this respect in economies that share many characteristics, including a strong export orientation in labour-intensive industries and weak industrial relations institutions. Having described the public health measures taken to control the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia, Cambodia and Vietnam, this article analyses governments’ employment-related responses and their impact on workers and unions in the first year of the pandemic. Based on this analysis, we conclude that the disruption caused to these countries’ economies, and societies, served to reproduce existing patterns of state–labour relations rather than overturning them.

Attitude of Individuals First Entering Labour Market to the Implementation of Equality of Treatment Principle in Labour Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Eglė Štareikė ◽  
Ugnė Alaburdaitė
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Treatment Principle ◽  
Scientific Doctrine

By invoking scientific doctrine, legal regulations and official statistics, the paper aims at assessing the actual position of females and males in labour relations in Lithuania as well as identifying the problems of the legal regulation of gender equality. The survey conducted among MRU Public Security Academy students was dedicated to disclosing the perceptions of individuals first entering the labour market about (in)equality in labour relations and experiences in the course of professional practice. To attain these objectives, certain goals were set: analysis of multiple layers of the concept of equality, legal regulation of the principle of gender equality and its inclusion in labour relations and statutory service. Furthermore, the present paper considered various trends and patterns in the implementation of the gender equality principle in labour relations, based on the analysis of the data of the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson. Empirical research was carried out to assess the experience of students who had their professional practice in police headquarters in terms of gender inequality. Based on the performed survey that involved the students of MRU Public Security Academy, it should be concluded that the majority of students did not understand the different behaviours that could violate an individual’s rights in terms of the equality of men and women. When responding to certain questions, the majority of respondents indicated that gender inequality in Lithuania existed only to the extent it occurred naturally; however, when responding to other questions, the majority stated that there were numerous situations during their practice when they experienced discrimination (i.e. preferential treatment of one of the genders, abuse due to gender etc.). This can lead to the conclusion that violations of gender equality committed on certain grounds are perceived as a natural phenomenon resulting from natural differences between the sexes and because of this, certain flawed behaviour is justified. This results in fewer opportunities for individuals to report violations to responsible institutions and thus ensure the protection of their rights as well as to share their experiences with other individuals and, as a result, educate them.

scholarly journals Directions of Social and Economic Policy in the Context of the Development of Non-Standard Forms of Employment in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav N. Bobkov ◽  
Natalia V. Loktyukhina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Precarious Work

The Object of the Study. Informal employment in Russia, factors affecting the development of informal employment. The Subject of the Study. Socio-economic policy in connection with the development of non-standard forms of employment in Russia. The Purpose of the Study. Developing of proposals for the transformation of socioeconomic policy in the context of the development of non-standard forms of employment in Russia. The Main Provisions of the Article. The main factors influencing the development of non-standard forms of employment are: the development of information and communication technologies and robotics, changing consumer preferences, demographic factors, changing the quality of the workforce, institutional factors, globalization. The proposals on the directions of socioeconomic policy, necessary for a positive impact on the situation with the state and development of precarious work in Russia are substantiated. The objective of such a policy in terms of precarious work is to reduce (reduce to “no”) its risks, expand positive opportunities for the parties to labour relations and society as a whole in the context of the development of the ICT and robotization. Measures are proposed in the field of the “lifelong learning” program, state regulation of the labour market (including in terms of improving the activities of state and non-state employment services, unemployment benefits, electronic personnel management), the development of a social partnership system (primarily in terms of improving activities of trade unions), the development of external institutions affecting the labour market and employment (Tax policy, Informing on the state of legal regulation labor relations). It is advisable to update the National Project “Labour Productivity and Employment Support”, providing for the whole range of issues of promoting productive employment, due to the development of its non-standard precarized forms.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence as an Instrument of Discrimination in Workforce Recruitment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-212
Author(s):  
Alessandra Miasato ◽  
Fabiana Reis Silva
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Great Risk ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ethical Norms

The purpose of this article is to reflect on the use of artificial intelligence in the process of hiring and on how biased algorithms can pose a great risk of discrimination to particular groups if artificial intelligence is not used properly with an emphasis on labour relations. Based on current research, we present the wide range of uses how AI technology can be deployed in the search for employees who satisfy the needs of employers on the labour market. The various manifestations of bias in AI implementations utilized in the field of human resources as well as their causes are presented. We conclude that in order to avoid discrimination due to either wilful programmer behaviour or implicit in the data used to train AI agents, the observance of legal and ethical norms, as outlined in tentative projects underway worldwide, is necessary.

scholarly journals The ‘Yellow Danger’? Global forces and global fears in the North Sea and beyond (1600–1950)

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-754
Author(s):  
Matthias van Rossum
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Global Connections ◽  
The North Sea

Since direct shipping routes between Europe and Asia opened up at the end of the 15th century, the growing intercontinental and regional shipping connections resulted in increasing entanglements between European and Asian maritime labour markets. This article analyses the long term development of the connections between European and Asian maritime labour markets and its impact on socio-cultural (and labour) relations through three elements: first, the changing connections between European and Asian maritime labour markets; second, the changing nature of European and Asian maritime labour markets and its influence on the positions of sailors; and third, the changing relations between European and Asian sailors and its effects on the reactions and interactions in a globalising maritime labour market. It explores how these changing global connections shaped encounters between European and Asian sailors on (intercontinental) shipping in and from the North Sea region, and how it affected the positions and reactions of its workers.

Employment Protection Legislation and Unemployment in Botswana

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-191
Author(s):  
Happy Siphambe ◽  
Mavis Kolobe ◽  
Itumeleng Primrose Oageng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Employment Creation ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Protection Legislation

Botswana has experienced phenomenon economic growth and structural transformation since independence. Despite the achievement in terms of economic growth, the country has had challenges with unemployment averaging 20% and being quite high for youth. The labour laws have changed over time to conform to international standards. The current changes have, however, not been positive in terms of labour relations with the transition from consultative system to collective bargaining almost forestalled. The labour movement has been quite weak. The labour laws have had mixed impact on employment and the labour market and employment creation. The chapter makes key recommendations on how Botswana's labour environment can be transformed based on international experience. Key recommendations are towards employment creation and improving the social dialogue space, especially for labour as the weaker party. This should go a long way in increasing labour productivity and dealing with the persistent problem of poor work ethic.

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